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Tytuł:
The Effect of Text Authenticity on the Performance of Iranian EFL Students in a C-Test
Autorzy:
Cheng, Karen
BiglarBaygi, Amir
Solaymani, Mesod
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
C-Tests
Authentic texts
Inauthentic texts
Test method facets
Opis:
As part of growing efforts to understand factors affecting c-test this study aims to investigate the effect of text authenticity on the performance of Iranian EFL students in a C-Test. The C-Test is an integrative testing instrument that measures overall language competence, very much like the cloze test. In this study the rule of two has been applied: "the second half of every second word has been deleted, beginning with the second word of the second sentence; the first and last sentences are left intact" (Katona and Dornyei 1993: 35). The research involves 60 college students in their third year, majoring in English Literature at Ershad-Damavand College. This group were randomly selected applying multi-stage sampling. Since the present study intended to investigate the role of two different formats, i.e. authentic and inauthentic texts (text translated from Persian into English), two different tailored C-Tests were made to measure and compare the performances of the participants. Two C-Tests, one with Authentic Text and the other, with Inauthentic Text were administered to this homogenized group comprising 30 subjects. The findings of this study suggest that authenticity has an effect on the performance of learners in c-tests and we should control this variable while devising a c-test.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2009, 7; 61-74
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constructionism and the Textuality of Social Problems
Autorzy:
Del Rosso, Jared
Esala, Jennifer
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2107094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Knowledge
Organizations
Social Constructionism
Social Problems
Texts
Opis:
Building on the work of Dorothy Smith and Bruno Latour, this article examines the textual mediation of social problems activities. Because of their materiality and/or digitality, texts preserve constructions of reality, rendering those constructions durable and mobile. This, in turn, allows claims-makers distant in time or space to access those constructions as interpretive resources for claims-making. Texts, then, help us account for how social problems spread and endure. We show how texts mediate claims-makers access to two resources for claims-making: the “reality” of problematic conditions and definitions of problems. We also consider how texts structure social problems work. We conclude by briefly considering how the contemporary technological environment may be altering the textual mediation of claims-making.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2015, 11, 2; 34-45
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Story of Melchizedek in Certain Slavonic Texts (Palaea Historica and the Apocryphal Cycle of Abraham)
Autorzy:
Skowronek, Małgorzata
Gucio, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682158.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Old-Church-Slavonic literary texts
textology
Palaea Historica
Opis:
The article analyses the story of the prophet-king Melchizedek (mentioned in Gen 14,17– 20, Ps 110,4 and three passages in Heb: 5,6–10, 6,20, 7,1–17), recorded in Slavonic historical texts: the first and second translation of Palaea Historica, and the first and second edition of the so-called apocryphal cycle of Abraham (in which there are several references to Melchizedek). Compared to the scarce information about Melchizedek from the Old and New Testament, stories of extra-biblical origin communicate a significant amount of detail concerning the king-priest, comprising a description of nearly all of his life. Comparison of key episodes in the life of Melchizedek and Abraham (such as origin, revelation, conflict with their pagan parent, leaving home and journey, promise of greatness given by God, testimony or theophany or angelophany, experience of human sacrifice, a change of name) in the Palaea and the cycle confirms – based on the Slavonic material – analogies in the construction of the two protagonists. Both accounts – in the Palaea and the cycle – make the characters more “full-blooded” than in the Bible. The story of Melchizedek presented in the Palaea is characterised by fragmentation (being contained in four chapters), and disrupts chronological order to a small degree, emphasising cause-and-effect relationships, while at the same time it can be considered as a prototype or a singular variant of Vitae: the structure and selection of content of the bio- or hagiographic story meet the characteristics of the genre.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2014, 4; 171-191
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money in “Historia monachorum in Aegypto”
Autorzy:
Milewski, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
early Byzantine hagiography and monasticism
early Byzantine economy
money in hagiographic texts
digits and numbers in early Byzantine hagiographic texts
Opis:
The text discusses the accounts of money in Historia monachorum in Aegypto. There are not many of them and, in addition, they are quite succinct. The first illustrates the face of early Byzantine fiscalism, the difficulty of paying taxes, and the resulting sanctions for the insolvent debtor and his family members. The next, equally laconic, shows the nature of the business of a merchant trading his goods from Thebaid to Alexandria. The remaining analyzed information is comprised of isolated and very brief references to the issue of money in other spheres of everyday life. Historia monachorum, an important text for studying the early history of Egyptian monasticism, unfortunately, does not constitute a valuable source of information about money and the history of the economy of early Byzantium.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2021, 11; 653-662
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retoryka tekstów popularnonaukowych na przykładzie pisma „Scientific American”
The Rhetoric of Popular Science Texts. "Scientific American" Magazine as Typical Example
Autorzy:
Lichański, Jakub Z
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/968035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
popular science texts
rhetoric
rhetorical criticism
visual rhetoric
"Scientific American"
Opis:
The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between rhetoric and popular science texts. Scientific American magazine is taken as an example. In conclusion, the author suggests that the rhetoric of popular science texts rests on the presentation of the problem, avoiding controversy in the presentation of research issues, avoiding modal forms, the use of multiple elements of visual rhetoric. This article contains brief historical information about the development of the magazine "Scientific American".
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2016, 31, 1
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Rhetoric of Popular Science Texts. Scientific American Magazine as a Typical Example
Autorzy:
Lichański, Jakub Z
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/649641.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
popular science texts
rhetoric
rhetorical criticism
visual rhetoric
Scientific American
Opis:
The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between rhetoric and popular science texts. Scientific American magazine is taken as an example. In conclusion, the author suggests that the rhetoric of popular science texts rests on the presentation of a problem, avoiding controversy in the presentation of research issues, avoiding modal forms and the use of multiple elements of visual rhetoric. This article contains brief historical information about the development of the magazine Scientific American.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2016, 35, 5
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Парадигматическая модель с доминантой радость – горе (на материале сочинений а. П. Чехова и словарей русского языка)
The paradigm with the dominant of radost’ – gorie (on the material of a. Tchekhov’s literary texts and russian language dictionaries)
Autorzy:
Вежбиньски (Wierzbiński), Ярослав (Jarosław)
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-04-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
The literary texts of A. Tchekhov
the antonymous and synonymous
Opis:
The present paper considers the antonymous and synonymous relations that can be observed in the literary texts of A. Tchekhov with regard to the paradigm with the dominant of radostʼ – gorie. In the paradigm in question the first lexeme appears in antonymous relations with the other 11 lexical units: skorbʼ, grustʼ, pechalʼ, muka, stradanije, bolʼ, skuka, toska, dosada, otchajanie, uzhas. The units quoted above are synonymously connected, even though they refer to different synonymous groups. Such determined the synonymy demands a description of differences between the opposites. The differences can be more emphasized as a result of seme analysis that aims at relating semes to particular units in the paradigm. The antonymous and synonymous connections presented in the paper can be recognized as a specific kind of the writer’s speech since to a considerable degree they shape the Tchekhov’s style.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica; 2013, 09; 127-140
1731-8025
2353-9623
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O pewnych podobieństwach i zasadniczej różnicy w interpretowaniu tekstów prawnych oraz literackich
Autorzy:
Janicki, Jędrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2034067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
non-intrinsicality of texts
derivative theory
levels of location of meaning
unifying of meaning of texts
niesamoistność tekstu
teoria derywacyjna
poziomy lokalizacji znaczenia tekstu
ujednolicanie znaczenia tekstu
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, że na pewnym poziomie interpretacyjnym zarówno teksty prawne, jak i teksty literackie mają charakter niesamoistny – dla potrzeb tego rodzaju zbliżenia perspektywy analizy tekstów prawnych i literackich wykorzystuję odpowiednio elementy teorii derywacyjnej dla tekstów prawnych oraz elementy teorii Susan Sontag oraz Erica Donalda Hirscha dla tekstów literackich. Przypisanie cechy niesamoistności znaczenia tekstom prawnym oraz literackim wymusza przyjrzenie się możliwym „pozatekstowym źródłom”, pozwalającym na zrekonstruowanie znaczenia tych dwóch rodzajów tekstów. Nie może umknąć jednak uwadze zasadnicza rozbieżność warunkująca możliwości w interpretowaniu tekstów prawnych oraz literackich – interpretacja tekstów prawnych ma na celu ujednolicanie ich znaczeń, a interpretacja tekstów literackich (zwłaszcza w duchu „anarchizmu interpretacyjnego”) może mieć na celu mnożenie wyinterpretowanych znaczeń.
The aim of the article is to show that at a certain level of interpretation, both legal texts and literary texts are non-intrinsic – for the purposes of this kind of approximation of the perspective of the analysis of legal and literary texts, I use respectively elements of derivative theory for legal texts and elements of the theory of Susan Sontag and Eric Donald Hirsch for literary texts. Ascribing the feature of non-intrinsicality to legal and literary texts forces one to look at possible “extra-textual sources” allowing for the reconstruction of the meaning of these two types of texts. However, the fundamental difference that determines the possibilities of interpreting legal and literary texts must not be overlooked – the interpretation of legal texts is aimed at unifying their meanings, and the interpretation of literary texts (especially in the spirit of “interpretive anarchism”) may be aimed at multiplying the interpreted meanings.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2021, 97; 157-168
0208-6069
2450-2782
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Imaging Evil in the First Chapters of Genesis: Texts behind the Images in Eastern Orthodox Art
Autorzy:
Kuyumdzhieva, Margarita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Satan
Devil
Genesis
Cain
Abel
Eastern Orthodox art
pseudo-canonical texts
apocrypha
Opis:
Satan’s interference in the events described in the first chapters of the book of Genesis and in the life of the protoplasts is not mentioned at all in the biblical text. This happens, however, in pseudo-canonical texts. The article is a short survey on the apocryphal accounts that mention Satan and their influence on art. The main focus is put on the inclusion of the image of Satan behind Cain’s figure in a number of depictions of the scene The Murder of Abel in the Russian art of the 16th and 17th centuries. The possible links between this visual motif with several literary sources is examined, among them the Short and the Explanatory Palaea, the Tale of Bygone Years (Povest’ vremennykh let or Primary Chronicle), Russian recensions of the apocryphon The Sea of Tiberias, and of The Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius of Patara. In addition, some instances of the same visual decision in Balkan art are pointed out and their connection to Russian models is underlined.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2016, 6; 377-396
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyril of Scythopolis on Relieving the Damage in Palestine Inflicted during the Samaritan Revolt (529–531)
Autorzy:
Milewski, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26469790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Cyril of Scythopolis
early Byzantine hagiography
early Byzantine economy
money in hagiographic texts
Opis:
The text analyses a short account by Cyril of Scythopolis concerning the imperial decision to finance the repair of the damages caused in Palestine by the Samaritan uprising of 529–531. A description of the alleged circumstances of this decision and information regarding the amount of the sum granted are examined. According to Cyril’s account, the granted sum, 13 centenarii of gold, was to be set aside from the tax revenues of Palestine and then used to rebuild (only) the ecclesiastical and monastic infrastructure. It is not clear from the text whether the repair of the aforementioned damage was to be financed only in the area of Palaestina secunda (where the main fighting of the rebellion took place) or also in Palaestina prima. Moreover, there is no mention in the text in question (as well as in other sources of the period) of the financing of the repair of other damages, which undoubtedly were also caused by the Samaritan uprising. The issue that interested the author most was the amount of money that the Emperor Justinian allegedly allocated for the above-mentioned purpose. In order to verify the amount, the author compared it with other data showing the abundance of the imperial treasury at the time of Anastasius and Justinian, as well as reached for other information on the wealth of the cities at that time. After analysing this data, the author has come to the conclusion that, despite some doubts, the sum of 13 centenarii of gold (1,300 pounds) mentioned by Cyril and allegedly allocated by the imperial court to repair the damage caused by the Samaritan uprising seems quite reasonable.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2022, 12; 725-737
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"Плач Адама" и «адамический текст» в древнеславянской рукописной традиции
"Adam’s lament" and “Adamic text” in Old Slavonic handwriting tradition
Autorzy:
Рождественская, Милена В.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Medieval Slavonic apocrypha
textology of literary and folk texts
questions-and-responses (erotapocriseis)
Opis:
Apocryphal stories of Adam related to the subjects of the Paradise lost, Adam’s repentance and expulsion from Eden, life of Adam and Eve after the expulsion, the manuscript that Adam gave to Satan, the Holy Cross story – all these subjects can be called the single Adamic text. This intertestamental texts includes Story of how many parts Adam was created from, Adam’s Handwriting, Story of the Cross Tree, Story of Adam and Eve, Adam’s Lament. In Old Russian manuscripts these texts were not necessarily clearly divided from one another, they were often copied as a single set related to the first man and woman. Author had like to look in more detail into the lament of Adam. The Old Testament says nothing about the penance and lament of Adam after his and Eve’s expulsion from Eden. However, the apocryphal Old Russian version (Confession of Eve) mentions his crying and lamenting. Another genre of the Adamic text (apart from prayer, narration, and lament) is the question-and-answer erotapocritical apocryphal literature in the form of riddles and solutions. For example, in the wellknown apocryphal ‘Talk of three Holy Hierarchs’, the text known in different versions to the southern Slavs since the 12th century, which has a long literary tradition in Russia well into the 19th century, there are riddles concerning Adam. The theme of Adam in Old Russian literary and oral traditions is present in several genres: narrative, spiritual verse, riddles.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2014, 4; 161-170
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O prezentacji współczesnego kryzysu uchodźczego. (Analiza stylistyczna słoweńskich tekstów prasowych ze strony internetowej http://www.rtvslo.si/)
On The Presentation Of Contemporary Refugee Crisis. (A Stylistic Analysis Of Slovenian Press Texts On The http://www.rtvslo.si/ Website)  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Autorzy:
Zatorska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/694539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
-
Stylistics
text linguistics
press texts on the website
the contemporary refugee crisis
Slovene
Opis:
The paper focuses on the subject of the contemporary refugee crisis in the years 2015-2016. The presented research includes the elements of stylistic analysis of selected texts on the website of RTV Slovenija found under the Begunska kriza bookmark. The research on the grammatical solutions used in the texts aims to determine the language tools applied to present the refugee crisis in the territory of Slovenia in these texts and their pragmatic implications.
-
Źródło:
Slavica Lodziensia; 2017, 1
2544-1795
Pojawia się w:
Slavica Lodziensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kolacjonowanie przekazów wierszy Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina na podstawie wybranych liryków zawartych w autografie poety – dylematy edytorskie
Collation of sources poems by Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin based on selected lyrics contained in the poet’s autograph – editorial dilemmas
Autorzy:
Bednarek, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
critical edition
autograph
collation
text’s variants
autograf
edycja krytyczna
kolacjonowanie
odmiany tekstu
Opis:
Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin has created manuscript for a few years. It was a kind of his poetica will. In this collection, titled Poezje Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina ręką własną pisane, author included works published in three previous collections volumes of verse as well as completely new poems. Reused works had many editorial alterations compared to original ones. First time published works had been totally unknown before. Poezje Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina ręką własną pisane was not published as printed, scientific edition yet. This article describes today’s editor dilemmas about making a critical edition of four first book contained in the first volume of autograph. Mainly it is focused on the problem of comparasion variants of particular texts, which often are very different.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2016, 34, 4
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Обрядовые уклонения и дурные привычки латинских еретиков в византийско- славянской полемической литературе Средневековья
Ritual deviations and bad habits of the ‘Latin heretics’ in Byzantine and Slavic polemical literature of the Middle Ages
Autorzy:
Николов, Ангел
Станев, Камен
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Orthodox anti-Latin polemics
medieval polemical texts
Orthodox identity
Orthodox- Catholic relations
religious dialogue
Opis:
The paper discusses the differences between Eastern and Western Christians during the Middle Ages through the prism of the lists of ritual deviations and bad habits of the ‘Latin heretics’, which were circulated in Byzantium in the second half of the 12th century (following the Great Schism of 1054). The translations and revisions of these lists remained popular among the Orthodox Christians in the Balkans and Eastern Europe up until the end of the 17th century. Special attention has been given to the reception among the Slavs of two Byzantine accusations levelled on the westerners – (1) that their priests shave; (2) that they eat various ‘unclean’ animals and creatures. The examples of the peculiar mundanity of the religious dialogue and polemics analysed in the paper suggest that this was a trend resulting from the ambition of the Orthodox societies in the Balkans and Eastern Europe to strengthen through various means their ethnic and religious identity in the context of the fierce political and confessional confrontation with the Catholic world of Western Europe. Also highlighted is the need for the research of medieval polemical texts to embrace the archaeological, ethnological and folkloristic evidence, which would allow us to clarify the sources and trends in the development and transformation of the key features of the identity of Slavic Orthodox societies during the Middle Ages and Modernity.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2014, 4; 125-139
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some Anti-heretic Fragments in the 14th Century Bulgarian Canon Law Miscellanies
Autorzy:
Tsibranska-Kostova, Mariyana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682152.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Bulgarian anti-heretic texts
Canon Law miscellanies
Medieval Heresies
Orthodox- Catholic relations
Second Bulgarian Empire
Opis:
It is well known that the major anti-heretic written source from the Second Bulgarian Empire is the Tsar Boril’s Synodicon, proved to have been compiled to serve the Synod against the Bogomils, convened in Tărnovo in 1211. However, the subsequent century is also marked by the anti- heretic line in various types of manuscripts which shape the image of the so called Second Golden Age of the Bulgarian literature and culture. The reign of John Alexander (1331–1371) is reputed to be the richest period of compiling miscellanies – encyclopedic, ascetic, and monastic, or for individual reading of the royal family and court. An important account of them is the manuscripts of legal content which vary from functional guides with Canon Law rules to complex compilations of material from diverse sources. They deserve to be investigated not only as a part of the cultural system but also as principal evidences how the mechanism of regulation in the tripartite relationship Law- Society-Culture has functioned. The latest discoveries and the up to day of the catalogued database of Slavonic manuscripts in the Bulgarian repositories and the Russian libraries proved the undisputable role of the Middle Bulgarian written tradition as transmitter of the official attitude against every deviation from the Orthodoxy in three main areas: 1. the traditional so called Christological heresies; 2. the heterodox dualist doctrines of Manicheans, Massalians and Paulicians, including Bogomils; 3. the Latins.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2014, 4; 261-275
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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