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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of a Model Reactive Armour without Metal Plates
    Autorzy:
    Trzciński, Waldemar A.
    Zalewski, Karol
    Chyłek, Zbigniew
    Szymańczyk, Leszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27788236.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    reactive armour
    metalized explosives
    jet penetration
    Opis:
    Explosive reactive armour (ERA) is widely used to protect military vehicles against shaped charges and kinetic projectiles, but the use of the ERA element with metal plates is potentially hazardous to the surroundings. A patent claim has recently been issued on explosive reactive armour without metal plates. The non-metallic ERA consists of an explosive, a heavy metal powder and a binder. The aim of the present work was to experimentally test the effectiveness of such armour for disrupting cumulative jets. HMX was used as the explosive matrix and RTV silicone as the binder. Tungsten (W) powder was added to the explosive. The disruption of the cumulative jet was assessed on the basis of X-ray images, the number and size of holes in a steel plate, which was placed under the shaped charge, and the penetration depth of a steel target. It was shown that reactive armour consisting of HMX and W powder was effective in dispersing the cumulative jet, especially for a small impact angle (30°). The influence of the W particle size and the content of the W powder in the armour on jet were investigated. Finally, the effectiveness of one of the tested reactive armours was compared with that of classic reactive armour with steel plates.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2022, 19, 2; 113--134
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of the Effectiveness of Reactive Armours with Nitrocellulose and Cellulose Composites in Jet Dispersion
    Autorzy:
    Trzciński, W. A.
    Cudziło, S.
    Dyjak, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358280.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitrocellulose-cellulose composites
    reactive armour
    Opis:
    Monolithic nitrocellulose and cellulose (NC-C) composites solidified with starch were used in a model reactive armour with steel plates. The acceleration ability of the gaseous reaction products of composites was examined by the use of X-ray technique. The effectiveness of the reactive armour containing NC-C composites in weakening the ability of jet penetration was assessed experimentally on the basis of the size of holes in the steel plates and effects of the impact of jet particles on a steel plate located under the armour. It has been shown that the size of the holes in the driven plate increases and the degree of penetration of the “witness” plate is reduced with the decrease of the angle of jet impact. The modified Gurney model was applied to simulate the process of driving steel plates in the reactive armor with a layer of NC-C composite. The model was verified by using the results of X-ray recording of plates driven by the reaction products. The effectiveness of reactive armors with NC-C composites in weakening the penetration ability of shaped charge jets was evaluated in a manner based on the results of theoretical modeling
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 1; 99-115
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preparation and Characterization of Monolithic Nitrocellulose-Cellulose Composites
    Autorzy:
    Cudziło, S.
    Dyjak, S.
    Trzciński, W. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358357.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitrocellulose-cellulose composites
    reactive armour
    Opis:
    Monolithic nitrocellulose-cellulose composites were prepared by separately cross-linking the mixed precursors (NC + C) with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The syntheses were optimised according to the component mass ratios, HDI, solvent and catalyst concentration. The concentrations of the reactants and cure catalyst are the most important factors. The general method of synthesis involved dissolving HDI and the catalyst in methylene chloride and then wetting an NC-C mixture with the solution. The resulting mixture was placed in a sealed box for cross-linking at room temperature. Finally the solvent was evaporated at ca. 40 C. The NC-C composites obtained were characterized using TG/DTA and sensitivity to friction and drop weight impact, and were used as energetic materials in reactive armour elements.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 2; 139-146
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of a Model Reactive Armour with Nitrocellulose and Cellulose Composites
    Autorzy:
    Trzciński, W. A.
    Cudziło, S.
    Dyjak, S.
    Szymańczyk, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358888.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitrocellulose-cellulose composites
    reactive armour
    Gurney model
    Opis:
    Monolithic nitrocellulose and cellulose composites (NC-C) were obtained by cross-linking a mixture of nitrocellulose with cellulose using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). They were incorporated into a model reactive armour. An X-ray technique was used to examine the infuence of the cellulose content on the accelerating ability of the gaseous reaction products of the composites. The modifed Gurney model was used to simulate the process of driving steel plates in the reactive armour after jet impact. Formulae for the determination of the time-space characteristics of the plates’ movement were derived. The results of the X-ray recording of the plates driven by the explosion products of monolithic nitrocellulose and cellulose composites (NC-C) were used for the verifcation of the model.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 2; 191-207
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modeling for Detonation and Energy Release from Peroxides and Non-Ideal Improvised Explosives
    Autorzy:
    Price, M. A.
    Ghee, A. H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358812.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    improvised explosive
    non-ideal
    reactive flow
    ANFO
    peroxide
    Opis:
    This work focuses on the development of models for predicting explosive power and air blast from the detonation of organic peroxides (TATP and HMTD) and non-ideal explosives involving ammonium nitrate, urea nitrate, and chlorates. CHEETAH calculations assuming ideal behaviour are in agreement with literature data for peroxides. However, the detonation behaviour of non-ideal explosives is dependent on charge size and confnement. This behaviour is investigated using thermo-chemical calculations with Kinetic CHEETAH, and reactive fow models with AUTODYN. A simplifed ignition and growth (I&G) model was calibrated using experimental charge diameter vs. VoD data. I&G models are used to predict the front curvature, reaction zone structure, and energy release from the non-ideal explosives. Detonation and air blast predictions for peroxides and unconfned and confned (paper, plastic, steel) non-ideal charges are presented.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2009, 6, 3-4; 239-254
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental Studies on a High Energy Sheet Explosive Based on RDX and Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) Formal/Acetal (BDNPF/A)
    Autorzy:
    Jangid, S. K.
    Singh, M. K.
    Solanki, V. J.
    Pandit, G.
    Nath, T.
    Sinha, R. K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358136.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    sheet explosive
    polyurethane
    explosive reactive armour
    BDNPF/A
    RDX
    Opis:
    A plastic bonded explosive (PBX) in the form of a sheet explosive was formulated with 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) dispersed in a polymeric matrix of a thermoplastic linear polyurethane and a 50/50 wt.% eutectic mixture of energetic plasticizers, viz., bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal (BDNPF) and bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal (BDNPA) was used to increase the performance of the sheet explosive in terms of its velocity of detonation (VOD). The sheet explosives were prepared by a rolling process. Natural rubber (ISNR-5) based sheet explosive was taken as the standard composition. The study showed that the BDNPF/A based sheet explosive has a velocity of detonation of 7850 m/s, which is about 900 m/s higher than the standard composition. Thermal analysis of the sheet explosive formulations was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 557-566
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Comparative Numerical and Experimental Study of Light Weight Materials for Neutralizing Explosive Reactive Armour
    Autorzy:
    Naeem, Khalid
    Hussain, Arshad
    Malik, Abdul Qadeer
    Abbas, Shakeel
    Ahmad, Iftikhar
    Farrukh, Sarah
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27788026.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    simulation
    explosive reactive armour
    Kontakt-5
    non-initiating precursor
    tandem
    Opis:
    Explosive reactive armour (ERA) consists of an explosive sandwiched between two metal plates fitted on armoured vehicles to enhance their protection. To defeat an ERA mounted vehicle, its ERA must be neutralized first. A precursor fitted in a TANDEM warhead is used for this purpose in two modes. One is to detonate the ERA and the other is without detonation. This paper presents work performed on the ability of light-weight materials to neutralize the Kontakt-5 ERA without detonation. The precursor performing in this manner is known as a non-initiating precursor (NIP). Eight experiments were performed with aluminium, Teflon® and perspex as liners, against Kontakt-5 ERAs at about 90º and 30º inclination. In five of these experiments, the ERA did not detonate, however in three experiments it did detonated. In all of the experiments the precursor over-performed, producing a prominent hole in the target larger than that predicted by simulation. The over-performance was balanced by decreasing the angle of attack. These experiments demonstrated that an NIP depends strongly upon the ERA as well as on the angle of attack. The overall conclusion from this work is that an NIP is a promising technique to defeat a specific ERA without detonation.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2021, 18, 2; 271--286
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Processing Techniques on Mechanical Properties and Impact Initiation of an Al-PTFE Reactive Material
    Autorzy:
    Feng, B.
    Fang, X.
    Li, Y.-C.
    Wu, S.-Z.
    Mao, Y.-M.
    Wang, H.-X.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    Al-PTFE
    reactive materials
    quasi-static compression
    impact initiation
    Opis:
    Reactive materials (RMs) or impact-initiated materials have received much attention as a class of energetic materials in recent years. To assess the influence of processing techniques on mechanical properties and impact initiation behaviors of an Al-PTFE reactive material, quasi -static compression tests and drop-weight tests were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify the characteristics of the interior microstructures of the Al-PTFE samples. A sintering process was found to transform Al-PTFE from a brittle to a ductile material with an increased elasticity modulus (from 108-160 MPa to 256-336 MPa) and yield stress (from 12-16 MPa to 19-20 MPa). Increasing the molding pressure from 36 MPa to 182 MPa increased the elastic modulus of all Al-PTFE samples and also the yield stress of unsintered ones. Unsintered samples in general required less energy to initiate than sintered ones. As the molding pressure increased, the impact initiation energy for sintered Al-PTFE fell from 96 J to 68 J, whereas the initiation energy for unsintered Al-PTFE rose from 68 J to 85 J. PTFE nanofiber networks observed in sintered samples formed under the higher molding pressures could contribute to the opposite trends observed in the impact initiation energy of unsintered and sintered Al-PTFE samples.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 989-1004
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental Studies on Advanced Sheet Explosive Formulations Based on 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB), and Comparison with a RDX-based System
    Autorzy:
    Jangid, S. K.
    Talawar, M. B.
    Singh, M. K.
    Nath, T.
    Sinha, R. K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358055.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    hazardous materials
    sheet explosive
    explosive reactive armour (ERA)
    CL-20
    RDX
    Opis:
    The present investigation reports the use of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) in sheet explosive formulations. In this study, hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based sheet explosives were prepared incorporating the powerful explosive CL-20 as a partial replacement for hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX). The effects of incorporating CL-20 on the performance, sensitivity, thermal and mechanical properties of the sheet explosive compositions are reported. Sheet explosive formulation containing 80% of RDX and 20% of HTPB-binder was studied as control sample. HTPBbinder consisted of 12% HTPB, 2.9% dioctyl adipate (DOA) and 5.1% dioctyl phthalate (DOP). HTPB was cured with 4,4’-methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate (MDI) to form urethane linkages. The incorporation of 20% of CL-20 in place of RDX led to a remarkable increase in the velocity of detonation (VOD), of the order of 7680 m/s, and to better mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength (1.14 MPa) compared to the control formulation [RDX /HTPB-binder (80/20)]. The 20% CL-20 incorporated sheet explosive formulation also showed remarkable increases in impact and shock sensitivity. Thermal analysis of the sheet explosive compositions has also been carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 1; 135-147
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurement of the Heat of Reaction of Polytetrafluoroethylene/Aluminum Composites Based on Laser Initiation
    Autorzy:
    Li, S.
    Wu, Y.
    Lin, Q.
    Huang, C.
    Yang, S.
    Li, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358195.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    reactive materials
    PTFE/Al composites
    heat of reaction
    laser initiation
    Opis:
    Polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/Al) composites are reactive materials which can release energy due to exothermic chemical reactions initiated under shock loading conditions. In order to accurately measure the potential maximum heat of reaction of PTFE/Al composites in an inert atmosphere, we propose in this paper a heat of reaction measurement system based on laser initiation. Our results show that the measurement system successfully initiates the chemical reaction between PTFE and Al in an argon atmosphere. The comparison between theoretical calculations and experimental data demonstrates that our measurement method is highly accurate and exhibits excellent consistency. Thus, the heat of reaction measurement system based on laser initiation is applicable for measuring the heat of reaction of PTFE/Al composites and also other complicated reactive materials.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 3; 534-546
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on the Effect of a Covalently Bonded PGN Based Reactive Plasticizer on the Thermal Decomposition Behaviour of Glycidyl Azide Polymer
    Autorzy:
    Bodaghi, Asghar
    Shahidzadeh, Mansour
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358381.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    plasticizer
    reactive plasticizer
    glycidyl azide polymer
    kinetic study
    activation energy
    Opis:
    Plasticizers are one of the additives that are added to polymers to increase the plasticity or decrease the viscosity of the material. Here, we have synthesized and characterized a new PGN-based reactive energetic plasticizer that has an oligomeric structure. The reactive energetic plasticizer can be grafted onto glycidyl azide polymer via a Cu-free Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The effect of the covalently bonded PGN-based plasticizer on the thermal properties of GAP-g-PGN copolymer has been investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicate that the glass transition temperature of the prepolymer is decreased from –47.8 to –50.7 °C. Also, the kinetics of the thermal behaviour of GAP-g-PGN copolymer was determined by the application of the Kissinger and FWO kinetic models. The activation energies calculated by the Kissinger method were 165 and 188 kJ/mol for peak 1 and peak 2, respectively. Furthermore, the critical temperature (Tb) of thermal explosion for this energetic copolymer was estimated to be 182 °C.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2019, 16, 2; 259-280
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characterization and Application of Al/Ni Reactive Multilayers in Exploding Foils
    Autorzy:
    Wang, T.
    Zeng, Q.
    Li, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358516.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    energetic material
    Al/Ni reactive multilayer foils
    bilayer thickness
    exploding foil initiator
    Opis:
    A self-propagating reaction achieved by initiating an Al/Ni reactive multilayer foil can generate significant heat. The interdiffusion rate of the reactants plays an important role in the foils properties and is mainly affected by premixing and the bilayer thickness. The present research aims to characterize Al/Ni multilayer foils and to investigate their influence on an exploding foil initiator. Samples with different bilayer thicknesses were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The heat released and the flame velocity were characterized. Foils with a stored energy of about 1100 J/g were prepared and the heat released revealed the existence of a 4 nm premixing layer. The analytical model proposed by Mann was employed to match the measured flame velocities; the fitted model showed good agreement with the experimental results. To make a comparison, Cu and Al/Ni exploding foils with the same bridge size were fabricated and tested in the identical discharge circuit. The results showed that the energy deposition ratio of an Al/Ni foil was 67-69%, while the value for Cu was only 39-45%, which indicated that Al/Ni multilayers could effectively increase the energy utilization of an initiator. Larger average flyer velocities were also observed with the Al/Ni initiators.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 3; 547-558
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical Simulation of the Deflagration to Detonation Transition in Granular High-Energy Solid Propellants
    Autorzy:
    Zhen, Fei
    Wang, Liqiong
    Wang, Zhuoqun
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951503.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    deflagration to detonation transition
    two-phase reactive flow model
    WENO
    solid volume fraction
    pressure exponent
    Opis:
    This paper describes a one-dimensional code developed for analyzing the two-phase deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) phenomenon in granular high-energy solid propellants. The deflagration to detonation transition model was established based on a one-dimensional two-phase reactive flow model involving basic flow conservation equations and constitutive relations. The whole system was solved using a high resolution 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) scheme for spatial discretization, coupled with a 3rd-order TVD Runge-Kutta method for time discretization, to improve the accuracy and prevent excessive dispersion. An inert two-phase shock tube problem was carried out to access the developed code. The DDT process of high-energy solid propellants was simulated and the parameters of detonation pressure, run distance to detonation and time to detonation were calculated. The results show that for a solid propellant bed with solid volume fraction 0.65, the run distance to detonation was about 120 mm, the detonation induced time was 28 μs, and the detonation pressure was 18 GPa. In addition, the effects of solid volume fraction (φs) and pressure exponent (n) on the deflagration to detonation transition were also investigated. The numerical results for the DDT phenomenon are in good agreement with experimental results available in the literature.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2019, 16, 4; 504-519
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of plant o-dihydroxyphenols and quinone on generation of reactive oxygen species within the grain aphid tissues
    Autorzy:
    Lukasik, I.
    Golawska, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/55446.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    Sitobion avenae
    reactive oxygen species
    Homoptera
    cereal
    hydrogen peroxide
    Aphididae
    tissue
    grain aphid
    plant pest
    phenol
    o-dihydroxyphenol
    quinone
    Opis:
    Effect of some dietary o-dihydroxyphenols and quinones on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration within tissues of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera, Aphididae) has been studied. Among the studied aphid morphs the highest level of H2O2 total was noted for winged adults (alatae) and the lowest for larvae. The aphids exposed to the dietary pro-oxidative o-dihydroxyphenols demonstrated significantly higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide than the control ones. Among the studied compounds, caffeic acid showed the strongest effect on the H2O2 level within the aphid tissues. The highest concentration (0.1%) of this phenolic acid caused above 2-fold increase in the content of this radical within the grain aphid tissues. The significance of these results for understanding the toxicity of phenols to cereal aphids is discussed.
    Źródło:
    Pestycydy; 2008, 3-4; 117-124
    0208-8703
    Pojawia się w:
    Pestycydy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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