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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Devices for modern vacuum heat treatment
    Autorzy:
    Korecki, M.
    Brewka, A.
    Wołowiec-Korecka, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379303.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
    Tematy:
    heat treatment
    vacuum heat treatment
    furnace
    carburizing
    quenching
    low pressure carburizing
    nitriding
    advanced vacuum applications
    obróbka cieplna
    próżniowa obróbka cieplna
    piec
    nawęglanie
    hartowanie
    nawęglanie niskociśnieniowe
    azotowanie
    zaawansowane zastosowania próżniowe
    Opis:
    Purpose: A review regarding the devices for vacuum heat treatment is presented. Design/methodology/approach: Devices for modern heat treatment has been reviewed. The devices has been classified regarding the heat treatment (quenching, carburizing, nitriding, tempering and annealing). The possible application, materials and parts for heat treatment as well as parameters of the devices has been analysed. Findings: There is a wide range of modern vacuum heat treatment devices. All currently used heat and thermo-chemical treatments may be proceed in vacuum equipment. It is also in many cases preferable to use vacuum- because of economic reasons, better metallurgical results or environmental friendliness. Also software simulators which facilitates the planning of heat treatment are available with the equipment. Practical implications: Because of the industry expectations regarding efficiency, quality, economy and safety, vacuum equipment becoming the subject of wider and wider attention. In particular, aerospace and automotive industries pay a lot of attention to these aspects. The basic task of vacuum devices is fast, effective, environmentally friendly production of high quality machine parts. Originality/value: The synthetic presentation of modern devices for vacuum heat treatment was presented, in particular furnaces for quenching, carburizing, nitriding, tempering and annealing. The products characteristic and applications has been presented. Also equipment for some advanced vacuum applications has been presented. Modern software which complements the devices in terms of designing heat treatment processes has been described.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Materials Science and Engineering; 2019, 95, 2; 77-85
    1897-2764
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of quenching temperature on distortions during the individual quenching method
    Autorzy:
    Wołowiec-Korecka, E.
    Stachurski, W.
    Zgórniak, P.
    Korecki, M.
    Brewka, A.
    Byczkowska, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818490.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
    Tematy:
    thermal treatment
    distortion
    quenching
    low-pressure carburizing
    obróbka termiczna
    zniekształcenie
    hartowanie
    nawęglanie niskociśnieniowe
    Opis:
    Purpose: In this paper, the impact of hardening temperature on the quenching distortions which occur during low-pressure carburizing with gas quenching - using the individual quenching method - was analysed. Design/methodology/approach: The reference elements were subjected to carburizing at 980°C, followed by gas quenching at temperatures of 860°C, 920°C and 980°C. The geometrical measurements of the elements were made before and after the chemical treatment and the size of the quenching distortions of their geometrical parameters was determined. Findings: It was demonstrated that a high temperature of quenching has an unfavourable effect on changes in cylindricity and roundness parameters but, at the same time, reduces the size of distortion of outer parameters. Low temperature quenching reduces quenching distortions of cylindricity and roundness parameters while increasing the distortion of outer dimensions. Research limitations/implications: Based on the research and analysis carried out in this work, it was found that the use of lower quenching temperature is justified in economic and quality terms. Practical implications: In the case of the aviation or automotive industry, very high quality of manufactured elements along with a simultaneous reduction of their production costs is extremely important. Maintaining the dimensions of the elements during heat treatment is extremely difficult. The tests allowed to determine the optimal hardening temperature, which brings with it acceptable deformations. Since it is easier to “repair” the outer geometrical dimensions (diameter, thickness), it seems that quenching from lower temperatures is a more favourable process. Originality/value: The conducted tests allowed to determine the most favourable conditions for hardening elements from the automotive industry, taking into account the occurring deformations and their subsequent processing
    Źródło:
    Archives of Materials Science and Engineering; 2020, 105, 2; 80--85
    1897-2764
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Case hardening development review (2001-2020)
    Autorzy:
    Wołowiec-Korecka, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200635.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
    Tematy:
    heat treatment
    hardening
    quenching
    distortions
    carburizing
    simulation
    obróbka cieplna
    hartowanie
    odkształcenia
    nawęglanie
    symulacja
    Opis:
    Purpose: The purpose of the work is a complex review of methods applied industrially as case hardening. The paper contains an overview of scientific and development works on surface case hardening methods, especially carburising and quenching, described in the literature from 2001-2020. Design/methodology/approach: State-of-the-art was reviewed by a critical review of the world literature published in 2001-2022, including theoretical work, scientific research, and industry reports. An additional examination of the state of the art was conducted in terms of patent works. Findings: The period of 2001-2020 was a time of intensive work on the modernisation of case hardening techniques to improve the repeatability and uniformity of the produced layers and minimise deformations after hardening. Developing computing technologies have played a large part in this progress. New technologies have also been developed. Research limitations/implications: The review of papers and patent databases was limited to databases providing English-language content options. Practical implications: Case hardening is a crucial stage of steel heat treatment in almost every industrial branch: mechanical, tool, automotive, railway, and aviation. Originality/value: A synthetic review of case hardening methods was presented, particularly carburizing and quenching methods; it also analysed the possibilities and directions of their development.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Materials Science and Engineering; 2023, 120, 2; 70--85
    1897-2764
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of hardening medium in the vacuum carburizing process on the distortion of machine elements used in the automotive industry
    Autorzy:
    Pawęta, S.
    Pietrasik, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/367941.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
    Tematy:
    distortion
    gas quenching
    oil quenching
    thermo-chemical treatment
    vacuum carburizing
    odkształcenie
    chłodzenie w gazie
    hartowanie w gazie
    chłodzenie w oleju
    hartowanie w oleju
    obróbka termochemiczna
    nawęglanie próżniowe
    Opis:
    Purpose: As part of this study, the influence of the hardening medium on distortions of FineCarb® carburized rollers used in the automotive industry as elements of fuel pumps has been examined. The analysis was carried out for the process of quenching in gas at different pressure of cooling gas and quenching in oil at variable delay time of oil mixers. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out on real elements used in the automotive industry as elements of fuel pumps. FineCarb® vacuum carburizing technology was used in order to obtain optimal parameters of the surface layers. During quenching a variable related to the parameters of the quenching medium was introduced. For quenching in gas it was the pressure at which nitrogen was introduced into the cooling chamber, while for quenching in oil it was the time of mixers delay. The sample batch was laid out in accordance with the PPAP (Production Part Approval Process) requirements for the automotive industry. Microhardness and radial runout measurements were carried out on the samples and subjected to statistical analysis. Findings: The analysis of each hardening processes has showed that depending on the cooling medium used, different distortion values are obtained. The distortion value is significantly influenced by the parameters of the hardening process - gas pressure/oil mixers delay. With the proposed quenching parameters, there is no relationship between the location of the sample in the furnace chamber and the distortion value. The smallest hardening distortions were obtained as a result of the hardening process in gas at a gas pressure of 3 bar. Hardening in gas was characterized by the smallest scatter values of obtained results of radial runout. Research limitations/implications: Basing on the studies and analyses carried out in this work, it can be concluded that the introduction of gas quenching technology instead of oil quenching technology is justified qualitatively and economically alike. Hardening in gas was also characterized by the smallest scatter values of obtained results of radial runout. This is an extremely important technological and economic aspect, due to the cost of grinding processing. Practical implications: The automotive and aviation industries are putting ever greater demands on the quality of manufactured components while reducing costs. It requires optimization of technological processes from co-operators. In the case of hardening plants, the most important aspect is obtaining repeatable, precisely planned parameters of the carburized layer, as well as minimizing the negative phenomena that cause dimensional changes after hardening of elements. The tests allowed to determine the most effective hardening conditions in terms of obtained distortions and costs of eliminating distortions. However, the selection of the optimal parameters depends on whether the core hardness requirements are also determined. Originality/value: The conducted tests allowed to determine the most effective hardening conditions in terms of obtained distortions, costs of levelling distortions and a complete technological process for the automotive industry.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering; 2019, 94, 1-2; 32-40
    1734-8412
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of grinding conditions of gears made of 20MnCr5 steel after single-piece flow heat treatment on the condition of the surface layer of the tooth working surface
    Autorzy:
    Stachurski, W.
    Janica, J.
    Januszewicz, B.
    Pawłowski, W.
    Sawicki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200636.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
    Tematy:
    thermo-chemical treatment
    vacuum carburizing
    single-piece flow method
    gear grinding
    technological surface layer
    obróbka cieplno-chemiczna
    nawęglanie próżniowe
    jednoczęściowa metoda przepływowa
    szlifowanie kół zębatych
    technologiczna warstwa wierzchnia
    Opis:
    Purpose: The paper investigated the effect of selected processing conditions during gear grinding on the value and distribution of microhardness and residual stress formed in the technological surface layer of gears after thermochemical treatment (TCT) conducted by a continuous single-piece flow method. Design/methodology/approach: The gears were carburised with LPC at 920°C, then quenched in a 4D Quenching chamber at 7 bar and tempered at 190ºC for 3 hours. In the next step, the working surfaces of the gear teeth were ground by supplying grinding fluid (GF) to the grinding zone using the WET method and the MQL method with a minimum amount. Measurements were made on the distribution of microhardness and residual stress formed in the technological surface layer of gears after thermochemical treatment and after the grinding process. Findings: The results of the study showed the influence of workpiece speed vw and the method of delivery to the grinding zone GF on selected parameters describing the condition of the technological surface layer of the teeth of gears made of 20MnCr5 steel. The grinding process with a white aluminium oxide grinding wheel causes deterioration in the material's residual stress state. For each of the three analysed workpiece speeds vw, smaller changes in microhardness with respect to the microhardness of the material before grinding occur in the surface layer of samples ground with GF fed with the MQL method. Similarly, residual stress values are in the area of favourable compressive stresses. Research limitations/implications: Environmental considerations and the need to comply with increasingly stringent environmental protection and worker safety regulations are pushing researchers and entrepreneurs to completely eliminate or reduce the consumption of grinding fluids in the grinding process. Based on the research and analysis carried out in this study, it was concluded that applying minimum GF by the MQL method could be an alternative to the conventional WET method.Practical implications: In sustainable manufacturing, it is extremely important to produce high-quality items while reducing the cost of manufacturing and taking care of the environment and workers' health. This includes the manufacture of gears, a basic component used in gear transmissions in the automotive industry, for example. The research has established that it is possible to use the MQL method, which reduces the amount of GF used when grinding the working surfaces of gear teeth, as an alternative to the conventional WET method. Originality/value: The conducted research was the first to determine the most favourable conditions, in terms of the obtained residual stresses and microhardness, for grinding the working surface of gear teeth using the MQL method.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Materials Science and Engineering; 2023, 120, 2; 60--69
    1897-2764
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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