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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    A retrospective analysis of maritime cyber security incidents
    Autorzy:
    Meland, P. H.
    Bernsmed, K.
    Wille, E.
    Rødseth, Ø. J.
    Nesheim, D. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063970.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    cyber security
    retrospective analysis
    digital attack
    cyber security incidents
    maritime cyber threats
    maritime incidents
    Opis:
    The maritime industry is undergoing a rapid evolution through the introduction of new technology and the digitization of existing services. At the same time, the digital attack surface is increasing, and incidents can lead to severe consequences. This study analyses and gives an overview of 46 maritime cyber security incidents from the last decade (2010-2020). We have collected information from open publications and reports, as well as anonymized data from insurance claims. Each incident is linked to a taxonomy of attack points related to onboard or off-ship systems, and the characteristics have been used to create a Top-10 list of maritime cyber threats. The results show that the maritime sector typically has incidents with low frequency and high impact, which makes them hard to predict and prepare for. We also infer that different types of attackers use a variety of attack points and techniques, hence there is no single solution to this problem.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 519--530
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    State-sponsored and organized crime threats to maritime transportationsystems in the context of the attack on Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Cichocki, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24811512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    cyber attack
    cyber incidents
    maritime cyber resilience
    cyber resilience
    maritime cyber security
    maritime cyber threats
    cybersecurity
    advanced persistent threat
    Opis:
    Due to its strategic importance and vast impact on the world economy, maritime transport has become a cyber battlefield. Cybersecurity organizations across the world notice and analyze adversaries such as Bear from Russia, Panda from China, Buffalo from Vietnam, Chollima from North Korea (DPRK), and others from Columbia, India, Turkey, and Iran, as well as hacktivist and E-Crime. In 2014 - 2023, Ukraine became the object of massive cyberattacks aimed at its political, social, and economic destabilization. This situation changes the perception of cyberspace and its importance for ensuring the security of the global economy, in particular, the maritime economy. Reports published by the US Coast Guard show that. In this publication, the author reviews the cybersecurity threat landscape targeting the maritime industry and transportation systems and analyzes the technics, tactics, and procedures (TTPs) used by threat actors.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 3; 717--721
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ensuring cyber resilience of ship information systems
    Autorzy:
    Onishchenko, O.
    Shumilova, K.
    Volyanskyy, S.
    Volyanskaya, Y.
    Volianskyi, Y.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086300.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    ship Information systems
    cyber resilience
    ship information systems
    cyber security
    cyber attack
    COVID-19
    cyber threats
    autonomous navigation
    Opis:
    The Covid-19 pandemic brought a problem related to the inability to timely update security systems on ships during a voyage and the need to encrypt data stored in ship information systems (SISs) and shipping company information systems. The analysis of new types of worldwide cyberattacks showed that they were set off by an increase in the use of remote-controlled autonomous technologies and a spread of telework. It was proved that on ships: a) there are no cybersecurity specialists; b) there is no means of identification of cyber threats and no response plans; c) there is a lack of cybersecurity training for crews; d) encryption of confidential ship data is barely used; e) crew is a vulnerability factor in ship's security. The analysis of cyber incidents allowed us to develop a basic response plan to protect ship control systems. It was demonstrated that the basic plan can be continuously updated and improved in accordance with: a) the real state of ship systems; b) the results of performance analysis of crew actions; c) the emergence of new types of cyberattacks. To improve the security of confidential data in ship information networks theoretical framework for the development of encrypted data search engines with the identification of “dangerous” keywords for the ship information systems (SISs) was proposed. A data exchange protocol, basic requirements for SISs, and an algorithm for detecting “dangerous” keywords in messages were developed. A test search engine on encrypted data was presented, and the main components of the system were highlighted. The functionality of the system was experimentally proved, and the accuracy and speed of search on encrypted data were determined.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 1; 43--50
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ensuring Cybersecurity in Shipping: Reference to Estonian Shipowners
    Autorzy:
    Heering, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117518.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    cyber security
    cybersecurity in shipping
    Estonian shipowners
    cyber attack
    cyber incidents
    cyber threats
    MET System in Estonia
    cyber risk
    Opis:
    Ships, ports and offshore facilities are increasingly becoming dependent on modern information and opera-tional technology. Cyber incidents on ships can create disruptions of critical systems that cause problems for the ship’s safe operation. Therefore, the shipowners must be prepared to cope with rising cyber threats. In or-der to prevent cyber incidents happening on ships and in the companies, essential steps must be taken on the management level. This paper introduces results of two surveys on cybersecurity and cyber awareness carried out in between 2017 – 2019 among the shipping companies operating in Estonia. Feedback was received from 12 shipowners out of 19 and the results show that at least 7 organisations had been the victims to different types of cyberattacks. The results indicate that shipowners are not paying enough of attention to potential cyber threats and education of their employees. Finally, the paper proposes cyber risk mitigation means for the shipowners.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 271-278
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Raising awareness on cyber security of ECDIS
    Autorzy:
    Svilicic, B.
    Brčić, D.
    Žuškin, S.
    Kalebić, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117444.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    cyber security
    risk analysis
    ECDIS
    ECDIS software
    ECDIS cyber security
    critical operational technology
    ECDIS backup
    ECDIS cyber threats
    Opis:
    In the maritime transport, the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) has been developed into a complex computer-based ship critical operational technology system, playing central roles in the safe ship navigation and transport. While ECDIS software maintenance is regulated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) ECDIS performance standards and related circulars, underlying software and hardware arrangements are implemented by ship-owners and supported by ECDIS equipment manufacturers. In this paper, we estimate ECDIS cyber security in order to study the origin of ECDIS cyber security risks. A set of ECDIS systems is examined using an industry-leading vulnerability scanning software tool, and cyber threats regarding the ECDIS backup arrangement, underlying operating system and third party applications are studied.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 1; 231-236
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    CERP: a maritime cyber risk decision making tool
    Autorzy:
    Erstad, E.
    Hopcraft, R.
    Palbar, J. D.
    Tam, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201418.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    maritime cyber resilience
    maritime cyber security
    cyber risk management
    safety and security
    emergency response procedures
    cyber incident response
    risk mitigation
    maritime cyber threats
    Opis:
    An increase in the complexity of systems onboard ships in the last decade has seen a rise in the number of reported maritime cyber-attacks. To tackle this rising risk the International Maritime Organization published high-level requirements for cyber risk management in 2017. These requirements obligate organisations to establish procedures, like incident response plans, to manage cyber-incidents. However, there is currently no standardised framework for this implementation. This paper proposes a Cyber Emergency Response Procedure (CERP), that provides a framework for organisations to better facilitate their crew’s response to a cyber-incident that is considerate of their operational environment. Based on an operations flowchart, the CERP provides a step-by-step procedure that guides a crew’s decision-making process in the face of a cyber-incident. This high-level framework provides a blueprint for organisations to develop their own cyber-incident response procedures that are considerate of operational constraints, existing incident procedures and the complexity of modern maritime systems.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 2; 269--279
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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