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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Przełomy oświeceniowe w polskiej kulturze politycznej w drugiej połowie XVIII w.
    Les tournants dans la culture politique polonaise dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siécle
    Autorzy:
    Szczygielski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16648102.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1985
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    Il y eut deux tournants dans la culture politique de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Le premier lut initié au début de cette période par ainsi nommée La Famille (les Czartoryski et Stanislas Auguste Poniatowski). Les élites éclairées (le monarque et les magnats éclairés) se rendaient compte que la possibilité d'exercer le pouvoir constructif en Pologne et de développer le pays dans tous les domaines dépendait de la collaboration authentique, "en partenaire" du pouvoir central avec la noblesse moyenne, de la cour royale avec la diète, et plus précisément, avec la Chambre, de députés, à la base de la réalisation du programme dirigé contre les magnats. Las élites éclairées ne réalisaient que partiellement l'intérêt de la noblesse moyenne au détriment de celui des magnats. En majeure partie la souveraineté du pouvoir était en main du roi ou dos magnats éclairés. Les élites éclairées tondaient, en dehors du développment de la République, à assurer aux magnats se modernisant l’initiation politique, économique et culturelle dans le pays. Ce qui caractérisait l'idéologie des élites éclairées, c'étaient la compréhension universelle, à l'exemple de l'Occident, du progrès et la tendance de transplanter les modèles étrangers dans notre pays. Le système de la protection étrangère décida de l'épuisement des possibilités réformatrices du premier tournant. Dans cette situation un aute tournant surgit. Celui-ci portait les traits du siècle de lumières, mais il était aussi républicain. Ses idéologues principaux étaient: Stanisław Staszic et Hugo Kołłątaj. Ils avaient formulé la doctrine de la culture républicaine moderne, la doctrine qui domina le deuxième tournant. Portant le caractère de projection par rapport à la noblesse moyenne et dirigé contre les magnats, elle formulait l'idée du rapprochement de la noblesse et de la bourgeoisie et accentuait le problème de la souveraineté de la Réqublique. Ce tournant commença à jouer un role décisif dans la vie de la nation et du pays pendant la Grande diète.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 1985, 22; 21-43
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Z dyskusji parlamentarnej nad powołaniem Komisji Wojskowej w początkach obrad Sejmu Wielkiego
    From the parliamentary discussion on the establishment of the Military Commission at the beginning of the debates of the Great Sejm
    De la discussion du parlament sur la vocation de la Commission Militaire au début de débats de la Grande Diète
    Aus der Parlamentsdebatte über Berufung der Militärkommission in der Anfangsphase der Beratungen des Großen Reichstags
    Autorzy:
    Szczygielski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22865400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    In October and at the beginning of November 1788 in the Sejm there was a debate on the abolition of the Military Department of the Permanent Council (dependent on Russia) and the establishment of the Military Commission. During the debate two visions of the Military Commission emerged. The dominating one was the concept promoted by the Puławy party and the independence-oriented deputies. According to this concept the Military Commission was an institution connected with the reformist roots of "The Family" from 1764. This vision of the Military Commission appealed to the gentry because it realised the concept of the democratic (civic) state referring to the emancipation and anti-magnate tendencies of the provincial gentry. The other concept of the Military Commission was formulated by the royal party in order to keep the Permanent Council and the Military Department. It was a vision of the Military Commission which was temporarily (in the years 1775-1776) dominated by hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki and which, as a result, was treated as an institution allegedly susceptible to hetman's influence. Finally, the concept of the Military Commission promoted by the Puławy party and the independence-oriented deputies won. The parliamentary debate ending in the abolition of the Military Department and the establishment of the Military Commission (during the session of 3rd November 1788) shows how close the Enlightenment breakthrough initiated by "The Family" in 1764 was to the landed gentry (prevailing in the Sejm).
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2009, 8, 2; 63-97
    1644-857X
    2450-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polskie priorytety sejmowe w reformie ustroju państwa w okresie Oświecenia (1764–1792)
    Polish Seym Priorities in the Reform of the State’s Political System during the Enlightenment (1764–1792)
    Polnische parlamentarische Hauptziele der Reform des Staates in der Zeit der Aufklärung (1764–1792)
    Les priorités de la Diète polonaise en reforms d’état dans l’époque des Lumiéres (1764–1792)
    Autorzy:
    Szczygielski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22883072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    The fact that since the beginning of the 16th centuty the Seym had been playing a dominant role in the political life of the Commonwealth caused that the reform of the State's political system had to be initiated by the Seym thus making its leading position in the State even stronger. About the middle of the 18th centuty due to the limited sovereignty of the Commonwealth and the opposition of Russia it was not possible to carry out a global reform of the Seym. In order to overcome liberum veto in 1764 the Family resorted to a substitute solution and applied the principle of general gentty confederation to the Seym (confederated Seym taking decisions by majority vote). On the other hand, due to Russia's consent it was possible to introduce fundamental reforms of the executive power in the form of "Seym sections", which reflected the structure of the Seym. These "Seym sections" were of two types: either they had the form of coliegiate administration governing bodies or the Permanent Council. They consisted of senators, gentty who were not senators and representatives of the King (ministers) or even the King himself. These "Seym sections" were, as the gentty saw it, executive organs replacing the Seym. Collegiate administration governing bodies, promoted by Czartotyscy since 1764, functioned independently from each other and were subordinated only to the Seym. These collegiate bodies broke the almost unlimited prerogatives of ministers (one-man offices).they enabled the enlightened landed gentty to really participate in the State's administration. they embodied the principles of democratic State in the awareness of the gentty. The Permanent Council (from 1775), whose supporter was the King, had a centralized character and realized the vision of a state with a strong governmental-administrative centre. The gentty decided that the collegiate administration governing bodies are better suited to the model of the gently's Commonwealth than the Permanent Council. Fundamental reforms of the State's political system were carried out by the Great Seym (1788-1792), which made Poland independent of Russia's domination. It was a confederated Seym, which elevated the enlightened middle gently to the position of the real sovereign of the Commonwealth thus making them more inclined to reach reformist political compromise with the Puławy party (at the beginning of the Seym) and with the King (in the second stage of the debates). At the beginning of the debates a compromise between the gently parliamentary formation and the Puławy party was made. The essence of this compromise was that the Seym which was currently in session was to become the permanent governing Seym (combining legislative and executive powers and permanently in session) Just as the gentry wanted and according to the future constitution it was supposed to be the ready Seym (always ready to be convened in definite circumstances and consisting of the same members elected every two years) as the Puławy party wanted. This compromise paved the way for Montesquieu's separation of powers in the future constitution. In the second stage of the debates the gently parliamentary formation reached a reformist compromise with the King. The essence of this compromise was that the gentry accepted the decision making prerogatives of the Guardians of Law and thier controlling function in reference to the whole administration (contrary to the Puławy party according to whom the Guardians were supposed to have only a supervisory role). The King, on the other hand, accepted the sovereignty of the Seym and the autonomy of the collegiate administration governing bodies functioning independently from each other and not directly included in the structure of the government as the gently and Puławy party wanted.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2006, 5, 2; 29-72
    1644-857X
    2450-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    W kręgu idei narodowego monarchy
    Dans le cercle de lidée du monarque national
    Autorzy:
    Szczygielski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729084.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1986
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 1986, 26; 17-42
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    U progu przełomu politycznego w obradach Sejmu Wielkiego w początkach drugiej połowy roku 1790
    On the threshold of political breakthrough in the debates of the Great Seym at the beginning of the second half of 1790
    An der Schwelle einer politischen Wende in den Debatten des Grossen Reichstags am Anfang der 2. Hälfte des Jahres 1790
    Sur le point de faire une percée politique pendant les débats de la Grande Diète au milieu de 1790
    У порога политического перелома в работе Великого сейма в начале второй половины 1790 года
    Autorzy:
    Szczygielski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/968216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    In 1790 there was a political breakthrough in the debates of the Great Seym. It was marked by: a crisis of social trust in the Potocki family, the gentry’s support for the king, taking over the initiative to draft the constitution by Stanisław August. From the very beginning of 1790 the Potocki family were more and more often accused of oligarchic tendencies and an attempt to seize the control of the country for their own benefit. On the other hand, joining the Polish-Prussian alliance by Stanisław August (March 1790) made the king more and more popular both in the Seym and in the provinces. The king, having definitely rejected the pro-Russian orientation, started to be perceived by the landed gentry as a much more reliable advocate for the democracy of the gentry than the Puławy party. A special role in the breakthrough mentioned above and in taking over the con- stitutional initiative by the king was played by the elite of the gentry who wanted to shape the Commonwealth following the model of the leading free states of the contemporary world. The article looks at the parliamentary sessions that were held in August 1790. It is during these sessions that for the first time the gentry presented, as strongly as never before, their critical attitude towards the Potocki family showing at the same time their support for the king. The August parliamentary sessions became the announcement of the political breakthrough in the seym debates which was about to happen. This breakthrough came in the first half of September 1790 when Stanisław August received the right of nomination for the highest offices, contrary to the initial intention of Ignacy Potocki (session from 13th September 1790).
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2014, 13, 1
    1644-857X
    2450-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Debata parlamentarna nad wyłonieniem składu Komisji Wojskowej w grudniu 1788 r.
    Autorzy:
    Szczygielski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/689808.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Komisja Wojskowa
    Sejm Wielki
    Rzeczpospolita w XVIII w.
    Opis:
    Thanks to electing its members (on 22nd December 1788) the Military Commission took over the real power over the army. Overthrown during the parliamentary session of 3rd November 1788, the Military Department of the Permanent Council finally stopped functioning. During the December debate the deputies, who slightly outnumbered the senators, tried to increase their majority in the Seym. In the confederated Seym the votes of deputies and the votes of senators carried the same weight and consequently the result of parliamentary voting depended on the overall counting of all the votes. That is why the problem of deputies’ representation in the Seym was a matter of great significance. In order not to decrease the number of deputies it was decided that the current deputies would not become the members of the Commission (there was a fear that the deputies involved in the work of the Commission might neglect their duties as members of Parliament). At the same time the gentry aimed at increasing their majority in the Seym by excluding from the parliamentary debates those senators who would be elected for the Commission. However, this initiative failed due to the strong opposition of the senators. Instead, the senators suggested that the deputies’ majority in the Seym should be increased directly by increasing the number of deputy seats. The deputies accepted this proposal. For the time being it was not put into practice yet. However, the December debate lay foundations for the compromise between the gentry and the senators concerning preserving the senators’ legislative rights within the framework of the “two-chamber” Seym.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2011, 10, 1
    1644-857X
    2450-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pamięci profesora Zbigniewa Kuchowicza (1927-1991)
    Autorzy:
    Janczak, Julian
    Szczygielski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/688420.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1993
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 1993, 49; 3-6
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Działalność dydaktyczno-wychowawcza
    Autorzy:
    Szczygielski, Wojciech
    Trzcińska, Eleonora
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/688096.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1988
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    Materiały statystyczne z Archiwum Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (dalej AUŁ), Dziekanatu Wydziału Filozoficzno-Historycznego UŁ oraz Dziekanatu Studium Zaocznego Historii UŁ do niniejszego opracowania zebrali mgr Katarzyna Jedynakiewicz i mgr Rafał Stobiecki.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 1988, 31
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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