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Tytuł:
Kilka uwag na temat średniowiecznego Osieka w Gdańsku
A few remarks about medieval Osiek (Hakelwerk) in Gdańsk
Autorzy:
Maciakowska, Zofia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Gdansk
Osiek
the Middle Ages
settlement
Radunia Channel
Opis:
What remains of Osiek [Hakelwerk], which in the past was an independent borough of the city of Gdansk, is only the name of the street. Relatively little is known about its history and the territory which it occupied, for there are few preserved documents mentioning it. In 1402 the Teutonic Knights exchanged land with the inhabitants of Osiek. In exchange for the territory situated along “nue gasse”, which is now Stolarska street, the inhabitants of Osiek received a square located near the Teutonic tannery and a place to keep boats and dry nets (“Schild”). Additional information about the territory granted to them may be found in a document from 1425. Details included in both documents hardly correspond to the completely altered topography of this part of the city. The area north of Osiek street (Hakelwerk) and east of Panienska street (Jungfergasse) was considered to be designed for settlement. The island of Brabank was to become the now lost “Schild”. The location was first indicated by Gustav Köhler. The results of archeological research conducted in the years 2007 and 2011 between Panieńska street and Osiek allow us to question the hitherto established findings. Near the crossroads of both streets a tannery built at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries was discovered. It was situated at a channel which does not exist any more. Its location indicates that the area designed for settlement is most likely to have been between Panienska street and Browarna street in the vicinity of the now non-existent Podzamcze street (Burggrafen) and Osiek street. The second element of the layout – “schild” – could have been located at the mouth of the Wiadrowniki Channel up to “Stara Radunia” on the western side of the channel.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2015, 80, 2; 55-76
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Where Was the Home of the Livonian Merchant? Early Urban Mobility in the Baltics
Autorzy:
Selart, Anti
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1160802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Hanseatic League
Livonia
social relations
migrations in the Middle Ages
Opis:
Medieval Livonia and its town life were created in the 12th and 13th centuries as a result of crusading conquests. Livonian urban elites immigrated mostly from German lands. A small number of people of indigenous origin were also integrated into the emerging merchant class. Besides merchants who settled down in Riga, Tallinn, Tartu, or in other towns in the region, travelling merchants from the western part of the forming Hanseatic area played an important role in the urban life and even in the urban administration. On the basis of anthroponyms and geographical identifications of medieval townspeople, the author of the article argues that the migration patterns were not limited to immigration from Germany to Livonia. The social and spatial integration of this region resulted from multiple ways of travelling and relocation: people also returned to Germany or remained simultaneously connected to several places and sometimes remained permanently mobile. Early Livonian merchants could also be mobile within the area including minor towns and even rural places. Not only the “Germans”, but also people of native origin were involved in these movements. The family networks in particular supported multiple spatial identifications. An economically active person could have many places of identification; moving from one town to another during a lifetime was the rule, not an exception. However, the existing network of family and kinship relations, which provided trustworthy partners in the vast area from Westphalia to Livonia, was probably one of the main factors which made German merchants enjoy an advantage over their Scandinavian and Livonian native counterparts.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 1; 43-66
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dienerzy w służbie zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach w drugiej połowie XIV – pierwszej połowie XV wieku. Liczebność, utrzymanie, zakwaterowanie
Dieners in the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the Second Half of the 14th Century – the First Half of the 15th Century: the Group Size, Maintenance, Accommodation
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Middle Ages
topography
Teutonic castles
Prussia
servants
the Teutonic Order
Opis:
In the late medieval Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia dieners were people who came from knightly families (not infrequently from beyond the territory of Prussia) and were maintained by Teutonic dignitaries and officials (they were provided with accommodation, food, clothes and pay) in exchange for the diplomatic, military-knightly and courtly service (the participation in military actions, the manning of castles, transporting information, the defence of envoys and guests, the examination of the territory occupied by the enemy, the participation in corteges, etc.). In the first half of the 15th century (the available data refers only to this period of time), every high Teutonic official, commander and Vogt had even a few dozens of dieners at their disposal, except extraordinary situations such as the manning of frontier castles in Klaipėda and Dybów. In the whole territory of the Teutonic State in Prussia there might have been about 450–500 dieners at that time. The source analysis conducted here which concerned the castles in Malbork, Świecie, Elbląg and Brandenburg allow us to state that dieners were provided with the accommodation in the buildings situated in the outer wards of the castles. They were given rooms (chambers) exclusively for their use or individual rooms in infirmaries of dieners/servants. As may be inferred from the relatively numerous sources in the Malbork castle they were accommodated on the ground floor in the southern part of the eastern wing of the first internal ward, in the infirmaries next to the Church of St. Lawrence (the southern wing of the first internal ward). In Konigsberg the solution was quite exceptional. Dieners residing there were allowed to have their residential space within the outer wards of the castle (which cannot be proved), but the infirmary where they resided was situated in the territory of the so called wolnizna [Burgfreihei], in the north of the north-east part of the outer ward.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 1; 7-37
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Topografia i układ przestrzenny krzyżackiego zamku komturskiego w Toruniu w świetle średniowiecznych źródeł pisanych
Topography and spatial layout of the castle of the Teutonic commander in Toruń in the light of the medieval written sources
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Trupinda, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Middle Ages
medieval architecture in Prussia
the Teutonic Order
Prussia
Teutonic castles
castle
Opis:
The information included in the medieval written sources enrich our knowledge about the Toruń castle destroyed in 1454. The construction of the part of the defensive walls (made from stone?) lasted at least from 1255. In 1262 the stronghold in its original form had been already erected. In the subsequent years (1263) works took place to construct its interiors (at least a chapel located on the first floor in the eastern part of the southern wing). The main octagonal tower situated in the northern part of the courtyard of the High Castle was frequently mentioned in the medieval written sources (starting from 1381). However, it must have been erected earlier. The information about buildings located beyond the space of the High Castle is particularly interesting. The buildings included the „gemach” of the commander (with a chapel, refectory and a kitchen) in the northern part of the western outer bailey, the „gemach” of the castle’s commander – probably in the vicinity (it was created later – after 1409) and the „summer house” („somerhaws”) with the „summer hall” („aula estivalis”) existing since at least the 1380s and situated in the southern part of the western Low Castle. Among other buildings recorded in the medieval written sources there were also the „gemach” of the Teutonic head of the mint („Münzmeister”) located next to the western defensive wall of the Low Castle; the „gemach” of the steward of Königsberg (Kaliningrad, Russia) mentioned from the end of the 14th century and situated probably in the western part of the Low Castle; the building of the infirmary which might have been located in the north-east part of the Low Castle. In the topography of the castle there were also outbuildings. For example, at least two mills were situated within the defensive walls probably in the eastern part of the Low Castle. To sum up, the medieval written sources present a picture of a complex construction of the Toruń castle.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 3; 7-35
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z badań nad biografiami członków warmińskiej kapituły katedralnej w pierwszym okresie jej funkcjonowania(do połowy XIV wieku)
From the research on biographies of members of the cathedral chapter of Warmia (Ermland) in the first stage of its functioning (until the mid-14th century)
Autorzy:
Krajniak, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
history of the Church
the Middle Ages
Prussian dioceses
Warmia (Ermland)
the cathedral chapter
prelates and canons
Opis:
The article presents the results of the research on the careers of twelve clergymen who became members of the Warmia cathedral chapter in the first century of its existence. The author discusses the careers of two bishops from Warmia [Ermland] – Eberhard von Neisse and Johann von Meissen along with the careers of other clergymen who also held important positions in the Church beyond the Warmia canonry (parish priests, canons of other chapters, workers in the chancery of grand masters). Thanks to a wide range of sources and studies along with the reanalysis and reinterpretation of the sources already known, we have managed to establish new facts and eliminate old inaccuracies which had for decades been present in historiography.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2015, 80, 1; 65-83
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konflikt karczmarza z Myszewa z radą Starego Miasta Elbląga. Przyczynek do autonomii prawno-ustrojowej miast w Prusach na początku XV wieku
The Conflict of the Owner of an Inn in Myszewo [Mausdorf] with the Council of the Old City of Elbląg [Elbing]
Autorzy:
Czaja, Roman
Tandecki, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the history of Elbląg
the Teutonic Order
the political system of Prussian towns
the Middle Ages
governing groups
Opis:
The article is devoted to the conflict between Peter Steynort, a miller from the Dzierzgoń [Christburg] commandry and the inhabitants of the Old City of Elbląg in the years 1411–1412. The details of the conflict are known from the claim put forward by Steynort to the Grand Master. In the first part of the article the conflict is described against the legal and political conditions in Elbląg at the beginning of the 15th century, while the second part includes the edition of the source. In June 1410 Peter Steynort purchased on credit an inn in the village of Myszewo [Mausdorf] situated in the patrimony of the Old City of Elblag. A month later the inn was burnt down by the Lithuanian-Ruthenian troops taking part in the siege of Marlbork [Marienburg]. In March 1411 Peter Steynort returned to Myszewo, but refused to pay off 140 marks for the inn and two hides of land saying that the commander had not agreed to the transaction.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 2; 201-226
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Symboliczne znaczenie ornamentów źródeł ruchomych z wybranych zamków zakonnych. Przyczynek do dalszych badań nad religijnością krzyżacką w średniowiecznych Prusach
Symbolic Significance of Portable Ornaments from Selected Teutonic Castles. Contribution to Further Research on Teutonic Religiosity in Medieval Prussia
Autorzy:
Szczupak, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Teutonic Order
Teutonic castle
the Middle Ages
religiosity
Malbork
Toruń
Elbląg
refectory
architectural detail
sculpture
Opis:
Medieval religiosity was manifested primarily through the worship of relics and individual saints, organisation of prayers, funding the purchase of candles, reading pious literature, and belief in miracles and epiphany. The knowledge on the subject has been provided through the studies of various medieval written sources and decorative elements in the representation rooms of Teutonic castles, which have survived to this day. Historical materials discovered during archaeological research, and renovation and maintenance works constitute equally important sources for exploring the issue of religiosity among the members of the Teutonic Order. Previously, they had not been analysed in this regard, which prompted the author of the article to put this topic under consideration, based on the example of selected discoveries made in several castles in the area of the former State of Teutonic Order in Prussia. Both the form and ornamentation of the archaeological materials may have referred to the piousness of Teutonic Knights, as indicated by the symbolic significance of the images in question, which are accepted by Christianity. Most depictions were found on the surface of architectural details from church interiors or refectories in high castles. The ornaments on their surfaces made references primarily to the figures of Mary and Christ, as well as to the apostles and parables from the Gospel of St. Matthew. At times, they may also have acted as reminders against the evil that threatened the souls of the brethren.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 4; 69-96
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opisy granicy państwa zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach z Księstwem Słupskim z XIV i XV wieku
Descriptions of the Boundaries of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia with the Duchy of Słupsk of the 14th and 15th Centuries
Autorzy:
Długokęcki, Wiesław
Simiński, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Prussia
the monastic state
the Pomeranian-Teutonic boundaries
the Late Middle Ages
Opis:
The edition presents the sources concerning the borders between the Duchy of Słupsk and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia of the 14th and 15th century. The basis for the edition are records included in the boundary book – the so called Grenzbuch B with the entry number OF 270a preserved in XX. Hauptabteilung in the Secret State Archive in Berlin-Dahlem. Among the published sources, texts no. 3, 6, 7 were edited by Reinhold Cramer, but they fail to include the dates (no. 6, 7) and the explanations of topographic names appearing in them. The remaining texts were not published (no. 1–2, 4–5, 8–12). The first group of sources (no. 1–4) was written in the period from the second half of the 14th century to the beginning of the 15th century. The second group of descriptions (no. 507) resulted from the circuit [Polish: ujazd] around the boundary by the Gdańsk commander Albrecht, earl von Schwarzburg of the end of 1405. They were included in the introductory Pomeranian-Teutonic border agreement of 14 October 1407, next in the sealed agreement of 23 September 1408. The creation of the third group of descriptions (8–9) should be associated with Teutonic preparations to the arbitration agreement in front of the Roman and Hungarian king Sigismund of Luxembourg, and with the activity of the sub-arbiter Benedict Makrai in the years 1412–1413. The last group of descriptions (no. 10–12) was created in the situation of the conflict concerning the establishment of the border between the Człuchów commandry and the Szczecinek land in the vicinity of Dołgie Lake in 1417. None of the published sources presents the whole Pomeranian-Teutonic border from the estuary of the river Łeba to the Baltic Sea in the north to Lędyczek in the south, but its individual fragments. Description no. 1 includes the description of the border between the Człuchów commandry / the Tuchola commandry and the Kingdom of Poland. In source no. 2 there is a list of arbitrators from the Pomeranian party and the Teutonic party negotiating the border between the villages of Oskowo and Siemirowice / Unieszyno. The information about informer and arbitrators may be found in source no. 3 (both the Pomeranian and Teutonic parties) and no. 4 (the Teutonic party). Each of the published descriptions is characterized by precision and plethora of topographic names. They should be used for the analysis of the problem of shaping and functioning of the border between the Duchy of Słupsk and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the context of the political and economic situation on the Pomeranian-Teutonic borderland in the Late Middle Ages.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 2; 169-206
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
(Wild)haus w Bezławkach (Bayselauken, Bäslack) – uwagi na temat budownictwa warownego zakonu niemieckiego w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
(Wild)haus in Bezławki (Bayselauken, Bäslack) – remarks on the construction of fortifications of the Teutonic Order in late medieval Prussia
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Late Middle Ages
late medieval Prussia
Warmia (Ermland)
castles
construction of fortifications
the military affairs in the Late Middle Ages
conflicts
Opis:
The article constitutes a collection of remarks concerning military aspects of the construction and functioning of the Teutonic Order’s castle in Bäslack (Bayselauken, Bezławki) in the last decades of the 14th century. Considerations included in the article refer to opinions expressed by the authors of the collective monograph about the late medieval settlement complex in Bezławki published in 2013. It presents the findings of archeological research in the castle and the village in the years 2008–2012. Remarks presented in the article concern three out of six problems which are considered the most essential. While it goes beyond doubt that the castle played an important defensive role and fulfiled function as a getaway spot, the hypothesis of it being a „fortified camp” for the army troops during military actions of the Teutonic Order against the Lithuanians and Ruthenians has been undermined. It is not possible to consider it to play a military role on a strategic level, as do the authors of the monograph of 2013. In the second part of the article the author undermines the hypothesis about the „system” character of the complexes of fortifications situated on the eastern outskirts of Prussia. If the castle in Bäslack was indeed part of some defensive system, this could operate only on the local level and consist of an insignificant number of elements including longitudinal fortifications constituting the so called „landwere”. The next issue addressed by the author was a problem of the typological character of the term „wildhaus”. As in the 14th century the term connoted the location of the fortification on the edges of the Wildniss-areas, the author shows a far-reaching morphological diversity of fortifications on the eastern outskirts of Prussia, which were or could be classified as „wildhaus”. Thus, a „wildhaus” cannot be classified as a morphological type of a fortification. The typology of fortifications based on the morphological criteria cannot be connected with the typology based on the administrative and terminological criteria. Archeological examination of the Bäslack fortification complex evinces its major cognitive potential and makes us aware of how little is known about the functioning of minor fortifications in late medieval Prussia. Further research in this research field belongs to one of the most important elements of historical science in the Prussian regional dimension and related humanities.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 7-46
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biskupi i krzyże. Tak zwany epizod szczeciński krucjaty połabskiej (1147) w relacji Wincentego z Pragi
Bishops and Crosses: the So-Called Szczecin Episode of the Polabian Crusade (1147) in the Account by Vincent of Prague
Autorzy:
Górski, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1055025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Middle Ages
crusaders
Polabian Slavs
Szczecin
Duke of Pomerania Ratibor
Saint Otto of Bamberg
Bishop of Pomerania Adalbert/Wojciech
Bishop Anselm of Havelberg
Bishop Henryk Zdík
Opis:
Half a century after the first crusade, the fall of the County of Edessa (1144) became an impulse for the second crusade. During the announcement of the crusade in the German territories, an alternative project of an expedition against pagan Polabian Slavs was created. It had a much more limited range and it was carried out in the summer of 1147. The Saxon troops took part in it, under the commandment of the Saxon duke Henry the Lion, the Margrave of the Northern March Albert the Bear, Archbishop Frederick of Magdeburg and Bishop Anselm of Havelberg. Danish, Burgundian, Moravian and Polish military units cooperated with them. One of the crusade armies, fighting with the Lutici, came to Szczecin. The army withdrew from there after the arrangement with the Pomeranian bishop Adalbert (=Wojciech?) and the Duke of Pomerania Ratibor. The only source discussing this episode is the account of the Bohemian chronicler Vincent of Prague, for whom the Bishop of Moravia Henryk Zdík, one of the leaders of the crusade, was probably the source of information. The aim of the article is to analyse this account – first of all, to show the role played by the figures of the Saxon bishops and the Pomeranian bishop in Vincent’s narrative. The article draws attention to the supposed reasons for their being displayed at the expense of the wealthy laity: it is the social identity of the chronicler, but above all the image of the confrontation of bishops as a clash of different approaches to Christianity existing in the Church. In comparison with the curt account of Annales Magdeburgenses about Ratibor’s commitment to support Christianity (1148), the significance of the figure of Saint Otto of Bamberg as a pioneer of the Christianization of Pomerania is underlined. Next, some of Vincent’s statements are exposed in the context of criticizing the unsuccessful Levant crusade in order to capture narrative patterns. Another motif is the exhibition of crosses as a manifestation of the Christian faith. The exposal of the symbol of the cross by the inhabitants of Szczecin, bearing the marks of a war trick – the crusaders themselves used this sign – is also juxtaposed with the display of the banner of Svetovit in Arkona besieged by the Danes (1168). It could also be used to get Christians’ God to restore peace. The second sign of the Christian character of the place is the very presence of the clergy in the person of Bishop Adalbert.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 3; 7-32
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Qui bona fide a non domino emit. Digesta justyniańskie jako prawny punkt odniesienia w sporze gminy miejskiej z władcą zwierzchnim w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
Qui bona fide a non domino emit: Justinian’s Digest as the Legal Reference Point in the Conflict between the Urban Municipality and its Ruler in Prussia in the Late Middle Ages
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Late Middle Ages
Prussia
the Teutonic Order
Elbląg
towns
Roman law
conflicts
Opis:
The article addresses the conflict generated in the last decade of the 13th century between the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order and the city of Elbląg. The analysis of the preserved sources allowed us to show the dynamics of the conflict, in which the authorities of Elbląg appealed not only to Canon law, but also to the norms of Roman civil law included in the Digesta (Pandects) of Justinian. It was an untypical conduct for then Prussian circumstances. On 16 August 1300 in Paris, the authorities of Elbląg obtained a legal interpretation concerning several controversial matters issued by two well-known lawyers – the advisor to King Philip IV of France, Pierre de Belleperche and Hugo de Besancon. The ruling was based on the interpretation of the sentence by Ulpian Domitius (Digesta 32,2,13). One of the problems addressed in the interpretation was the range of the military duties falling to Elbląg’s burghers regarding the Teutonic Order. The authorities of Elbląg endeavoured to find a legal explanation to support their negative attitude towards the Teutonic Order’s new practice of summoning new military contingents from the city of Elblag to take part in military activities undertaken by the Teutonic Order in the remote eastern edges of the Prussian Land. The legal opinion issued by both lawyers from Paris was favourable for the inhabitants of Elbląg, as it was stipulated that any decision about summoning was the jurisdiction of the Schultheiß (scultetus) elected by the city council. It is difficult to establish what the actual role of the opinion issued by the Paris lawyers was in the conflict between Elbląg and the Teutonic Order, but the mere fact that Elbląg’s burghers’ asked these lawyers in Paris for help indicates that the inhabitants of Elbląg at the end of the 13th century were not only affluent merchants, but also people with an ambition to exercise power. Such ambitions were supported by the authorities of the city, characterised by wide intellectual and cultural horizons. The actions undertaken by the inhabitants of Elbląg addressed in the article remain one of the very few examples of recourse to the ancient system of Roman law in a conflict concerning a particular local law (in this case the law of the city of Lübeck).
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 3; 7-30
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zur Diskussion über das Wismarer Verfestungsbuch 1353–1430
A Contribution to the Discussion on the Wismar Register of the Proscribed of 1353–1430
Autorzy:
Jeziorski, Paweł A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197812.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
court records
urban justice
late Middle Ages
Wismar
proscription
registers of the proscribed
Opis:
The presented text is a contribution to the discussion on the latest edition of the Wismar register of the proscribed from 1353–1430, published in 2019, and a thematically related collection of studies entitled Verfestungen, Stadtverweisungen, Urfehden. Kriminalität und ihre Ahndung in mittelalterlichen Hansestädten am Beispiel Wismars. The paper draws attention to those research issues that have been omitted or insufficiently highlighted in the mentioned studies. In this regard the article mentions the rules for freeing oneself from proscription, the erroneous equation of proscription and banishment, and the means of deleting entries in registers of the proscribed. It was also noted that deleted entries generally occur in the most recent sections of registers of the proscribed. Their absence usually signals the sections of records from more distant times that have lost their relevance and thus no longer needed to be edited on an ongoing basis. Moreover, the article emphasises the need for research into such issues as the social composition of the proscribed who appeared in the Wismar register, as well as their victims, female criminality, cases of relapse into crime among the proscribed, and the subsequent fate of such ‘recidivists’, or the attitude of municipal authorities to crimes committed against the representatives of the broadly understood social margin. When researching these issues, the comparative perspective should be broadened to include registers of the proscribed from late medieval towns in the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order state in Prussia.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 2; 117-131
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe ustalenia w zakresie funkcji i wystroju empory kościoła pofranciszkańskiego w Toruniu
New Findings Concerning the Function and the Furnishing of the Matroneum in the Post-Franciscan Church in Torun
Autorzy:
Jakubek-Raczkowska, Monika
Raczkowski, Juliusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059242.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
middle ages
franciscans
torun
church of the assumption of the holy virgin mary in torun
matroneum
wall paintings
Opis:
The article addresses the original function of the matroneum in the former Franciscan Church of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin Mary in Torun. These remarks are the result of the latest discoveries and technological research. The matroneum, situated above the cloister in the northern nave of the church, was built during the reconstruction of the church to its present form. Based on a dendrochronological examination, the matroneum was secured with a wooden railing in the 1350s and later. Due to a lack of written sources, the functions of the matroneum are not determined in scholarly publications. It may have been used as an oratory for friars. The authors analyse the architectural shape of the matroneum, take into account its original communication with the church and monastery and the remains of its furnishing. The study of the architectonic structure and the staircase that now leads from the nave to the matroneum allows to determine that it was constructed only in the eighteenth century. In the Middle Ages, the matroneum was connected to the monastery through a passage that is now bricked up, and to the ground floor of the church it was connected through an older, thirteenth-century staircase tower. A convenient, direct communication between the matroneum and the dormitory, the fact that the monastery was not directly connected to the presbytery, and the fact that the church choir was rebuilt at the end of the fourteenth century reinforce the theory that the matroneum was used for liturgical purposes. The authors also discuss the previously unknown polychrome relics inside the matroneum. These are, respectively, a relic of a fourteenth-century heraldic representation with the head of an ox and a remnant of a figural scene on the northern wall from the last quarter of the fourteenth century. Both paintings have been subjected to in-depth research, including non-destructive methods (XRF, UV and IR). The first of the paintings, probably the coat of arms of a burgher family, may be a proof that the laymen had access to the interior of the matroneum. The second painting reinforces the assumption of the authors regarding the liturgical use of this place.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2020, 85, 1; 163-186
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W sprawie proponowanych nowych ustaleń na temat kościoła pofranciszkańskiego w Toruniu
On the Proposed New Findings Regarding the Post-Franciscan Church in Toruń
Autorzy:
Nawrocki, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Toruń
Middle Ages
Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Toruń
Franciscans
matroneum
organ
Protestants
wall paintings
communication within the church
Opis:
The text constitutes a commentary on the text by Monika Jakubek-Raczkowska and Juliusz Raczkowski, published in Zapiski Historyczne, with regard to the dating of the final expansion of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Toruń to the present form, which extended the church to include the earlier southern wing of the monastery. Based on various evidence (including information that King Casimir the Great is reported to have listened to the organ allegedly located in the northern matroneum of the completed church in 1343), the above-mentioned authors put forward the hypothesis that the expansion may have been carried out in the first half of the 14th century, that the church had already had its present-day three-nave structure, and that the two analysed fragments of paintings, which are located in the niches of the northern wall of the matroneum, are part of a once large composition related to its medieval function within the church. The author of this commentary upholds the findings of his own research published in print in 1966, that the final expansion of the church took place in a later period, while the paintings of the presentday matroneum, analysed by Monika Jakubek-Raczkowska and Juliusz Raczkowski, did not ornament the matroneum, but a room or rooms upstairs in the monastery’s south wing.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 3; 123-132
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Titles, Seals and Coats of Arms as Symbols of Power and Importance of Lithuanian Dukes before the Union of Lublin
Tytuły, pieczęcie i herby książąt litewskich jako symbole władzy i znaczenia przed unią lubelską
Autorzy:
Rogulski, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
middle ages
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
parallel branches of a ruling house,
dukes
demonstration of power
titulature
sigillography
heraldry
Opis:
Titles, seals and coats of arms of Lithuanian dukes have not been hitherto the subject of interest of historians as this issue was mainly addressed marginally in the studies on the symbols of power of Grand Dukes of Lithuania, particularly Jagiellons. Owing to the considerable number and diversification of dukes living in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania prior to the Union of Lublin, the article focuses on the analysis of titles, seals and coats of arms used by the Gediminas family and their descendants. In the period under discussion the dukes played a major social and political role, particularly at the end of the 14th century and at the beginning of the 15th century since they ruled their own feudal duchies and cooperated (or competed) closely with the Grand Duke. Although in the 15th century they lost their political sovereignty and became part of the class of landowners, they continued to keep many privileges and still played a major role in political and social life, particularly in their provinces. Enjoying the authority and extensive influence, the dukes generated the set of symbols of power and importance, which is worth examining. The analysis of the most representative monuments shows that titles, seals and coats of arms constituted a kind of indicator reflecting the social status and the position of the Gediminas family in the country: different symbols defined the rank of the Gediminas family as feudal dukes, and different symbols referred to their position as wealthy landowners. Both in the first and second situation, the dukes were capable of using the symbols in such a way so as to create their propaganda image and express far-reaching political aspirations. The symbolism of grand dukes, in particular one of the Jagiellons, was available to the dukes and they willingly used it. The fact of being inspired by the monarch’s symbols seems to differentiate Lithuanian dukes from other branches of the ruling European dynasties. It may mean that dukes considered the fact of being related to grand dukes rather than their wealth to be the source of their power and importance.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 1; 97-129
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 18

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