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Tytuł:
Zmienność występowania opadów deszczu i śniegu w Hornsundzie w okresie lipiec 1978 - grudzień 2002
Variability in the occurrence of rain and snow at Hornsund over the period July 1978 - December 2002
Autorzy:
Łupikasza, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260943.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
opady atmosferyczne
opady deszczu
opady śniegu
rain
snow
Opis:
In the polar regions, the sums of precipitation of the accumulation period is of great importance, because they are an component one of the most valid processes connected with glacier mass balance - accumulation. From glaciological point of view, to determine which part of annual sums of precipitation appears in the form liquid and mixed and solid precipitation is the crucial problem. In this connection, the main aim of this paper is analyse variability of the precipitation with respect of their form in the annual course as well as their long-term variability in Hornsund in the period of 1978-2002. The data used in this article are mainly derived from meteorological yearbook Hornsund (2000, 2001) that was published by Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - maritime department in Gdynia and from yearbook Meteorological Conditions Hornsund, Spitsbergen (2001) that was published by Polish Academy of Science in Warsaw. Collected numerical data are not complete. There is a lack of data concerned precipitation sums and meteorological phenomenon for the period from 01sth to 26sth of July 1981. Moreover the data describing precipitation sums does not exist for the days: 04, 07, 09, 19 July 1979. In this article three main form of precipitation (liquid, mixed and solid) were considered. The form of precipitation was determined on the base of meteorological phenomenon that was recorded as current and last weather. The average, maximum and minimum daily air temperatures were additional criterions. In this connection that the notation of meteorological data prevented to consider each event of appearance of precipitation, the days with individual form of precipitation were subjected to analysis. The day with mixed precipitation means that during all 24 hour period (from 6 given to 6 next day) appeared one time snow and second time rain or snow and rain in the same time. The annual course of individual form of precipitation and their probability of appearance in each month, long term variability of sums of individual form of precipitation and the number of days with this form of precipitation in the accumulation and annual periods were discussed. The linear trends and variability coefficients were calculated for long term characteristics of precipitation. It was stated that in Hornsund long-term average sum of annual precipitation amounted at about 424 mm The greatest part of this appear in the liquid (37%) and the lowest in a mixed form. On average in Hornsund there is noted at about 239 days with precipitation in year from what 63% falls on days with snow and 13% on days with snow and rain. In the accumulation period the solid precipitation were characterized by greatest sums as well as greatest number of days with this one. Long-term course of individual form of precipitation shows similar tendencies. In the annual period as well as in the accumulation this one liquid precipitation are characterized by the highest variability coefficient and range of change. Their lowest sums occur in the middle of 80ies and from mid-80ies they show increasing tendency. Mixed precipitation shows the smallest range of change, their highest sums occur in the middle of 80ies and in the case of annual period also in the second half of 90ies. From the second half of 90ies mixed precipitation show decreasing tendency. Statistically significant increasing tendencies of liquid and mixed precipitation during all considered period accompany decreasing tendency of solid precipitation. The highest sums of solid precipitation occur in the first half of 80ies and the lowest one in the second half of the same decade. From the beginning of 90ies there is a decreasing tendency in the course of solid precipitation. During all considered period the solid precipitation dominate as regards number of days with precipitation. The number of days with solid precipitation until the end of 80ies was greater and in the 90ies was lower than long-term average.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2003, 13; 93-105
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosfery na wysokie opady w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen)
Influence of atmospheric circulation on the high precipitation in Hornsund (Spitsberegen)
Autorzy:
Niedźwiedź, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
cyrkulacja atmosfery
opady atmosferyczne
Spitsbergen
atmospheric circulation
precipitation
Opis:
Maximum daily precipitation and the number of days with precipitation 10.0 mm was analysed in Polish Polar Station in Hornsund (Spitsbergen), based on the measurements during 8008 days in the period 1978 June - 2000 July. The geographical coordinates of the station are following: j = 77°00? N, l = 15°33? E, Hs = 11 m a.s.l. This region is characterised by relatively large annual precipitation, varied from 230 mm in 1987 up to 640 mm in 1996. The largest diurnal total of precipitation - 58.3 mm was observed on August 1, 1994. The second high value 52.6 mm was noticed on September 6, 1996. During the observed period only 5 times daily precipitation exceeded 40 mm and 14 time was higher than 30 mm. Return period for possible daily precipitation greater than 70 mm is less than once in a hundred years. In the annual course the maximum of precipitation was observed mainly in August and September. Also the largest precipitation appears most often during the advection of air from the South and South-West with cyclones coming from the Atlantic Ocean. Special attention was made to the daily precipitation >=10 mm. they occurred during the 201 days (2.5%) and bringing about 35% of annual total. The probability of such events is highest in autumn (25%) during the south westerly cyclonic circulation type (SWc). Two other circulation types are caused also such precipitation: southern cyclonic type (Sc) with probability 24% and south westerly anticyclonic ones (SWa), with probability 11.5%. During the last decade of 20th century there was observed the increasing tendency in frequency of large precipitation in Hornsund. The sudden increase take place since 1994. These changes were connected with greater frequency in the intensity of westerly and southerly atmospheric circulation expressed by the zonal and meridional circulation indices.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2002, 12; 65-75
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opady marznące i gołoledź w Hornsundzie (SW Spitsbergen)
Freezing precipitation and glaze at Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen)
Autorzy:
Soroka, J.
Benedyk, M.
Matuszko, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
opady marznące
opady przechłodzone
gołoledź
Polska Stacja Polarna Hornsund
sytuacja synoptyczna
freezing precipitation
supercooled precipitation
glaze
Polish Polar Station Hornsund
synoptic situation
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę opadów marznących i gołoledzi w strefie polarnej na podstawie danych z Polskiej Stacji Polarnej w Hornsundzie. Analizie poddano opady w 34 sezonach zimowych (od 1982/83 do 2015/16 roku). W okresie tym wystąpiło łącznie 197 dni z opadami powodującymi gołoledź. Zjawiska te występowały od września do czerwca, z największym nasileniem od października do maja. Zmiana liczby dni z gołoledzią w następujących po sobie sezonach zimowych była bardzo zróżnicowana (od 0 do 17 dni na sezon). W badanym okresie nie zaobserwowano istotnej tendencji zmian liczby dni z opadami marznącymi. Najczęściej opady takie występowały przy cyklonalnym typie cyrkulacji: adwekcji mas powietrza z kierunków od S do W oraz przy zatoce niżowej i centrum niżu w rejonie Spitsbergenu. Typową sytuacją sprzyjającą pojawieniu się gołoledzi było zbliżanie się niżu znad Morza Grenlandzkiego lub Morza Norweskiego z frontem ciepłym, przed którym występowała strefa opadów marznących.
The article discusses the climatological and synoptic characteristics of freezing rain and freezing drizzle causing glaze at Hornsund. Freezing precipitation and glaze are relatively rare phenomena, but they can expose human activity in the polar regions to serious risks. The study is based on data from the Polish Polar Station Hornsund. The synoptic analysis of selected cases of supercooled precipitation presented in the article was performed on the basis of surface synoptic charts, absolute topography charts at 700 and 850 hPa levels, and aerological diagrams. The type of circulation which co-occurred with each day with glaze was determined using a calendar prepared by T. Niedźwiedź. Over the course of the 34 winter seasons under investigation (between 1982/83 and 2015/16), there was a total of 197 days with supercooled precipitation. Air temperatures ranged between -8.5° and 1.2°C, and predominantly between -3° and 0°C, when freezing precipitation under investigation were observed. In a typical situation, supercooled precipitation followed a long thawless period. There were also frequent cases when several days of thaw and liquid precipitation were followed by freezing rain turning into snowfall with simultaneous air temperature drops. One feature characterising weather with glaze is the occurrence of sudden and multi-directional changes of temperature, which are almost completely determined by advection. Freezing precipitation occurs both when air temperatures drop below zero and when they rise above freezing point. Glaze can appear in Hornsund from early September until early June, with the highest likelihood observed between October and May. The change in the number of days with glaze observed in the successive winters was variable (ranging from 0 to 17 days per season). The occurrence of freezing precipitation in the area of the Polish Polar Station is nearly exclusively correlated with circulatory conditions. Most such phenomena are associated with cyclonic activity and advection of warm air from above the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea. Occasionally, liquid precipitation may turn into freezing rain as a consequence of a local factor, for example the presence of cold surface air caused by sea ice in the Hornsund fjord or the influx of freezing air carried by katabatic winds from the Hans Glacier, with simultaneous southerly and westerly advection of warm air masses with rainfall. No significant trend was observed as regards multi-annual changes in the number of days with freezing rain. Such rain was observed most frequently during the winter season of 2002/03 (17 days in total), and was absent altogether during three seasons (1983/84, 1984/85 and 2015/16). There is also no noticeable correlation between the number of days with glaze and the gradual increase in average air temperatures over successive winters and years. As is demonstrated by studies of changes in the circulation over Spitsbergen conducted by T. Niedźwiedź (2013), the values of westerly and southerly circulation indexes went up in the years 1951-2012, which is evidenced by an increased frequency in the corresponding westerly and southerly advection. There is also a rising trend in the activity of cyclones in winter. The above elements seem to contribute to an increased frequency of days with glaze. However, there is no observable growth in the numbers of these phenomena.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2016, 26; 37-58
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opady całkowite i stałe w Arktyce Kanadyjskiej i ich zmienność w okresie 1950-1995
Total and solid precipitation in the Canadian Arctic and their variability from 1950 to 1995
Autorzy:
Przybylak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
opady atmosferyczne
Arktyka
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Opis:
The main aims of this paper are i) to establish the trends in solid and total precipitation as well as in solid to total precipitation ratio (hereinafter SIC ratio) in the Canadian Arctic in recent decades. and ii) to investigate the influence of air temperature and circulation factors (atmospheric and oceanic) on the above-mentioned precipitation characteristics, Recently updated and adjusted data (see Mekis and Hogg 1999) from 16 stations located in the Canadian Arctic (fig. I) were used for the investigation. The southern boundary of the study area was taken after Atlas Arktiki (1985). In addition, the data from two sub-Arctic stations were also used. The majority of the data cover the period from 1950 to 1995. The relationship between air temperature and precipitation in the Canadian Arctic was investigated using i) the sets of 10 individual warmest and 10 individual coldest years chosen from the areally averaged annual Canadian Arctic temperature series, ii) the warmest and coldest l C-year blocks from the same Canadian Arctic series, and iii) the sets of years defined in points i) and ii) but chosen from the individual station temperature series. Next, in the case of the two first approaches, for each station the differences of solid and total precipitation as well as the S/C ratio were calculated between sets of warmest and coldest years. In the third approach, the differences were only computed for the station which was the basis for choosing the warmest and coldest years. The same method was used to investigate the relationships between circulation factors and precipitation in the Canadian Arctic. The precipitation and the SIC ratio differences were calculated here between the sets of years with high and low values of the best known indices (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation) characterizing atmospheric circulation or, in the case of the oceanic circulation, between the years with the opposite Arctic Ocean circulation regimes (cyclonic and anticyclonic, see e.g. Proshutinsky and Johnson 1997). The main results of the investigation were as follows: The corrected annual precipitation sums (after the influence of measured errors are deleted ) arc higher than uncorrected values by 26% to 58% depending on the analyzing station (see tab. 2). A statistically significant increase in all kinds of areally averaged seasonal and annual precipitation for the Canadian Arctic occurred over the period 1950 1995 (figs :2 and 3). On the other hand, the S/C ratio did not change significantly, except for summer values (fig. 5) and its behavior was also in accord with small variations noted in air temperature (fig. 4). Solid precipitation occurs usually in all seasons , but the S/C ratio maximum was observed in winter (98.7%) and the minimum in summer (12.5%). The areally averaged annual S/C ratio was 57,3%. An increase in air temperature in the Canadian Arctic most often led to the rise of all kinds of annual precipitation sums, but only when the warmest and coldest years were chosen based on the individual stations. The pattern of the relationship is significantly more complicated and can be even opposite to that presented above, when the sets of the warmest and coldest years are chosen based on the areally averaged annual temperature for the Canadian Arctic (see fig. 6). Significantly more stable results of changes occurred for the S/C ratio, which in warmer periods was usually lower (fig. 7). However, more detailed and reliable investigations of temperature-precipitation relations conducted for individual stations showed that the last statement is true, but only for the southern (warmer) part of the Canadian Arctic (<70°N). During the periods with high positive values of the NAO, a decrease in precipitation is observed in the south-eastern part of the Canadian Arctic (fig. 8), that is, in the area where a strong cooling was also observed (see fig. 12 in Przybylak 2000). During the El Niño events most of the Canadian Arctic had both greater precipitation and a higher SIC ratio than during the La Niña events (fig. 9). The most univocal results of precipitation and SC ratio changes were connected with changes of the Arctic Ocean circulation regimes. In almost the whole study area, a lower precipitation and a SC ratio was noted during the anticyclonic circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean (fig. 11).
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2000, 10; 13-40
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wieloletnia zmienność opadów w atlantyckim sektorze Arktyki
The long-term variability of precipitation in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic
Autorzy:
Łupikasza, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260955.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
opady atmosferyczne
Arktyka
precipitation
Arctic
Opis:
In this study the multiyear variability of the annual and seasonal sums of precipitations in the Atlantic sector of Arctic were studied. The analysis were caried out on the base of 8 meteorological stations localized above the 60O N of latitude. The meteorological data were mainly obtained from GHCN (Peterson T. C et. all 1998) and NACD (Frich P. et. all., 1996). It was stated that at the large majority of the meteorological stations the greatest part of annual sums of precipitation appear in autum and the lowest one in spring. The annual as well as seasonal sums of precipitation were distinguised by considerable variation but their 5-years running of standarized value hardly ever exceeded 1 standard deviation. The coefficients variability counted in the running 11-years periods indicate on decrease of variability of the annual sa well as sprinf and winter sums of precipitation in the greatest part of Atlantic sector of Arctic.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2001, 11; 27-40
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność opadów atmosferycznych w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen) w okresie 1978-2000
The variation of the atmospheric precipitation in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in the period 1978-2000
Autorzy:
Łupikasza, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
opady atmosferyczne
precipitation
Opis:
In the polar area, the precipitation is a component of one of the most important processes connected with the glacier mass balance ? accumulation and ablation. In this case particular signifi-cance is attributed to the height of the precipitation for a month of a cool season. The aim of this study is to examine the long-term variability of the atmospheric precipitation in Hornsund by the analysis of the monthly, seasonal and annual sums of precipitation and the sums of the precipitation for the accumulation season. Moreover, the long-term variability of the frequency of the days with precipitation (>= 0.0 mm), of the days with trace precipitation (= 0.0 mm), of the days with the precipitation >= 0.1 mm, >= 1.0 mm, >= 5.0 mm, >= 10.0 mm, >= 20.0 mm was discussed in the scale of the year, seasons and the accumulation period. The investigation of long-term variability of the precipitation in Hornsund that was carried out indicated that annual sums of precipitation amount to 421.7 mm. The annual sums of the precipitation are distinguished by the rising tendency showing up from the beginning of the measurement period to 1995. In the second half of the 90-ties, despite of high sums, annual precipitation is characterised by decreasing tendency that is connected with the low sums of precipitation in 1998. The highest part of annual precipitation falls in autumn and slightly less in summer. The lowest precipitation sums appear in spring. A slightly decreasing tendency is visible in the long-term course of spring precipitation. Both the autumn and the summer precipitation is characterised by the higher sums in the last decade of the 20th century than in the earlier period. Moreover, the autumn sums of precipitation are distin-guished by an increasing trend in the last decade of the 20th century while the course of summer precipitation shows the decreasing tendency from 1994. Taking into consideration the monthly values it was stated that September predominates in respect of the height of precipitation. High precipitation also occurs in August. The lowest sums of the monthly precipitation occur in the end of winter and in spring, with especially low sums in May and April. The long-term course of precipitation in particular months is diverse and exhibits specific features. The frequency of the days with defined thresholds of precipitation sums exhibits a great diversity of long-term course in the considered scales of time. The period in the turn of the 80-ties and 90-ties is interesting from the point of view of temporary variability of the frequency of precipitation. In this period the highest frequencies of the days with defined thresholds of precipitation sums often occured or the change of tendencies direction took place.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2002, 12; 77-88
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cechy zmienności opadów w cyklu rocznym na obszarze Svalbardu
Features of the precipitation changesover the Svalbard in the annual cycle
Autorzy:
Łupikasza, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
opady atmosferyczne
Svalbard
zmienność opadów
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Opis:
This article discusses the changes in an annual cycle of precipitation observed over many years in the Svalbard area. Monthly precipitation sums recorded at the Isfjord Radio station, Björnöya, Jan Mayen were used to accomplish the analysis. Data presented come from GHCN (Vose et al. 1997), MCDW (1957-1997) and WWR (1929,1944,1947,1959,1968,1979,1981, 1987, 1994, 19(5). The characteristics of the annual precipitation were described using Wilgat's indicator of periodicity of precipitation ( 1949) and Vemic's pluviometric coefficient (Szreffel 1961). Apart from that the amount of the highest and the lowest occurrence of precipitation in each month was calculated during the 10-years moving periods. In addition the annual change of the monthly sums of precipitation was characterised. The analysis of the annual change of the periodicity indicator has proved that during the examined period the precipitation regime on Isfjord Radio station and Jan Mayen do not show clear changes. On Björnöya station from the mid forties periodicity of precipitation has decreased. On all examined stations until the late thirties the value of the pluviometric coefficient were less than 50%. Since the mid forties over half of the amount of precipitation occurred from March to November. The highest sums of precipitation most often occurred in April, May and June. The highest sums of precipitation on Jan Mayen station and Björnöya station occurred mainly in September and October. On Isford Radio station the highest sums of precipitation were recorded chiefly in March. September. February and August.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2000, 10; 41-54
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kalendarz pogód dla Hornsundu podczas wyprawy założycielskiej 1957/58
Weather calendar for the Founding Expedition Hornsund 1957/58
Autorzy:
Malik, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
temperatury powietrza
opady atmosferyczne
pogoda
air temperature
precipitation
weather
Opis:
The Weather calendar for the Founding Expedition Hornsund 1957/58 is conceived using four meteorological elements: air temperature, wind speed, precipitation and relative humidity. Each of those variables is classified as system consisting of three classes, except precipitation, which comprises two classes. First class contains values below 25% percentile (under normal), third contains values above 75% percentile (above normal) of meteorological elements under consideration. Second class contains values between first and third class (normal). Precipitation is classified using two-class system, which describes if precipitation occurs or not. These rules give 3 groups, 9 subgroups, 18 classes and 54 types of weather. All statistics are presented for three periods: 12 months from August 1957 to July 1958, polar night and polar day. In all these periods groups of weather with normal temperature (2WOF) dominate. Typical weather subgroups are those of low temperature and weak wind (11OF) as well as normal temperature with weak (21OF) and moderate wind (22OF). Prevailing weather class is cool weather with weak wind and without precipitation (110F). Characteristic attribute of Hornsund area is weather with low humidity (TWO1).
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 149-156
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany intensywności opadów w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen) w okresie 1978-2008
Change in precipitation intensity in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in the 1878-2008 period
Autorzy:
Łupikasza, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Hornsund
opady dobowe
intensywność opadów
trendy
daily precipitation
precipitation intensit
trends
Opis:
Artykuł porusza problematykę zmian intensywności opadów atmosferycznych w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen) w okresie 1979-2008. Szczegółową analizę opadów dobowych przeprowadzono w przedziałach/ klasach kwantyli równych sum opadów, które wyznaczono metodą zaproponowaną przez Karla i in. (1995) oraz Karla i Knighta (1998), a zmodyfikowaną przez Osborna i in. (2000), Brunettiego i in. (2001) oraz Brunettiego (2004). Wydzielone klasy kwantyli sum opadów zawierają w sobie łączną informację o sumie i liczbie dni z opadem, dzięki czemu zostały uznane za uproszczony wskaźnik intensywności opadów. Dla każdego z wydzielonych wskaź-ników intensywności, obliczono tendencje udziału opadów w całkowitej sumie rocznej oraz w sumach półroczy i sezonów. W Hornsundzie, w okresie 1979-2008 istotne trendy wzrostowe intensywności opadów zaobserwowano jedynie w okresie rocznym, w półroczu chłodnym oraz jesienią. W pozostałych porach roku oraz w półroczu ciepłym tendencje były nieistotne statystycznie, chociaż na wiosnę zaznaczył się spadek intensywności opadów.
This paper deals with problems of temporal changes in distribution of precipitation intensity in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in the period 1979-2008. Trends in precipitation totals, number of days with precipitation and average daily precipitation amount were calculated in order to assess general changes in precipitation intensity. Detailed analysis of changes in distribution of daily precipitation amount was conducted by categorizing all daily precipitation into 10 classes of precipitation intensity and then computing the proportion of each seasonal total which was provided by events of each class. This class intervals, which can be thought of as 10 equal amount quantiles, were calculated after Osborn et al. (2000). In the next step trends in contribution of each precipitation intensity class-interval to annual and seasonal (warm and cool half-year, spring, summer, autumn, winter) precipi-tation total were calculated. Linear regression fitted by the least square method was used to assess trends magnitude and direction. Trends were expressed in percentage of average indices values for the 1979-2008 period (relative trends) which enabled the comparison of the trends magnitude calcu-lated for indices expressed with different units and for class-intervals characterized by various range of daily precipitation amounts. Statistical significance of trends was checked by Mann-Kendall test. Trends with significance level p between 0.2 and 0.1 were recognized as slightly significant whereas trends with p equal to or less than 0.1 were recognized as significant. The 1979-2008 period was the base for trend analysis. Moreover, several arbitrary selected long-term periods (1979-00, 1979-01, 1979-02, …, 1979-08) were also considered in order to assess the trends stability. In Hornsund in the period 1979-2008 significant changes in daily precipitation intensity appeared on annual basis as well as in cool half year and in autumn. There was a significant increase in annual precipitation total and no sign of any changes in the number of days with precipitation. These were a result of an increase in contribution of extreme precipitation (K10) to total annual precipitation and a decrease in contribution of daily precipitation of low intensity. Similar pattern of precipitation intensity changes was noted in cool half year. In this case the changes are a consequence of decreasing trends in contribution of lower intensity class-intervals (K1, K2 I K4) to total precipitation. In autumn statistically significant were increasing trends in precipitation totals, number of days with precipitation and average daily precipitation amounts – at the same time the increases in precipitation totals and average precipitation amounts were much more higher than in the number of days with precipitation. These changes were a result of decreasing trends in contribution of K1, K2 and K3 intensity classes and increasing trends in contribution of K7 and K8 intensity classes in total autumn precipitation. In spring statistically significant drop in precipitation totals accompanied by unchanged number of days with precipitation indicates the decrease in precipitation intensity. However, detailed analysis of trends in contribution of class-intervals to total winter precipitation has not proven any significant changes of precipitation intensity in this season. It is worth to notice that there were negative trends in contribution of majority of precipitation intensity class-intervals to total spring precipitation which probably resulted in significant decrease in intensity of total precipitation. It also should be mentioned that there are opposite trend directions in spring and autumn precipitation totals. In Hornsund the relationships between precipitation and atmospheric circulation depend on daily precipitation intensity. In majority of seasons daily precipitation of the least intensity (class-interval K1) are the most frequent during an inflow of air masses form east under influence of low pressure system. Precipitation form K4 and higher intensity classes were usually noted in SWc type. It must be said that the results of this study are probably influence by well-known problem of precipitation measu-rement errors in polar regions especially in relation to snow and cool period of year.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2009, 19; 169-188
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Współczesna zmienność cyrkulacji atmosfery, temperatury powietrza i opadów atmosferycznych na Spitsbergenie
Contemporary variability of atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation in Spitsbergen
Autorzy:
Niedźwiedź, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
cyrkulacja atmosfery
temperatury powietrza
opady atmosferyczne
Spitsbergen
atmospheric circulation
air temperature
precipitation
Opis:
The study presents variability of simple circulation indices above Spitsbergen for the period 1951-2002, based on original calendar of synoptic divided from the synoptic maps. After calculation of synoptic types frequencies the further results have been obtained using the simple circulation indices: W - westerly, zonal index, S - southerly - meridional index, C - cyclonicity index, as proposed by R. Murray and R. Lewis (1966) with some modifications. The negative value of W index is typical for Spitsbergen, according to great frequency of eastern airflow. Some complicated relations between above indices, NAO, temperature and precipitation were noticed in Spitsbergen. Variability of temperature and precipitation based on the data from Isfjord Radio and Svalbard Lufthavn stations, as well as from Polish Polar Station in Hornsund Fiord on SW part of Spitsbergen. They were compared with Bjornoya (Bear Island) - about 300 km SSE from Hornsund. For the temperature the main feature is period of cooling in the years 1961-1971 and around 1988, after the great warming during the decade of 1930th. During that coolest years also large annual temperature range was typical. The coldest was year 1968, and the warmest one -1984 (from -2 to -3°C). Next warm years were observed in 1990 and 1999, but in Jan Mayen the warmest was year 2002. The coolest winter (December-February) with average temperature below -20°C in Longyearbyen was in 1962/1963 (-21.5°C) and 1988/1989 (-20.1°C), and the warmest one on 1984/1985 (-8.3°C). Significant warming was noticed only in the warm half-year (V-X) about 1.2K since 1972 up to 2002. The warmest period V-X was in 1990, and coolest - in 1968. In summer (June-August) the temperature varied between 2°C in 1982 and 4.5°C (Hornsund) or 6.1°C (Longyearbyen) in 2002 (the warmest summer). Temperature changes in Spitsbergen depend on a great extend of circulation factors, mainly from the southern (S) and zonal circulation indices (W). The lowest temperatures were observed round the 1965. During the last decade of 1980 the period of little warming is observed again. For precipitation relative large increase of summer and September precipitation were noticed in the last years of the 20th century, mainly in 1994-1997. May be the part of its fallen in the form of snow in the upper parts of archipelago and supplied glaciers. The highest precipitation is typical for August and September. The largest diurnal precipitation totals - 58.3 mm was observed on August 1, 1994. The second high value 52.6 mm was noticed on September 6, 1996. During the observed period since 1978, only 5 time the daily precipitation in Hornsund exceeded 40 mm and 14 time were higher than 30 mm. In Hornsund annual total of precipitation twice exceeded 600 mm, in 1994 and 1996. This increase of precipitation was connected with greater frequency in the intensity of westerly and southerly atmospheric circulation expressed by the zonal and meridional circulation indices and the more intense cyclonic activity in autumn and winter seasons
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2003, 13; 79-92
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wieloletnia zmienność występowania ekstremów opadowych w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen) i ich związek z cyrkulacją atmosfery
Long-term variability of extreme precipitation in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) and their relation with atmospheric circulation
Autorzy:
Łupikasza, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260784.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
opady ekstremalne
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
tendencje i zmienność opadów
Hornsund
atmospheric circulation
tendencies and changes in precipitation
Opis:
Celem opracowania jest określenie charakterku wieloletnich zmian i zmienności ekstremów opadowych w okresie obserwacji instrumentalnych w Hornsundzie oraz zbadanie synoptycznych przyczyn ich występowania. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie dobowych sum opadów atmosferycznych z okresu lipiec 1978 – grudzień 2006. Za ekstremalne zjawisko opadowe uznano dobową sumę opadów przekraczającą wartość progową opadu, zdefiniowaną jako 90 i 95 percentyl. Ogólne tendencje w przebiegu czasowym wskaźników opadów ekstremalnych zbadano stosując analizę trendów metodą Mann-Kendala. Związki pomiędzy ekstremal-nymi zdarzeniami opadowymi i cyrkulacją atmosferyczną zbadano poprzez obliczenie częstości opadów ekstre-malnych oraz prawdopodobieństwa warunkowego ich wystąpienia w poszczególnych typach cyrkulacji według T. Niedźwiedzia.
Exploration of the long-term variability of precipitation extremes and its connections with atmo-spheric circulation is the main goal of this study. Daily precipitation total for the period July 1979 – December 2006 measured at Hornsund station located at West coast of Spitsbergen as well as calendar of circulation types for Spitsbergen (Niedźwiedź 2006) were used. Extreme precipitation was defined as days with precipitation above the 90th and 95th percentile calculated based on days with precipitation >0.1mm and >1.0 mm in the period 1979–2005. Several indices of precipitation extremes, describing its frequency, amount and share in the overall total were calculated for year, accumulation period (September-May), both warm (April-September) and cold (October-March) half-years and submitted to further analysis. In order to research the general trends of extreme precipitation indices Mann-Kendal method was applied. Relation between extreme precipitation characteristics and atmospheric circu-lation were investigated by analysis of frequency of extreme precipitation and conditional probability its occurrence at each of circulation types used. The most significant trends were noted in the case of share of extreme precipitation in overall precipitation totals whereas annual as well as accumulation period values of extreme precipitation indices were characterized by the most permanent trends. No statistically significant tendencies of extreme precipitation were observed for its warm half-year values. All indices of precipitation extremes show decreasing tendency from 1979 to the middle of the eighties. Clear increasing tendencies of the number of days with extreme precipitation, extreme precipitation total as well as its share in overall precipitation totals fall on the second half of the eighties and on the nineties. Weak decreasing tendencies of the annual values of extreme precipitation indices as well as their values for accumulation period and cold half-year were observed at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the new century (21st). Opposite direction of the extreme precipitation trends within the period mentioned above were only noted in the cold half-year. In the long-term variability of the extreme precipitation in Hornsund two sub periods (1979-1993 and 1994-2006) different in the averages values of the extreme precipitation indices can be pointed out. Extreme precipitation is the most probable at SWc synoptic situation in the warm half year whereas in the cold half-year extreme precipitation occurs with the highest probability at southern inflow of air masses at cyclonic situation (Sc). 103
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2007, 17; 87-103
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie opadów atmosferycznych w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim w latach 1980-2008
Atmospheric precipitation differentiation in the Kaffioyra region (NW Spitsbergen) in summer season, 1980-2008
Autorzy:
Przybylak, R.
Araźny, A.
Kejna, M.
Maszewski, R.
Wyszyński, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260663.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
Kaffioyra
sezon letni
opady atmosferyczne
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
summer season
precipitation
atmospheric circulation
Opis:
W opracowaniu przedstawiono zróżnicowanie warunków opadowych w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim na podstawie danych z lat 1980-2008. Zbadano wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej i warunków lokalnych na opady atmosferyczne. Uzyskane wyniki porównano ze stacją Ny-Alesund.
Precipitation in the Arctic, including Spitsbergen, is very important for both the biosphere and for the mass balance of glaciers. Our knowledge about its values inside Arctic islands is limited because almost all meteorological stations are located on tundra below 200 m a.s.l. Therefore any information about precipitation conditions occurring on glaciated and non-glaciated areas lying in the inner parts of Spitsbergen is very valuable. In this paper we present results of precipitation measurements carried out in north-western Spitsbergen (the Kaffioyra region and the Ny Alesund station) in selected summer seasons during the period 1980-2008. Precipitation measurements in the Kaffioyra region have been done during Toruń Polar Expeditions in three stations (base station – Kaffioyra-Heggodden (KH) and two glacier stations located in the lower part (LW1) and upper part (LW2) (see Figure 1 and Table 1). Data for the Ny Alesund (NA) station were obtained from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. In the KH and NA stations measurements were recorded every day, while in LW1 and LW2 they were generally taken every 1-2 days. Results of precipitation conditions are presented for a common period of observations, i. e. for 21st July-31st August. The influence of atmospheric circulation on precipitation was investigated using the catalogue of circulation types constructed by Niedźwiedź (2009). In the summer season precipitation is greater at the end of the study period, than at the beginning. Year-to-year variability of summer precipitation totals is very large. For example, in KH, the highest precipitation (122.5 mm) occurred in 1997, while the lowest (12.3 mm) was in 2007 (Table 2). Also, the frequency of daily precipitation (.0.1 mm) is significantly greater in most wet summer (61.9%) than in most dry summer (28.6%) (see Table 3). Daily precipitation of .10 mm is rare in the KH station and occurred in only 4 out of the 12 summer seasons. It is well known that precipitation is greater in the inner parts of Spitsbergen than in tundra areas. Less is known, however, about the magnitudes of these differences. For the Kaffioyra region precipi-tation observations are available for 9 summer seasons (Tables 5 and 6). From these Tables and Figure 2 it is clear that precipitation on glaciers is almost always greater than in tundra. On average, summer precipitation totals are greater in LW1 and LW2 than in KH by 21.5 and 35.1 mm, respectively. The greatest differences occurred in 1980, while the lowest were in 2007, when even in LW1 precipitation was lower than in KH (Table 5, Figure 3). Lapse rates of precipitation in the Kaffioyra region are greatest between tundra and glaciated areas (oscillating between 13.2mm/100m and 18.5mm/100m between KH and LW2 and KH and LW1, respectively (Table 7)). On the other hand, this lapse rate between stations LW1 and LW2 is the lowest (only 10.7 mm/100 m). Correlation coefficients of 10-day precipitation totals between the meteorological stations in the Kaffioyra region are very high and exceed 0.9. The greatest precipitation in the Kaffioyra region occurred during the inflow of air masses from the southern sector (Table 8, Fig. 7).
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2009, 19; 189-202
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Meteorologiczne i orograficzne uwarunkowania depozycji jonowej z opadów i osadów atmosferycznych w rejonie Hornsundu w okresie lipiec 1999 - czerwiec 2000
Meteorological and orographic conditions of ionic deposition from precipitations and atmospheric deposots in the Hornsund area in the period July 1999 - June 2000
Autorzy:
Bryś, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260905.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
opady atmosferyczne
osady atmosferyczne
Spitsbergen
precipitation
atmospheric deposots
Opis:
The fog deposition and also sedimentary and precipitation results of the ?seeder-feeder? effect and the passed flows of wet ?trans-fluent? masses cause to local perturbation typical horizontal and vertical distribution in the quantity and structure of ionic deposition in the Hornsund area. A specta-cular size of the perturbations is showed by an altitude inversion, rise conductivity and increasing ionic amount of Cl- and Mg++ (and also growth of proportion Mg++ to Ca++ ions) on the uppermost level of seaside mountains in relation to their down slopes and foot of ones. The 'ionic privilege' of 'trans-fluent' passes is also a frequently observed effect. The fog deposition is most often connected with winds from W-SW, whereas in winter time from E-ENE, but local orographic conditions (directions of glacial valleys axes, pass pattern) in some degree transform fields of wind and cloud water fogs. The deposition of hard or clear rime and mixtures of hard-clear rime and glaze is related with advections from W-SW (the most frequency in summer time) and S-SSW (characteristic for early autumn), whereas in winter time, when is the most frequent advection from E-ENE, soft rime is sometimes appeared besides hard rime. The last situation is most characteristic for inversion fogs. Intensification of cyclonic circulation over Spitsbergen, especially in polar night time, and con-nected with it episodes of advection of wet, relative warm and with big dynamics air masses, conduce to increasing role of the distinguished perturbations in annual and seasonal distribution of ionic deposition.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2002, 12; 89-106
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie wilgotności względnej i opadów atmosferycznych w rejonie Forlandsundet (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim 2010
Differentiation of relative humidity and precipitation in the Forlandsundet region (NW Spitsbergen) in the summer 2010
Autorzy:
Araźny, A.
Przybylak, R.
Kejna, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
topoklimat
wilgotność względna
opady atmosferyczne
cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
Spitsbergen
Forlandsundet
topoclimate
relative humidity
precipitation
atmospheric circulation
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zróżnicowanie wilgotności względnej powietrza oraz opadów atmosferycznych w rejonie Forlandsundet (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim (21 VII - 31 VIII) 2010 roku. Do analizy wzięto cogodzinne dane wilgotności względnej (z 18 stanowisk) oraz sumy opadów atmosferycznych z okresów 1-3 dniowych (z 11 stanowisk). Dla obydwu badanych elementów meteorologicznych stwierdzono znaczne przestrzenne zróżnicowanie ich wartości uwarunkowane rodzajem podłoża, wysokością nad poziom morza, odległością od morza, ekspozycją oraz lokalną cyrkulacją atmosferyczną. Zbadano wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej na wartości wilgotności względnej i opadów atmosferycznych korzystając z kalendarza typów cyrkulacji dla Spitsbergenu.
In the paper some main results concerning spatial differentiation of relative humidity and precipitation in the Forlandsundet region (NW Spitsbergen) in summer season (21 VII - 31 VIII) of 2010 are presented (Table 1, Figs 1-2). For analysis hourly data from 18 and 11 sites, respectively for relative humidity and precipitation have been used. Relative humidity was measured using automatic weather stations Davis Ventage Pro2 and MadgeTech sensors. On the other hand, for measurements of precipitation Hellmanns' ombrometers and automatic weather stations Davis Ventage Pro2 have been utilised. Large spatial differences of relative humidity and precipitation noted in the study area were influenced by different factors, e.g. character of ground, altitude above sea level, distance from the sea coast, exposition to the sun and incoming air masses, and local atmospheric circulation. Highest mean values of relative humidity (94.6%) occurred at the site surrounded by the sea (Sarstangen Peninsula, SAT), while the lowest one (86.4%) at the site located 200 m from the Waldemar Glacier termini (ATA) (Table 3, Fig. 3). The first half of the day saw highest values of relative humidity than the second one (Fig. 4). The reason of this may be explained by the opposite daily course of air temperature. Daily courses are getting more and more clear in line with decreasing value of cloudi-ness (Fig. 5). In the Forlandsunet region most frequent were air masses which can be described as humid and very humid. Days with moderate dry and dry air were noted very rarely (Fig. 6). Relative humidity shows usually very high and statistically significant correlation between data from the analysed sites (Table 3). Weak and not statistically significant correlations (r < 0.3) were calculated only between the following pair of sites SAT-PH2 and SJ1-PH2. In the summer 2010 the lowest total of precipitation (8.5 mm) in the KH station, out of all Toruń Polar Expeditions since 1975, have been observed (Table 4). In the firn part of the Waldemar Glacier seasonal total of precipitation was 3-4 times greater than in sites located on coastal plains. In the Kaffioyra Plain and Waldemar Glacier region vertical lapse rate was twofold greater between KH and LW1 than between KH and LW2 (14.7 and 7.7 mm/100m, respectively). In the entire study area, highest summer total of precipitation occurred in the middle part of the Prins Karls Forland island. Relationships between atmospheric circulation and relative humidity as well as precipitation were investigated using data from the KH station and calendar of daily synoptic types for Spitsbergen constructed by Tadeusz Niedźwiedź (Table 5). The most humid conditions in the summer 2010 were observed during inflow of air masses from south-western direction (6.6% above summer mean), while most dry air (-9.7%) - from the north-eastern direction. Similar relationships have been found for precipitation. Analysis of relationships occurring between direction of winds and relative humidity data confirms also the above results. Highest values of relative humidity (>90%) were observed during winds inflowing from the southern sector, while the lowest ones - from the north-eastern direction (Fig. 7).
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2011, 21; 155-172
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ujemny trend rocznych sum opadowych na Stacji im. H. Arctowskiego (Wyspa Króla Jerzego, Szetlandy Pd., Antarktyka Zach.)
The negative trend of annual precipitation sum at the Arctowski Station (King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica)
Autorzy:
Marsz, A. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260969.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Szetlandy Południowe
Antarktyka Zachodnia
opady
sumy opadowe
Stacja Arctowskiego
South Shetland Islands
West Antarctica
Arctowski Station
precipitation
precipitation sum
Opis:
The paper treats variabiliry of annual precipitation sum registred at the Arctowski Station for the 1978-1996 time period. The annual sum of precipitation show a big variability, its to possible to distinguish three periods in their course. For the period 1978-1985 mean annua1 precipitation sum amounted 560 mm (δn = 26 mm), for the next period (1986-1989) precipitation sum was characterised by a very strong variability (min = 377, max = 630 mm) mean precipitation sum amounted 472 mm,where δn = 95.4 mm. For the last, third period (1990-1996) mean precipitation sum amounted 456 mm (o n = 26.1 mm) (tab. l, fig. 1). Occurrence of strong periodicty every 6.0, 2.0, 4.50, 2.57 and 9.0 years has been found for the course of annual precipitation sum (fig. 2). Also, the spectrum analysis of a course of monthly precipitation sum in March (maximum of precipitation) and August (minimum of precipitation) has been led. Analysis showed the existence strong common periodicity (for annual and month sum: maximum and minimum) every 2.00, 3.60 and 6.00 years. Analysis of amplitudes and phases of periodicity do not explain the occurrence of so big variability of observed precipitation sum. The strong negative trend of annual precipitation sum, significant from the statistic point of view occurs here (fig. 3, formula l). Negative trends were also found in: the course of mean monthly precipitation sum for 8 from 12 monts of a year (the strongest and significant in February), in the course of number of days with measurable precipitation, in the mean annual twenty-four-hours precipitation sum. The negative trend of precipitation sum at Arctowski Station is not conformable to signalised (Ackley S., Bentley C., Foldvik A., Clarke A., King J, Priddle J. 1996.) positive trend of precipitation sum, which appears on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The examination of relation between precipitation sum at the Arctowski Station with walues of SOI shows, that the strongest relations between annual and maximum precipitation sum in a given year appears with one year delay (SOI of the previous year - precipitation of the present year), whereas in case of minimum sum the strongest relation appears with three years defay (tab. 2). The significant relation between monthly precipitation sum at the Arctowski Station and values of SOI appears in January and February (fig. 4, the strongest correlation with values of SOI are the end of winter and spring of the previous year). The negative trend of SOI correspond with the negative annual precipitation sum at the Arctowski Station. The observed environmental results, which confirms decrease of precipitation sum at the Arctowski Station has been shortly discussed (decrease of fields of permanent snow, disapperance of lakes and seasonal streams, drying of seashore terraces, hastening of ablation of glaciers ice from a surrounding glaciers, hastening of deglaciation processes).
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 1998, 8; 63-77
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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