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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 104
Tytuł:
The European Union’s Relations with Greenland
Autorzy:
Tomala, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Greenland
European Union
international relations
Opis:
Greenland has a special relationship with the European Union due to its link with the Kingdom of Denmark – Greenland’s mother country. As a result, Greenland shares some parts of the EU’s internal market via association agreements. Greenland, has become a meeting place of American, European and Asian interests in the Arctic. It is therefore essential that the EU doesn’t lose the North and keeps strengthening its relationship with Greenland. After having focused its attention on the East and the South, it is high time that the European Union looks further North, notably through a more ambitious Arctic Window in its Northern sphere of influence.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2017, 20, 1; 31-46
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Growing Importance of the Financial Sector in the Founding Countries of the European Union
Autorzy:
Florczak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022746.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
financialization
financial sector
European Union
Opis:
The economies of the 21st century countries operate on the principle of connected vessels. A significant element of changes in economies is the growth of the financial sector. The process of financial sector growth is often referred as financialization. The significant impact of this sector on economic development was shown during the financial crisis of 2008. Financialization is more visible in highly developed countries. Undoubtedly the founding countries of the European Union belong to highly developed countries. It is possible that the financialization is higher in bigger countries like France, Germany, Italy or United Kingdom, which can also have bigger financial sectors. From the other side there is also country, which economy is based on banks. The aim of the article is to indicate the growth of the financial sector in the founding countries of the European Union. To determine the growth of the financial sector, the author used the indicators appearing in the literature of subject. There are indicators relating to functioning of the economy and banking sector. The second method helps to determine in which country financialization is higher. To made the research there was used zero unitarization method. The results of the study allows to determine in which of the subjects the financial sector is at a higher level of development. It is possible, that during researched period there were changes in financializiation of researched countries.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2020, 2, 26; 37-49
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Europeanness: A Path To Unity Within The European Union
Autorzy:
Piasecki, Ryszard
Woroniecki, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/632990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
European Union
integration
human dimension
European education
Opis:
The postwar experience has shown that the implanting of European consciousness, or Europeanness, calls for coordinated efforts among the European institutions, national states, and NGOs. Such consciousness, a key pillar of the European integration, is necessary for the EU to effectively function and motivate member states’ − also the EU’s − citizens. And yet European institutions and EU governments show little interest in promoting the formation of this European consciousness. Pro-European social movements are weak, while anti- European ones gain strength. This désintéressement of the EU countries probably results from the conviction that the goal has been reached and that there is no more need for a widespread pro-European education of their societies. However analysis of the problem, and in particular of the interaction between European and national identities, shows that this is not the case. We fear that this lack of proactive measures mobilizing EU citizens to keep on struggling for a common Europe will lead to the erosion of existing achievements of integration within the EU, and undermine European values. It may threaten the future of the EU, which is not an ordinary integration grouping but a great peaceful, civilizational, social and economic project. Our hypothesis − positively verified in this article − is that the promotion of Europeanness in the EU societies is urgently needed to maintain the unity (and even membership) of the Union, and to avert trends unfavorable for all of Europe and therefore for the West as a whole.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2016, 19, 1; 45-63
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Union as a Global Economic Power
Autorzy:
Mucha-Leszko, Bogumiła
Twarowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
European Union
economic growth
productivity
global position
Opis:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the EU economic position in 1995–2014 as well as the prospective growth potential in the global dimension up to 2025. The subject of the research is real and projected data including: GDP growth rate, main growth factors (labour, labour productivity and Total Factor Productivity), and their input to GDP growth, as well as data showing public debts and budget deficits. The analysis was conducted for the years 1995–2014 and 2015–2025. The authors' basic conclusions are: 1) the technological and economic gap between the European Union and the United States has been deepening; 2) the increasing polarisation of world economic powers and low GDP growth in the European Union limit the EU’s chances of maintaining the position as the second centre in the world economy; 3) improving the situation in public finances in the European Union as compared to the US is a factor which could raise GDP growth rates in European countries, however, there are countries whose future is in doubt due to the dramatically poor state of public finances, such as Greece, Italy, Portugal or Ireland; 4) economic growth forecasts indicate a deepening of the economic gap between the largest EU countries and the US.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2016, 19, 3; 27-44
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Countering Radicalisation of Muslim Community Opinions on the EU Level
Autorzy:
Zięba, Aleksandra
Szlachter, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Radicalisation
De-radicalisation
Terrorism
European Union
Strategy
Opis:
The paper explores selected factors influencing the process of radicalisation leading to the use of political violence and terror by the Muslim minorities living in the European Union member states. Internal and external catalysts conditioning this process and methods of their analysis have been presented. The second section examines various counter-radicalisation and de-radicalisation efforts of the EU. The authors analysed the multidimensional European Union policy in the area of counteracting radicalisation for empowering the population and member states in preventing the radicalisation and recruitment to terrorism and emphasising the role of social partners and local authorities. Also, the promotion of good practices for combating radicalisation, developed under the auspices of the multidisciplinary Radicalisation Awareness Network (RAN) is presented.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2015, 17; 119-144
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przedsięwzięcia ze wsparciem funduszy Unii europejskiej w małych miastach województwa pomorskiego
Projects Co-Financed with European Union Funds in Small Towns of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Autorzy:
Sołtys, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
European Union funds
European Union projects
Pomeranian voivodeship
small towns
fundusze unijne
małe miasta
projekty unijne
województwo pomorskie
Opis:
Przedmiotem prezentowanych badań są projekty wspomagane środkami Unii Europejskiej realizowane w latach 2007–2013 w małych miastach województwa pomorskiego w ramach: Celem badań jest identyfikacja struktury rodzajowej wspieranych funduszami unijnymi, ich rozkład przestrzenny oraz określenie zależności pomiędzy wielkością pozyskanych środków UE a potencjałem demograficznym, położeniem oraz statusem miasta.
The subject of the presented research was projects co financed with European Union funds realised in years 2007–2013 in small towns of Pomeranian Voivodeship. Projects which were included belong to three programmes: Innovative Economy Programme, Infrastructure and Environment Programme and Regional Operational Programme. The aim of the researches was study of the structure of projects according to its kind and town division. The other aim was to test if quantity of funds depend from the number of inhabitants, location and status of town. There are not many actual relations between this features. Projects concerning transformation of public spaces were systematised and analysed in more detail.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica; 2014, 18
1508-1117
2353-4826
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ inwestycji z dofinansowaniem unijnym na rozwój przestrzenny w wybranych miastach aglomeracji łódzkiej
The influence of investment with European Union funding on spatial development in selected cities of Łódź Agglomeration
Autorzy:
Durecka, Izabela
Durecki, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
rozwój przestrzenny
przestrzeń publiczna
fundusze Unii Europejskiej
inwestycje unijne
european union funds
european union investment
spatial development
public space
Opis:
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest poznanie i opis zmian zachodzących w przestrzeni kilku małych miast aglomeracji łódzkiej, jakie nastąpiły wskutek zrealizowania wybranych inwestycji wykonanych przy pomocy funduszy unijnych, a także krótka ocena wpływu tych inwestycji na stan środowiska i rozwój przestrzenny miasta. W efekcie przeanalizowano w pięciu miastach: Ozorkowie, Konstantynowie Łódzkim, Łasku, Głownie i Strykowie inwestycje, które w sposób bezpośredni lub pośredni związane są z przestrzeniami publicznymi. W artykule zostały one omówione w podziale na następujące kategorie: inwestycje związane z rekreacją i wypoczynkiem, inwestycje związane z układem komunikacyjnym, inwestycje związane z gospodarką wodno-ściekową, inwestycje związane z infrastrukturą techniczną (drogi i gospodarka wodno-ściekowa). Wszelkie realizowane inwestycje powinny mieć pozytywny wpływ na rozwój przestrzenny miasta przyczyniając się do zapewnienia ładu przestrzennego i zrównoważonego rozwoju miasta.
The purpose of this article is to identify and describe changes occurring in the space of a number of small towns in Łódź agglomeration, which have resulted from realization of selected investments made with the help of EU funds, as well as a brief assessment of the effect of these investments on the environment and spatial development of the city. Investments which are directly or indirectly related to public spaces have been analyzed in five towns: Ozorków, Konstantynów Łódzki, Łask, Głowno and Stryków. They are divided into the following categories: investments related to recreation and leisure, investments related to the communication system, investments related to water and sewage management, investments related to technical infrastructure (roads and also the water and sewage system). All the investments should have a positive influence on the spatial development of the towns, which will help to ensure their spatial order and sustainable development.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica; 2015, 19
1508-1117
2353-4826
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
(Nie)Etyczna Unia Europejska na Bałkanach
(Un)Ethical European Union in the Western Balkans
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
European Union
Balkans
High Representative
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Opis:
Although all the Western Balkan countries have been offered the prospect of European Union (EU) membership, the accession process still constitutes a complicated and multi-aspect challenge. EU support and engagement in the region have resulted in a few successes, nonetheless, describing them as major breakthroughs is far from the reality. Since the establishment of the Dayton Agreement in 1995, ending the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, most of the Balkan states have not managed to accomplish their political, ideological and civic transformations yet. However, the difficult situation and frequent negotiation stalemates are not only the outcomes of the unsatisfactory progress made by the Peninsular countries. Ambiguous and unethical (in some cases) behaviour can also be noticed from the EU decision-makers’ side. The following article aims to present concrete examples of EU external policy actions in Bosnia and Herzegovina which can be described as controversial. However, the author attempts to prove the thesis that unethical external policy is not always a zero-sum game, and in particular circumstances it can be paradoxically perceived as the best solution. Taking into consideration the comprehensiveness of the problem and editorial limitations, the analysis focuses on activities of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, who used to be (during four out of seven tenures) the EU Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2013, 16; 125-130
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional Concentration and Specialisation in Agricultural Activities in EU-9 Regions (1950-2000)
Autorzy:
van Leeuwen, Eveline
Strijker, Dirk
Terluin, Ida
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-05-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
regions
agriculture
economic development
European Union
concentration
specialisation
Opis:
Both traditional (von Thünen) and modern (Hayami & Ruttan, Krugman) theories on land use suggest that productions with a high value added per unit of land tend to be located near urban centres. In this article it is tested to what extent these theoretical findings are confirmed by empirical data on agricultural land use and production for the EU-9. The focus is not only on the degree of concentration and specialisation, but also on their development over time. Growth and decline of agricultural productions are here related to the degree of rurality. It is found that high value productions indeed tend to be located in urban regions. It is also found that most specialisation patterns that already existed in 1950 are even stronger in 2000.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2010, 17, 1
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wage Flexibility across EMU Members: How Endogenous is the Currency Union?
Autorzy:
Buscher, Herbert
Gabrisch, Hubert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/659699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
convergence
wage dynamics
European Union
cross section estimates
Opis:
Abstract. The authors test whether the introduction of a common currency and the single monetary policy in the European Monetary Union might have increased the need for nominal wage flexibility. They try to find out whether wage dynamics between euro member countries became more synchronized through the adoption of the common currency. They run a model of endogenously induced changes of bilateral correlation coefficients of wage dynamics, where trade intensity, sector specialization and financial integration are assumed to be the driving forces for endogeneity on the labor markets. They use a panel data structure to allow for cross-section weights for country-pair observations. Regressions are with instrument variables in order to disentangle exogenous from endogenous influences. They apply these techniques to the dynamics of nominal wages, real wages and unit labor costs. They find evidence of persistent asymmetries in nominal wage formation, despite a single currency and monetary policy, which is responsible for diverging unit labor costs and emerging trade imbalances among the EMU member countries.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2010, 241
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Standard Of Living In The European Union
Autorzy:
Wawrzyniak, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/632984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
standard of living
European Union
multidimensional comparative analysis
Opis:
The European Union countries are diversified in terms of the standard of living of the population. The reduction of disparities in the standard of living, along with the elimination of the negative phenomena related to social exclusion form an EU policy priority. In this context, the aim of this article is to compare the standard of living in the various European Union countries and to determine Poland’s position in the ranking. In the study, countries with a similar standard of living of their populations were grouped as well. The analysis was based on 10 variables describing the standard of living in the EU-28 countries and was conducted with the use of the development pattern method proposed by Z. Hellwig. According to the results of the research, the standard of living is the highest in Austria, Finland, Germany and Sweden, whereas it is the lowest in Spain, Malta, Croatia and Romania. Poland ranks relatively low among the European Union countries (20th place).
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2016, 19, 1; 141-155
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Financial Markets and the Challenges of Sustainable Growth
Autorzy:
Janicka, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/974065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
financial market
European Union
sustainable growth
environmental measures
Opis:
Sustainable growth and responsibility for the economy and the environment are postulates rarely associated with the term “financial market”. Financial markets are identified with the ruthless maximisation of profit at acceptable risk, rather than with socially responsible conduct. However, in the global economy businesses modify their priorities and become aware of not just the need to grow in financial terms but also to improve their quality performance. International financial markets have become part of this trend and are increasingly often adopting environmentally friendly attitudes and embracing the challenges posed by the concept of sustainable growth. Ideas such as CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility – and SRI – Socially Responsible Investment are gaining in importance. While sustainable growth of the economy as perceived from the point of view of the manufacturing or service sectors is widely discussed, the sustainable growth of financial markets is a relatively new concept and the available literature on “green” financial markets is quite scarce. This paper is intended to fill in this gap and examine the changes that have taken place on financial markets in the context of the idea of sustainable growth, with particular attention paid to the European Union markets.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2016, 19, 2; 27-41
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Union’s Activity in Regard to the Conflict in Ukraine Before the 2014 Presidential Election
Autorzy:
Rulski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
European Union
Ukraine
European Neighborhood Policy
association agreement
presidential election
Opis:
Ukraine is the largest country that is included in European Neighborhood Policy. That is why the European Union should spotlight relations with this eastern partner, especially by foreign policy instruments like association agreement. The focus here is on the EU’s involvement in the Ukrainian crisis in period from Maidan revolution at the end of 2013, which was occasioned by the rejection of the association agreement with the EU by President Viktor Yanukovych, and to the presidential election in 2014. The main issue is to evaluate the EU’s scope to stabilize the political environment in the nearby neighborhood and eliminate threats, which are the results of war between Ukraine and Russia.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2016, 18, 2
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Rise of Right-Wing Extremism in European Union
Autorzy:
Stevkovski, Ljupcho
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Right-wing extremism
European Union
Western Balkan
European enlargement process
Opis:
It is a fact that in the European Union there is a strengthening of right-wing extremism, radical right movement, populism and nationalism. The consequences of the economic crisis, such as a decline in living standards, losing of jobs, rising unemployment especially among young people, undoubtedly goes in favor of strengthening the right-wing extremism. In the research, forms of manifestation will be covered of this dangerous phenomenon and response of the institutions. Western Balkan countries, as a result of right-wing extremism, are especially sensitive region on possible consequences that might occur, since there are several unresolved political problems, which can very easily turn into a new cycle of conflicts, if European integration processes get delayed indefinitely.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2015, 17; 43-57
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Value Added Tax in European Union Countries - Comparative Analysis
Podatek od wartości dodanej w krajach Unii Europejskiej - analiza porównawcza
Autorzy:
Dobrowolska, Bogusława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
European Union
indirect taxes
VAT
Unia Europejska
podatki pośrednie
Opis:
The tax system of the European Union is not coherent, since it consists of twenty five national tax systems of the individual member states. The extraordinary importance of adaptation measures with regard to VAT results from at least a few reasons. Reason number one is the fact that it constitutes an efficient, dependable and very stable source of income for the national budgets in all EU member states. The second reason is the key role of this tax as a primary instrument of ensuring proper conditions for the free movement of goods, services and capital on the European Common Market based on rules of fair competition. The third reason are the manifold non-fiscal effects this tax brings about both for business entities and natural persons/households. The present work is devoted to the function of VAT in European Union countries. A detailed analysis of the rate structure and the VAT objective scope, as well as the importance of this tax for the budget income of the Community states has been performed.
System podatkowy Unii Europejskiej nie jest systemem jednolitym bowiem składa się z dwudziestu pięciu krajowych systemów podatkowych państw członkowskich. Wyjątkowa waga działań dostosowawczych w sferze podatku VAT wynika z kilku co najmniej powodów. Pierwszym jest fakt, że jest on wydajnym, pewnym i bardzo stabilnym źródłem dochodów dla budżetów krajowych we wszystkich państwach członkowskich UE. Drugim jest kluczowa rola tego podatku jako głównego instrumentu zapewniającego warunki swobodnego, opartego na zasadach uczciwe konkurencji przepływu towarów, usług i kapitału na wspólnym rynku europejskim. Trzecim powodem są wielorakie pozafiskalne skutki, jakie ten podatek wywołuje zarówno dla podmiotów gospodarczych, jak i osób fizycznych oraz gospodarstw domowych. Niniejsza praca poświęcona jest problematyce funkcjonowania podatku VAT w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Szczegółowej analizie poddana została struktura stawek i zakres przedmiotom podatku VAT oraz znaczenie tego podatku dla dochodów budżetowych państw Wspólnoty.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2008, 223
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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