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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Englisch mead, Polnisch miód und Hochdeutsch Met aus der historisch-vergleichenden Perspektive
    English mead, Polish miód and German Met from a historical and comparative perspective
    Autorzy:
    Rychło, Mikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/679661.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Slavic-Germanic cognates
    diachronic analysis
    sound change
    contrastive analysis
    relic
    Opis:
    The paper presents a diachronic analysis of Polish miód ‘honey’, English mead and German Met ‘mead’ conducted according to a new approach to contrastive studies.Taking into account potential cognates in other languages, the work aims to investigate the evolution of the common ancestor word *medh-u- in two lines of development: the Slavic leading to modern Polish, and the Germanic leading to modern English and High German. In order to understand these branching paths, the pertinent sound changes have been identified, which transformed the common proto-form. These developments are illustrated with further examples and, in the summary, ordered chronologically. The paper also discusses an old compound *medvědь (Polish niedźwiedź), which can be considered a taboo designation for a bear, and contains also the root *medъ ‘honey’.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica; 2018, 14; 57-65
    2449-6820
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czarownice i nekromantki w kulturze starożytnych Germanów
    Witches and necromancers in the culture of ancient Germans
    Autorzy:
    Kowalski, Andrzej Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/679645.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Germanic women
    witches
    female necromancers
    symbolism of grave and death
    archeology of the Goths
    Opis:
    In the culture of the ancient Germans, women were of high rank. This was especially true of the prophets. Some of them, for example Veleda, Völva, Valuvurg, were named after the Indo-European root *h2wel-. It meant active vision, giving knowledge about the future. This root lies in the names of poets, deities of death and the land of the dead. Necromancers were also active among the Germans. They were called haliurunnae among the Gothic tribes. Their Proto-Germanic term *haljarūnō is applied to knowledge of the secrets associated with graves and of the goddess Hel. The article presents the hypothesis that these female necromancers dealt with the magic of graves and bodies of the dead. Their divination and magic had a “material” aspect. According to Jordanes, these witches were persecuted. The practices associated with the goddess Hel were dark and carried out in secret. Perhaps a vestige of the actions of these witches are tombs which have been destroyed, violated and disturbed. We know them from the area of cultures which have been identified with the Goths, of which Jordanes wrote. At the time, the prophetesses, such as Veleda, were acting officially. Their divination was more ‘spiritual’. Therefore, they were accepted and were found in the company of the Germanic chiefs.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica; 2018, 14; 139-151
    2449-6820
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dwie germańskie nazwy śledzia
    Autorzy:
    Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036130.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    etymology
    Finno-Ugric borrowings
    fish terminology
    Germanic vocabulary
    language contact
    marine animals
    Northern Europe
    Proto-Indo-European
    Uralic languages
    Opis:
    The paper discusses the origin of two Germanic terms for ‘Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L.’. The Proto-Germanic noun *siled- m. ‘herring’, attested in most North Germanic languages (e.g. ON. sild, Far. síld, OSv. sild, Sv. sill, Norw. sil), cannot be treated as inherited. It seems to represent a Saami (or Laponian) borrowing, cf. Saa. (Northern) sâlled, (Lule) sallēt ‘herring’ < Proto-Saami *silä-tɜ ‘herring’ (orig. ‘fat fish’) < Ur. *śilä ‘fat, grease, esp. fish grease’). The competing Germanic appellative *hēringaz (< *hairingaz) m. ‘Clupea harengus L.’ is well-attested in the West Germanic languages (cf. E. herring, Du. haring, G. Hering), as well as in Romance (cf. It. arenga, Fr. harenge, Prov. arenc, Sp. arenque). It cannot be excluded that the Old Frisian word hēreng represents the original source of the European borrowing. The word in question is a Proto-Germanic innovation derived from the adjective *hairaz ‘gray’ by means of the common suffix *-ingaz, cf. the two old appellatives *bukkingaz m. ‘hot-smoked herring’ (< PG. *bukkaz m. ‘he-goat’) and *hwītingaz m. ‘whiting, the marine fish Merlangius merlangus L.’ (< PG. *hwītaz adj. ‘white’).
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica; 2020, 15; 9-18
    2449-6820
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Distribution of Word Classes in Old English and Old High German: A Preliminary Contrastive Study Based on<i>The Battle of Maldon, Hildebrandslied</i>and<i>Ludwigslied</i>
    Autorzy:
    Kamińska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620697.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    word classes distribution
    Old English
    Old High German
    West-Germanic
    contrastive analysis
    distribution of pronouns
    distribution of prepositions
    subject omission
    inflectional vs. analytic
    Opis:
    This paper presents an example of a historical study based on comparable corpora. It aims to analyse and compare the distribution of different parts of speech in Old English and Old High German, thus providing a quantitative basis for further conclusions concerning different patterns of the development of those two West-Germanic languages. A particular attention has been devoted to the frequencies of prepositions and pronouns, as there are considerable differences between the languages in this respect. In addition, the article is a an attempt to show the importance and relevance of computational data for contrastive historical linguistics and their role in supporting or disproving traditional theories.
    Źródło:
    Research in Language; 2007, 5; 135-146
    1731-7533
    Pojawia się w:
    Research in Language
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ostrogi krzesłowate w okresie wpływów rzymskich – stan i potrzeby badań
    Chair-shaped Spurs in the Roman Iron Age – The State and Prospects of Research
    Autorzy:
    Smółka-Antkowiak, Emilia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682027.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    okres wpływów rzymskich
    młodszy okres przedrzymski
    ostrogi
    ostrogi krzesłowate
    Celtowie
    Trewerowie
    Germanie nadłabscy
    kultura wielbarska
    kultura przeworska
    ostrogi kabłąkowe
    Roman Iron Age
    early Pre-Roman Iron Age
    spurs
    chair-shaped spurs
    Celts
    Treveri
    Elbe Germanic
    Wielbark culture
    Przeworsk culture
    bow-shaped spurs
    Opis:
    In the Roman Iron Age can be observed the development of spurs production by the barbarian communities in Central Europe. Spurs were disseminated by Celts, then were gladly used and modified by local people. Their initial form were certainly bow-shaped spurs. But there were also chair-shaped spurs, which were derived from bow-shaped form. Through the work of numerous researchers we have more and vaster, but still incomplete knowledge about these monuments. With a high degree of certainty we can talk about development of forms of these monuments. Their development from bow-shaped forms perfectly shows spurs with three circular plates, so called Dreikreisplattensporen. First items of this type come from the fifth / fourth decade of the first century BC, which makes them the oldest form of rivet spurs. Their genetic zone is connected with area occupied by the Celtic tribe of Treveri. They are therefore not, as previously thought, germanic, but celtic product. However, thanks to the Elbe Germanic these spurs disseminated in the area covered by the settlement of tribes belonging to the Germanic circle of civilization. However, must be noted that in Treveri area at the same time we have to deal with three wholly distinct communities – Terveri (Celts), Suebi (Germans) and Romans. So it is not obvious who had the idea to initiate production of rivet spurs. Detailed analysis of these early forms of spurs, could bring measurable effects for our understanding of real origin of this monuments. It could also help to point trails which these monuments were further redistributed into the Germanic zone, and thus also the areas of the Polish lands. From the land occupied by the Przeworsk culture, there are two specimens of so called Dreikreisplattensporen, from Korytnica, grave 4 and Zakrzewo, grave 14. They can be classified as a Geoblingen-Thür type by Bockius. They are found mainly in Treveri area, but similar also occur in the area of the Grossromstedt culture. Here are considered as the imitation rather than Celtic import. The issue of provenience of these spurs is still unresolved. In the Roman Iron Age significantly increased the number and diversity of chairshaped spurs produced in the Germania Magna. Their development during this period is no doubt related to the germanic communities, which inhabited the area extending along an axis running from the Jutland Peninsula to the Elbe River basin, where these monuments are the most common. An interesting phenomenon is the presence of imitation parts of chair-shaped spurs observed in the bow-shaped spurs. Such similarity is visible between the chair-shaped spurs with highly separate prick and bow-shaped spurs of Wielbark culture. In conclusion, currently, despite the existence of several separate classifications of chair-shaped spurs, using them is significantly hampered. These difficulties are due to e.g. no longer current findings. This is caused by increase of data base or deficiencies such as the presentation of incomplete catalog. Difficulties in classifying stem not only from restrictions on the use of existing typologies, but also from a large variety of chairshaped spurs. Correct classification of these monuments, the ability to precisely determine their chronology and the creation of their full catalog is the basis for comprehensive research, covering the entire area of distribution of chair-shaped spurs. They would give the opportunity to lead the direction of the distribution of spurs; trails, which reach among others on the Polish lands. This research would show the directions of interregional contacts. Next step would be thinking of which social processes led to the dissemination of this type of findings on the Elbe and southern Scandinavia areas and further spreading of such spurs in the East. 
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    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2016, 31
    0208-6034
    2449-8300
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sobre los factores externos e internos de la penetración de los germanismos en la península ibérica
    On the External and Internal Factors of the Penetration of Germanic Loans in the Iberian Peninsula
    Autorzy:
    Nowikow, Wiaczesław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2230998.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-12-16
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    łacina
    Półwysep Iberyjski
    hiszpański
    zapożyczenia germańskie
    sposoby przenikania
    zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne czynniki
    cechy strukturalne i leksykalno-semantyczne
    Latin
    Iberian Peninsula
    Spanish
    Germanic borrowings
    routes of penetration
    external and internal factors
    structural
    lexical and semantic features
    latín
    península ibérica
    préstamos germánicos
    factores externos e internos
    características estructurales y léxico-semánticas
    caminos de penetración
    español
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to define, delimitate and explain the most important external and internal factors of the penetration of Germanic elements (mainly Visigothic) in the Iberian Peninsula, with special attention to the V–VIII centuries. The author analyses the political and linguistic situation in the Iberian Peninsula and indicates the textual sources of the above-mentioned period. He also makes some observations regarding the routes of penetration and presents some structural, lexical and semantic features of the Germanic borrowings. In his final remarks the author comments on the difference between direct and indirect loans and points out the possibility of the interaction between different external and internal factors, for example, phonetic, lexical and semantic changes connected with the evolution wisa > guisa.
    Źródło:
    Collectanea Philologica; 2022, 25; 95-104
    1733-0319
    2353-0901
    Pojawia się w:
    Collectanea Philologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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