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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Nanoaluminium: Is There any Relationship between Particle Size, Non-isothermal Oxidation Data and Ballistics?
    Autorzy:
    Gromov, A.
    Teipel, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358282.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    combustion
    thermal analysis
    oxidation
    nanoaluminium
    Opis:
    This article focuses on data analyses and comparisons for aluminium nanopowders (or nanoaluminium, nAl) reactions under slow (0.5-20.0 K/min, using DTA/DSC/TGA) and fast (>10000 K/min, combustion in solid propellant formulations) non-isothermal oxidation. Particle sizes were defined through the BET method. Active Al content was related with the averaged reactivity parameters, taken from published DTA/DSC/TGA data. The specific oxidation onset temperature for nAl was poorly correlated with the BET particle size under the conditions investigated. Furthermore, the BET particle size exhibited no correlation with the observed ballistic response (burning rate) at 3.0 MPa. A logarithmic correlation y = 17.484 ln(x) – 5813, with R² = 0.73, was found between nAl particle size and its aluminium content. A calibration equation for the oxidation onset temperature as a function of nAl particle size was determined as y = −0.0071x2 + 3.3173x + 479.32, with R² = 0.75. Specific features of the nAl (metallic aluminum content in nAl and the oxidation onset temperature) can be predicted based on the measured powder parameters (such as BET particle size).
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 3; 501-519
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Comparison of the Sensitivity and Performance Characteristics of Melt-pour Explosives with TNT and DNAN Binder
    Autorzy:
    Trzciński, W.
    Cudziło, S.
    Dyjak, S.
    Nita, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358284.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    insensitive explosives
    thermal analysis and performance
    Opis:
    Some sensitivity and performance characteristics for pure 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), as well as for meltpour composites containing 40% of DNAN or TNT, 20% of RDX, and 40% of NTO were determined (under the same conditions) and compared.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 3; 443-455
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane/Ammonium Perchlorate
    Autorzy:
    Zhu, Y.-L.
    Wang, K.-K.
    Shan, M.-X.
    Zheng, X.-D.
    Jiao, Q.-J.
    Wang, J.-S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358067.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane
    ammonium perchlorate
    thermal analysis
    thermal decomposition kinetics
    Opis:
    The thermal decomposition kinetics of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane/ ammonium perchlorate (HNIW/AP) have been investigated by thermogravimetrydifferential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS) simultaneous analysis. TG showed that there were three weight loss processes for the thermal decomposition of the HNIW/AP mixture. The first was ascribed mainly to the thermal decomposition of HNIW, while the second and third were assigned to that of AP. The presence of AP has little effect on the thermal decomposition process of the HNIW component. The apparent activation energy of the thermal decomposition of the HNIW component, calculated by the Kissinger method, was little changed compared to that of neat HNIW. The addition of HNIW to AP caused the onset and end temperatures of the thermal decomposition to be decreased and the decomposition process to be shortened. The high-temperature and lowtemperature decomposition processes of AP became blurred in the presence of HNIW, and this was supported by the MS results.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 1; 149-159
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Guanylurea Dinitramide (GUDN) on the Thermal Behaviour, Sensitivity and Ballistic Properties of the B-KNO3-PEC Ignition System
    Autorzy:
    Badgujar, D. M.
    Phatak, S.
    Wagh, R. M.
    Bhingarakar, V.
    Talawar, M. B.
    Kakade, S. D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358215.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    ballistics
    guanylurea dinitramide
    igniter
    sensitivity
    thermal analysis
    Opis:
    Boron and potassium nitrate are the key components for the ignition system of the igniter composition for rocket propellants. Boron-potassium nitrate-ethyl cellulose (B:KNO3:PEC) in proportions of 30:70:10 is a well established igniter composition. The composition delivers a maximum pressure in the range 4.0-4.6 MPa in closed vessel firing at a loading density of 0.01 g/cm3. For the effective ignition of a large booster stage propellant (length more than 4 m), an enhancement in the maximum pressure, without affecting safety, is a prime requirement. The use of guanylurea dinitramide (GUDN) in an igniter composition has not been reported in the literature. Hence, the present study on the effect of GUDN on the combustion behaviour and sensitivity of the B/KNO3 composition (30/70) has been carried out. Several compositions containing different weight percents of GUDN were prepared. Their thermal behaviour was determined by thermal analysis DSC-TGA. Their sensitivities to external stimuli such as impact, friction and spark were evaluated. The results of closed vessel firings indicated that GUDN-based igniter compositions produced higher peak pressures (up to 4.5 MPa to 5.8 MPa), with invariably lower burning times, compared to the control composition. The REAL computer programme indicated an increase in the flame temperature of the composition from 2238 K to 2425 K on addition of GUDN. All of the compositions were insensitive towards friction up to 36 kg, and towards spark up to 5 J energy.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 2; 315-326
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Explosive Properties of 4,4’,5,5’-Tetranitro-2,2’-bi-1H-imidazole Dihydrate
    Autorzy:
    Lewczuk, R.
    Szala, M.
    Rećko, J.
    Cudziło, S.
    Klapötke, T. M.
    Trzciński, W. A.
    Szymańczyk, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358061.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    TNBI dihydrate
    NTO
    explosives
    detonation properties
    thermal analysis
    Opis:
    This paper reports measured explosive properties of 4,4’,5,5’-tetranitro-2,2’-bi-1H-imidazole dihydrate (TNBI•2H2O). Non-isothermal kinetics analysis, calorimetric measurements, detonability tests, small-scale shock reactivity tests (SSRT), detonation velocity measurements and cylinder tests were performed. The results of the cylinder tests were used to determine the acceleration ability of TNBI•2H2O. Some experiments were conducted also with TNT, NTO, FOX-7 and RDX. Our experimental studies have shown that TNBI•2H2O is a thermodynamically stable compound, surpassing TNT with regard to its energetic and detonation parameters. The results of the SSRT indicate that this material has better performance in small charges than RDX, FOX-7 and NTO.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 612-626
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An Insensitive Booster Explosive: DAAF Surface-coated with Viton A
    Autorzy:
    Li, X.
    Wu, B.
    Liu, S.
    An, C.
    Wang, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358841.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    DAAF
    refinement
    surface-coated
    thermal analysis
    impact sensitivity
    Opis:
    3,3’-Diamino-4,4’-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) is the principal component of an insensitive booster explosive; refined DAAF and DAAF surface-coated with Viton A were prepared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize the morphology, composition, and thermal decomposition of these samples. The impact sensitivity and theoretical detonation velocity of DAAF-based composites were also measured and analyzed. The results showed that DAAF surface-coated with Viton A was successfully obtained, and the impact sensitivity of DAAF/Viton A composites was much lower than that of crude DAAF. In addition, DAAF/Viton A composites exhibited better thermal stability compared to crude DAAF and refined DAAF. The theoretical detonation velocity of DAAF/Viton A composites and TATB/Viton A composites are roughly the same. Therefore, there is still great potential for DAAF to be used as the main explosive component of a booster explosive.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 3; 445-455
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal Analysis and Sensitivity Studies on Guanylurea Dinitramide (GUDN or FOX-12) Based Melt Cast Explosive Formulations
    Autorzy:
    Badgujar, D.
    Talawar, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358782.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    guanylurea dinitramide
    FOX-12
    insensitive explosive
    sensitivity
    thermal analysis
    Opis:
    Guanylurea dinitramide (GUDN or FOX-12) is a stable salt of dinitramidic acid with good thermal stability, and is a good candidate for insensitive formulations. Thermal analysis reveals the compatibility of GUDN with benchmark explosives such as RDX and TNT in melt cast explosive formulations. The paper describes a thermal and sensitivity study of GUDN with RDX and TNT. In the present study GUDN was evaluated as a possible replacement for RDX/TNT based aluminized and non aluminized melt cast explosive formulations. The thermal properties of the composition were investigated as well as its sensitivity to impact and friction. Its thermal decomposition behavior was compared to a control composition based on RDX and TNT. The thermal and sensitivity results proved the worth of these compositions for melt cast explosive applications.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 296-303
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of Metal Oxides as Catalysts for the Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate(VII)
    Autorzy:
    Wojewódka, A.
    Zakusylo, R.
    Kravets, V.
    Romanchenko, A.
    Jarosz, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358236.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    metal oxide catalysts
    thermal decomposition
    potassium perchlorate
    manganese oxide
    copper oxide
    differential thermal analysis
    Opis:
    The results of studies on the thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate(VII) (PP) and the catalytic effects of copper, iron, nickel, titanium, magnesium, chromium and manganese oxides on the process are presented in this paper. The investigated oxides are ranked according to the magnitude of their catalytic effect; of these, CuO and МnО2 show the best catalytic performance. These oxides reduce the PP decomposition temperature from 919.3 K down to even 825.2 K. The share of the catalytic additive in the composition, required to achieve a desirable thermal decomposition profile, was found to be no more than 0.5 wt.%. The activation energy of the decomposition process was determined, using the modified Freeman and Carroll method for both neat PP and PP supplemented with MnO2; the addition of the catalyst produced a 48.8% decrease in the activation energy of thermal decomposition.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 2; 327-338
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    BuNENA-DNDA57 Combined Energetic Plasticizer for Modified Cast Double Base Propellants
    Autorzy:
    Maraden, A. M.
    Stojan, P.
    Zigmund, J.
    Matyáš, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358752.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    modified cast double base propellant
    burning rate
    thermal analysis
    BuNENA
    DNDA57
    Opis:
    Modification of cast double base propellants is somewhat of an art form. Obtaining a final propellant grain that has the right balance between energetic liquids and solid ingredients with the desired properties requires great effort. Four formulations of a modified cast double base propellant with different RDX contents have been prepared. A combination of BuNENA and DNDA57 energetic plasticizers has been used to overcome the problems that occur with a high nitroglycerin content. The effect of the RDX content on the burning behaviour, activation energies, and sensitivity to impact has been studied. Burning rate measurements have been performed using a closed bomb SV-2 to investigate the burning behaviour under a wide range of operating pressures. DTA and DSC thermal analysis were conducted to evaluate the thermal behaviour of the prepared modified double base propellants. The results showed that the formulation with only the combined plasticizer has the highest burning rate and activation energy and the lowest sensitivity to impact.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 3; 485-500
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of the Shelf Life of Composite Solid Propellants in Air and Nitrogen Atmospheres through Thermal Ageing
    Autorzy:
    Keshavarz, Mohammad Hossein
    Hosseini, Seyyed Hesamodin
    Mehran, Karimi
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27787850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    composite solid propellant
    inert atmosphere
    dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
    DMTA
    damping
    ageing
    Opis:
    This work introduces dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) as an efficient method for the assessment of the shelf life of solid composite solid propellants in air and nitrogen atmospheres. The samples were aged at three temperatures 323.15, 333.15, and 343.15 K for 60, 120, and 180 days. The two different methods of Arrhenius and Berthelot were used to compare the effects of air and nitrogen atmospheres on the ageing of composite solid propellants. Damping (Tan δ) of composite solid propellants was used to determine the shelf life of the samples based on the loss of half of the physical property Tan δ (50% drop in damping). For the air atmosphere, the calculated activation energy for the degradation reactions of the samples was 86.26 kJ·mol–1. Both models, Arrhenius and Berthelot, confirmed that the shelf lives of the samples under the nitrogen atmosphere are more than four times those in an air atmosphere.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2021, 18, 1; 25--45
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badanie właściwości katalizatora Raney’a
    Investigation of Raney catalyst
    Autorzy:
    Maranda, A.
    Szala, M.
    Szymańczyk, L.
    Choiński, D.
    Szajna, E.
    Bielecki, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92659.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    katalizator Raney’a
    aktywacja sonochemiczna
    analiza termiczna
    Raney catalyst
    sonochemical activation
    thermal analysis
    thermogravimetry
    Opis:
    W pracy przeprowadzono sonochemiczną aktywację katalizatora Raney’a stosując czas ekspozycji 10 min i 20 min. Następnie suszono próbki obserwując ich zachowanie. Wykonano zdjęcia próbek stosując mikroskop optyczny, które potwierdziło wpływ sonochemicznej aktywacji na wymiar ziaren katalizatora Raney’a. Wyznaczono również zbadanie charakterystyk termiczne wytypowanych próbek. Badania przeprowadzono techniką różnicowej analizy termicznej sprzężonej z termograwimetrią (DTA/TG), za pomocą różnicowego analizatora termicznego Labsys.
    The sono-chemical activation of a Raney catalyst over 10 min or 20 min were performed. The samples were then dried and changes occurring during the drying process observed. Images obtained with optical microscopy confirmed the influence of sono-chemical activation on the grain size of the Raney catalyst. The thermal characteristics of the selected samples were investigated using Differential Thermal Analysis coupled with ThermoGravimetry (DTA/TG).
    Źródło:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2016, T. 8; 103-110
    2083-0165
    Pojawia się w:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preparation, Structure and Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of Some Energetic Salts of 3-Hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole
    Autorzy:
    Wu, J. T.
    Zhang, J. G.
    Sun, M.
    Yin, X.
    Zhang, T. L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358073.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    synthesis
    crystal structure
    thermal analysis
    3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole
    energetic salts
    Opis:
    As a key research objective for low melting explosives and propellants, energetic salts have received worldwide attention. 3-Hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4triazole (HATr) is an important high-nitrogen compound (73.65% N) with good stability. This paper focuses on the energetic salts which were formed between HATr and picric acid (PA) or 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol (TNR). Single crystals of HATr·PA and HATr·TNR·H2O were grown and their crystal structures determined at low temperature. They both belong to the monoclinic system, P21/n space group. The thermal characteristics of the two target salts were investigated using DSC and TG-DTG. In addition, the non-isothermal decomposition kinetics, heats of combustion and sensitivity have also been investigated. The detonation pressures (P) and detonation velocities (D) of the salts have been calculated using the K-J equations. The results indicated that both salts have certain potential applications as gunpowder and propellant materials.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 4; 481-493
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent trends in research on energetic materials at Cambridge
    Autorzy:
    Proud, W. G.
    Walley, S. M.
    Williamson, D. M.
    Collins, A. L.
    Addiss, J. W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358917.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    Differential Mechanical Thermal Analysis
    DMTA
    polymer bonded explosive
    PBX
    thermal properties
    thermal diffusivity
    thermal conductivity
    green primers
    green explosives
    time-temperature equivalence
    strain rate
    EDC37
    RDX
    gap test
    drop-weight
    particle size distribution
    Opis:
    Recent work in our laboratory has established a time-temperature superposition law for a PBX. This was achieved by performing uniaxial compression testing over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures along with Differential Thermal Mechanical Analysis (DMTA). The classic WLF (Williams, Landel, Ferry) transform was found not to fit the shift factor needed to align the data whereas a simple log-linear fit did. The thermal properties (diffusivity, conductivity, heat capacity) of a PBX have been measured three different ways and found to agree (within experimental error) with the classic equation relating these three parameters. This gives us confidence that, for example, hot-spot ignition mechanisms of this class of energetic materials can be accurately modelled using their measured thermal properties. A modular instrumented testing facility has been designed and built to simulate and control the conditions experienced by novel heavy-metal-free (green) primers contained within ammunition. Physical data obtained from the facility, when compared with data from live fire tests, will give a greater understanding of which characteristics are important to functionality. As explosives are granular materials, the techniques developed for studying such materials are being applied to determine the effect of particle size distribution and shape on sensitivity.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2009, 6, 1; 67-102
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    N-N Bond Lengths and Initiation Reactivity of Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Zeman, Svatopluk
    Atalar, Taner
    Růžička, Aleš
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358441.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    bond length
    impact sensitivity
    nitramines
    reactivity
    thermal decomposition
    X-ray analysis
    Opis:
    For the 16 selected nitramines, it is shown that an increase in the energy content of these molecules (represented by enthalpies of formation) is connected with an increase in the lengths of the longest N–N bonds in the molecules. These lengths are directly proportional to the activation energies of the low-temperature thermal decomposition of the pure nitramines in all states of matter for this reaction. Raising the energy content also leads to reductions in the rate constants of thermal decomposition. Both of these facts are in contrast to expectations and also with similar published findings concerning thermal decomposition of nitramines in solution, which can be explained by the solvation effect and termination of the emerging aza-radicals in solutions. The calculated dissociation energies of the weakest N–N bonds yielded a relatively good reciprocal conformity with the lengths of the longest N–N bonds of the nitramines studied, especially when using the UB3LYP/6-31G* method. The relationship between the impact sensitivity of these nitramines and the lengths of their longest N–N bond is not completely clear. Such lengths cannot be a measure of impact reactivity, because the longest N–N bond might be stabilized in some cases by suitable intermolecular interactions with adjacent molecules in the crystal lattice.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2020, 17, 2; 169-200
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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