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Wyszukujesz frazę "Bieńkowski, A." wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Tytuł:
    Rolnictwo polskie. Na drodze do gospodarki rynkowej (studium teoretyczno-empiryczne)
    Polish Agriculture in Transition to a Market Economy (Theoretical-Empirical Study)
    Autorzy:
    Bieńkowski, Andrzej
    Greta, Maria
    Łyczek, Wiesław
    Puliński, Włodzimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904761.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1993
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    The study is an attempt at a scientific reflection on transformations and functioning of the Polish agriculture during the process of transition to a market economy (covering the period since 1989). It has been based on theoretical and empirical research on this subject carried by the authors for several years now. The study consists of an introduction and four chapters. Generally speaking, they deal with the analysis and evaluation of experience of agricultural farma (family and atate-owned) operating in changing economlc-political conditions and the atate agricultural policy. Against this background, the authors analyte the Impact of various measures on efficiency of farming activity, directions and forms of transformations, adaptation stimuli and barriers, development dilemmas, etc. The operation of agricultural farms over the last three years has been an object of a most detailed analysis due to radicalization and acceleration of systemic transformations of the Polish economy. Apart from its analytical stratum the study contains also numerous recommendations concerning the principles of elaborating the agricultural policy.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 1993, 134
    0208-6018
    2353-7663
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Caught in a Matrix of Factors: A Pilot Study of Female Retirees Receiving Below-Minimum Pension Payments
    Autorzy:
    Bieńkowski, Stefan
    Życzyńska-Ciołek, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32222605.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Below-Minimum Pension
    Retirement
    Employment Career
    Life Course Approach
    Polska
    Opis:
    Pension systems based on an insurance model were originally designed for male breadwinners who worked under permanent contracts without career breaks. Since their inception, women’s participation in the workforce has increased significantly, but on average, their employment career paths are still shorter and less linear compared to those that men enjoy. Demographic changes have prompted many countries to reform their pension systems to ensure long-term financial sustainability. And to varying degrees, such reforms also have looked to address the issue of short careers. In Poland, reforms introduced in 1999 brought about significant changes to the rules governing pension entitlement. That led to the emergence of a new category of retirees—those who had contributed to the pension system for a short period and consequently received very low pensions. This article provides an overview of an exploratory qualitative pilot study conducted in 2018 with nine women who were in receipt of benefits from the Polish universal pension system, which amounted to less than the so-called ‘lowest retirement pension’ being granted at that time. The analysis makes recourse to the concept of employment career and its connection to retirement to identify various life-course determinants that contributed to their situation. These factors include childhood and adolescent adversities that affected educational attainment; domestic and caregiving responsibilities coupled with cultural expectations and insufficient institutional support; the labor market situation, and the inability to document certain employment periods. The research material indicates that a significant portion of the work performed by the interviewees throughout their lives did not translate into a pension benefit, as it either involved unpaid domestic and caregiving duties; or work performed without formal contracts.
    Źródło:
    Qualitative Sociology Review; 2023, 19, 3; 52-72
    1733-8077
    Pojawia się w:
    Qualitative Sociology Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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