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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Jezuici prowincji litewskiej wobec epidemii dżumy z lat 1708–1711
    Jesuits of the Lithuanian province in the face of the epidemic of plague in the years 1708–1711
    Autorzy:
    Mariani, Andrea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193950.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    the Society of Jesus
    contagious diseases
    the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    the 18th century
    the Great Northern War (1700–1721)
    Opis:
    The article presents the activity of the Jesuits during the epidemic of plague in the Rzeczpospolita during the Great Northern War. The author concentrates mainly on the Lithuanian province of the Society of Jesus, where the epidemic caused the highest number of deaths. Against the description of the structure of the personnel and the issue of the mortality rate among the monks prior to the outbreak of the epidemic, the author characterizes the variety of activities undertaken by the Jesuits. On the one hand, the aim of the Jesuits’ activity was to fulfill the mission of the Society, which consisted in providing spiritual and material help to fellow human beings. On the other hand, the aim was to protect the material and human resources of the Society. In the face of the epidemic most members of the Society left the college to seek shelter in one of the estates belonging to the Jesuits. Several Jesuit monks decided to stay to serve the sick monks and the inhabitants of the town who were unable to escape. According to the hierarchy of values of the Jesuits and the laudatory topic a appearing in the home chronicles, the death of those Jesuits was presented as the achievement of the highest good. The Jesuits paid a high price for their material and spiritual involvement - the consequences of the epidemic continued to be visible many years after the outbreak of the plague.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 65-104
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Z Torunia do Wilna podróż króla Stanisława zimą 1708 roku
    From Toruń to Vilnius: the Journey of King Stanisław in the Winter of 1708
    Autorzy:
    Dygdała, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194227.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Masovia
    Podlachia and Lithuania during the Great Northern War
    King Stanisław Leszczyński
    travel conditions in Poland in 1708
    Opis:
    The article discusses the journey of King Stanisław Leszczyński from Toruń, which he left on 10 Jan 1708, to Vilnius, where he arrived on 22 March 1708. The journey to Lithuania was forced by the Swedish sovereign Charles XII, who was accompanied by Leszczyński from the autumn of 1706. The question is whether the journey of King Stanisław launched in the winter of 1708 was a rational decision. It strengthened the position of Leszczyński in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Still his position predominantly depended on the Sapieha family, who were supported by Charles XII. During his few personal meetings with Charles XII, Leszczyński failed to convince Charles XII to approve of his political concepts. It still remained unknown whether the Polish monarch should accompany Charles XII in his journey into Russia or whether he should return to Poland and try to appease people at home. The closest collaborators of King Stanisław were sceptical (with the exception of the Sapiehas) of the political and military plans of Charles XII; they also disapproved of the conduct of the Swedish troops in Poland. The Swedes treated Poland as a conquered state imposing very high contributions and induced the delivery of food and pasture for horses.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 2; 85-99
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Oblężenie i kapitulacja twierdzy Kokenhauzen (2–7 X 1700)
    The Siege and Capitulation of the Kokenhausen Fortress
    Autorzy:
    Trąbski, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    the Great Northern War
    Livonia
    Kokenhausen
    early modern military art
    siege
    capitulation
    August II Wettin
    Adam Heinrich von Steinau
    the year 1700
    Opis:
    The conquest of the Kokenhausen Fortress in October 1700 was the last act of an eight-month campaign conducted by the army of August II in the territory of Swedish Livonia. After the disgrace related to the premature abandonment of the siege of Riga (the main target of this campaign), it was a significant military and political success. Kokenhausen could have been a convenient bridgehead for the Saxon troops on the right bank of the Daugava River and a potential operational base to launch military operations in the Swedish province in the spring of the following year. At the same time, the conquest of this fortress made it possible to use the Daugava River to transport heavy cannons and ammunition from the Russian border to Riga. In addition, this success could be used for propaganda purposes. Tsar Peter I received the confirmation that August II had maintained the anti-Swedish alliance, thanks to which in Warsaw it was possible to strive for Poland’s joining the war against Sweden. In the publications devoted to the Great Northern War the information on this event is mostly scarce, and often contradictory, making the image of the siege and capitulation of the Kokenhausen Fortress look unclear and raise doubts. The reason seems to be the lack of information from a direct source, and the authors’ reliance on indirect sources (e.g. press coverage). Below, a new attempt to present the circumstances of the conquest of Kokenhausen by the army of August II will be presented; it was prepared primarily on the basis of a letter written in the Saxon army camp on 9 October 1700, probably by the court treasurer Atanazy Miączyński, and works of two French historians: Pierre Massuet – Histoire des rois de Pologne, et du gouvernement de ce Royaume […] and Jean-Baptiste de Parthenay – History of the reign of the Polish king Frederic August II […], which come from the 1730s.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 3; 59-82
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kaprzy Augusta II Wettina w latach 1700–1701 w świetle nieznanych szwedzkich poloników wojennomorskich
    Privateers of Augustus II in 1700–1701 in the Light of the Previously Unknown Polish Maritime Warfare Sources from Sweden
    Autorzy:
    Kuczyński, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388100.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Great Northern War (1700–1721)
    privateer fleet
    navy
    Augustus II
    Polska
    Saxony
    Courland
    Livonia
    the Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    During the war with Sweden in Livonia in 1700, Augustus II decided to call up his own privateer flotilla. The most information about its activities can be found in the legacy of the Swedish commissioner in Gdańsk, Per Cuypercrona, kept at the Riksarkivet in Stockholm. In the late 1700s and early 1701s, he reported to Charles XII on the activities of the Polish privateers from the base in Puck. The first researcher to study this issue was Przemysław Smolarek in the 1950s. He concluded that the establishment of the flotilla in the autumn of 1700 was not part of a broader policy, but an ad hoc decision prompted by the withdrawal of the Danes from the Northern War as a result of the Peace of Travendal. However, Smolarek did not manage to access all records related to privateers, including copies of privateer patents issued by Augustus II and the Saxon resident in Copenhagen, Johann de Schade. Another analysis of Cuypercron’s legacy led to their discovery. The purpose of the article is to discuss and analyse the aforementioned materials. According to these sources, the establishment of the privateer flotilla by August II took place earlier, on 15 August 1700, i.e. before the Danish surrender, and the main area of their activity was the coasts of Courland and Livonia.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 1; 5-23
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Saksonia, Rzeczpospolita i Szwecja a koniec wojny północnej (1721–1732)
    Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden and the End of the Great Northern War (1721–1732)
    Autorzy:
    Kosińska, Urszula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913257.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Augustus II the Strong
    Frederick I of Sweden
    Great Northern War
    Treaty of Nystad
    diplomacy
    eighteenth century
    Opis:
    Diplomatic negotiations aimed at ending the Great Northern War, conducted by Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, which in the years 1721–1732 were formally still in conflict despite the Treaty of Nystad concluded by Sweden and Russia in 1721, have not yet been analysed from the perspective of Saxon and Polish diplomacy. The aim of this article is to examine this process, mainly in the light of primary sources of Saxon origin. Contrary to the popular belief that the many years of neglect to solve this issue were due solely to the weakness of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the author proves that there were many other factors involved. Some of the most important ones involved different political interests of the Commonwealth, Saxony and Sweden, and the changing international circumstances, including alliances, in the years 1721–1732. The article also presents how the original form of the peace agreement was developed. Instead of the signing of a peace treaty, it resulted in an exchange of royal letters between Sweden and, respectively, Saxony in 1729 and the Commonwealth in 1732. They included a declaration to ‘restore the old friendship’. Such a form of peace agreement, whose aim was to bypass Russian mediation, became the source of a common misconception that the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not a party in the Great Northern War.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 4; 29-54
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Access to the Sea and the Imperial Ambitions of Peter the Great
    Autorzy:
    Anisimov, Evgenii V.
    Lewandowska, Aleksandra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913267.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Peter the Great
    Charles XII of Sweden
    Great Northern War
    Russian Empire
    St Petersburg
    Baltic Sea
    Congress of Åland
    Treaty of Nystad
    peace negotiations
    imperialism
    Opis:
    Access to the Baltic Sea was the main initial goal of Russia’s participation in the Great Northern War (1700–1721). This military involvement was primarily due to the personal motives of Peter the Great, however, numerous different factors also played an important role. The foundation of St Petersburg, making it the capital city, and fortifying it with a defensive system was aimed at securing the Russian control over the mouth of the Neva. The military operations and diplomatic efforts undertaken by Russia in 1702–1709 were aimed exclusively to maintain access to the sea. At this time, Russia was ready to agree to the peace terms which were to grant it only the old Russian provinces of Ingria and Karelia. However, after the victorious Battle of Poltava of 1709, Peter the Great developed imperial ambitions. Under the pretext of ensuring the security of St Petersburg and ensuring Russia’s access to the sea, the Russians captured Swedish lands in the Eastern Baltic and Finland, and then annexed most of these territories. At the same time, Russian diplomacy constantly ensured of its readiness to conclude peace, but these attempts were rejected by the Swedes. Ten years of warfare and destructive raids on the coastal regions of the Kingdom of Sweden forced the Swedes to negotiate. The Treaty of Nystad of 1721 not only ended the war between Russia and Sweden, but it also became the starting point of the extraordinary development of Peter the Great’s imperial ambitions. Russia entered the world of great European and global politics as an empire, as an aggressive state of despotic character.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 4; 5-27
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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