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    Tytuł:
    Studies on NTO-, FOX-7- and DNAN-based Melt Cast Formulations
    Autorzy:
    Mishra, V. S.
    Vadali, S. R.
    Bhagat, A. L.
    Garg, R. K.
    Kugaonkar, V. M.
    Raman, S.
    Sinha, R. K.
    Asthana, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358500.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    melt cast
    DNAN
    TNT
    FOX-7
    NTO
    RDX/TNT
    VOD
    sensitivity
    Opis:
    In the present paper, 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) has been evaluated as a melt cast explosive in comparison to the widely used 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The detonation failure diameter of a bare DNAN charge is greater than 100 mm and about 44 mm with 1.5 mm steel confinement. Comparative studies of two sets of formulations were carried out. The first set comprised formulations containing 60% of NTO, FOX-7, HMX or RDX and 40% of DNAN or TNT. The second set comprised formulations containing 30% of NTO, FOX-7, TATB or RDX and 70% of DNAN or TNT. The studies were mainly concentrated on characterization of the formulations, which included determination of the sensitivity parameters and the velocity of detonation (VOD). The study confirmed that DNAN and DNAN-based formulations are relatively insensitive compared to TNT and the analogous TNT-based formulations respectively. The rate of the detonation reaction of DNAN is enhanced in the presence of the high energy ingredients RDX, HMX, FOX-7 and NTO to varying degrees. The VODs of the FOX-7/TNT and RDX/TNT formulations match closely with the proportions of FOX-7 and RDX under study. The VOD and shock sensitivity of the FOX-7/DNAN formulations decrease rapidly compared to the RDX/DNAN formulations, with increases in the proportion of FOX-7 or RDX. The combinations of NTO with TNT, and NTO with DNAN, are more shock insensitive than TNT or DNAN alone. NTO-based compositions are more insensitive than FOX-7-based compositions.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 403-417
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fortifcation of W/O Emulsions by Demilitarized Explosives. Part I. Use of TNT
    Autorzy:
    Němec, O.
    Jungová, M.
    Mareček, R.
    Novotný, M.
    Zeman, S.
    Šelešovský, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358504.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    demilitarized explosives
    detonation
    emulsion
    TNT
    Opis:
    This paper presents a study of the relationship between detonation velocities, D, and relative explosive strength (RS) of fortifed W/O emulsion explosives, on the one hand, and the grain size and quality of the demilitarized TNT used for this fortifcation, on the other. It has been found that demilitarized TNT having a grain size below 400 μm could give acceptable results both in terms of initiation and detonation velocity and the RS values. Demilitarized TNT, however, is not a reliable sensitizer even in a micronized state, and therefore using TNT necessitates simultaneous sensitizing of the fnal W/O explosive with microballoons and it has no signifcantly better infuence on the performance of the resulting explosives. The small-scale cook-off test of such a W/O mixture fortifed by 50% by wt. of TNT has shown that such a mixture is a relatively safe explosive.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 3; 193-207
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the Shape of an Explosive Charge: Quantification of the Modification of the Pressure Field
    Autorzy:
    Simoens, B.
    Lefebvre, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358774.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    shape effect
    emulsion explosive
    C4
    TNT
    Opis:
    Many scientific articles dealing with the detonation of explosive charges and their effects suppose that the charge is spherical and centrally initiated. Yet, when discussing the blast wave effect, the charge shape and the location of initiation could be as important as the composition or the mass of the considered explosive. Specifically, close to the charge, the shape may cause significant modifications of the pressure field compared to the predictions developed for spherical charges. Experiments have been carried out, using an emulsion explosive, TNT and C4, in order to quantify the shape effect. Unconfined, centrally initiated spherical and cylindrical charges with different length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios have been fired. The pressure in the median plane was recorded for different reduced distances. Results for spherical charges showed excellent agreement with well-known references. The expected change of the pressure field in the median plane of a cylindrical charge was observed, directly linked to the L/D ratio. Peak overpressure magnifications of up to almost 3 have been measured. The dimensions of the zone within which an increase of the blast wave effect is observed, have also been determined. A similar behaviour for TNT and C4 has been demonstrated; but a different behaviour has been observed for the emulsion explosive.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 2; 195-213
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Reinforcement of the TNT System by a Newly-designed GAP-based Polyurethane-Urea: a Molecular Simulation Investigation
    Autorzy:
    Qian, W.
    Shu, Y.
    Ma, Q.
    Li, H.
    Wang, S.
    Chen, X.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    TNT
    GAP
    polyurethane-urea
    inter-molecular interaction
    mechanical properties
    Opis:
    A glycidyl azide (GAP)-based polyurethane-urea (PUU) modifier used in the 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene (TNT)-based composite explosive was investigated by molecular simulation. Inter-molecular interactions were investigated using quantum chemistry calculation on the dimer of TNT and GAP-PUU, and attractive forces were found between the two molecules. The cohesive energy densities and the solubility parameters were obtained through molecular dynamics simulations combined with thermodynamic calculations on the TNT and GAP-PUU amorphous cell models, and the miscibility of the modifier in molten TNT was predicted to be good. The interaction energies and the mechanical properties were then obtained by molecular simulations and mechanical calculations on the solid-phase models of the GAP-PUU with TNT along three crystalline directions, and an improvement in the mechanical properties was predicted.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 2; 411-426
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental Study of the Explosion of Aluminized Explosives in Air
    Autorzy:
    Chen, Y.
    Xu, S.
    Wu, D. J.
    Liu, D. B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358676.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    explosion in air
    aluminized explosives
    boron powders
    TNT equivalence
    fireballs
    Opis:
    Piezoelectric gauges were used to measure the shock wave overpressure of aluminized explosives and of a TNT charge. An infrared thermal-imaging spectrometer was used to collect the infrared signatures produced by the explosion fireball when the examined explosives were detonated. The measurement of the infrared signatures was used to estimate the surface temperatures and the dimensions of the fireball. Two aluminized explosive compositions (RDX/Al/AP and RDX/Al/B/AP) have been analyzed. 500 g charges of the aluminized explosives were prepared and studied, and their TNT equivalences were calculated according to the experimental data and the explosion law. The highest surface temperatures of the fireballs of these aluminized explosives were up to 1600 °C, which was higher than that of the TNT charge. In the region of the highest surface temperature above 700 °C, the duration for the composition RDX/Al/AP was about 232 ms (2.73 times more than TNT), whilst RDX/Al/B/AP was about 360 ms. The fireballs obtained from the explosion of these aluminized explosives had larger dimensions than that of TNT, especially when the surface temperature was above 1000 °C. The test results indicate that the addition of boron powders to aluminized explosives is a good way to enhance their blast effect, to improve the temperature of the explosion field and to prolong the duration of the higher temperature.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 1; 117-134
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Blast Wave Parameters of Liquid Esters of Nitric Acid: Propane-1,2,3-triyl Trinitrate, Propane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate, Ethane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate and Methyl Nitrate
    Autorzy:
    Pachman, J.
    Selesovsky, J.
    Künzel, M.
    Matyas, R.
    Kubat, K.
    Anastacio, A. C.
    Kučera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitric ester
    blast wave
    TNT equivalent
    liquid explosive
    shock wave in air
    Opis:
    A knowledge of blast wave parameters generated by detonating explosives is important for the evaluation of protective measures, modelling validation and post blast analysis. The relevant data are available for solid military explosives, but not for liquid or homemade explosives. In this contribution we present comparison of experimental incident blast wave parameters for bare charges, weighing from 100 g to 1 kg, of liquid esters of nitric acid, including propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate (NG), propane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (PGDN), ethane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (EGDN) and methyl nitrate (MeN), amongst themselves and with TNT charges of approximately the same size. The TNT equivalents, determined from both the incident overpressures and the impulse of the positive phase of the blast wave, were above 100% and showed relatively high scatter. The strongest blast wave parameters under otherwise identical conditions were observed for charges of methyl nitrate.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 375-390
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Melt-cast Energetic Matrices with 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives for Composite Explosives
    Autorzy:
    Komarova, Marina
    Vakutin, Aleksey
    Kazutin, Maxim
    Kozyrev, Nikolai
    Sukhanov, Gennady
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1063044.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    melt-cast energetic matrix
    3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole
    TNT
    composite explosives
    Opis:
    Safety requirements for the manufacture, use and storage of high-energy materials and explosive substances necessitate a search for new insensitive components of fusible energetic matrices (propellant matrices) in order to completely or partially replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and their melt-casts with TNT may be proposed as such replacements. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to characterize the thermal behaviour of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, 1-ethoxymethyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, t-butyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and their melt-casts with TNT. This study showed that 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and its melt-casts with TNT was the best for explosive systems based on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-1,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) and guanylurea dinitramide (GUDN). The present article also presents data for the mechanical sensitivity of these explosives and their calculated detonation characteristics. The composite explosive based on HMX with 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole has a calculated detonation velocity the same as HMX with TNT, but the sensitivity of HMX/TNT is 1.3-1.7 times higher.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2020, 17, 3; 344-361
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation on Stripping-down TNT from Waste Munitions by Supercritical CO2 Fluid Extraction under Low Temperature Conditions
    Autorzy:
    Yang, T.-M.
    Li, J.-S.
    Su, C.-S.
    Lu, K.-T.
    Yeh, T.-F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358681.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    treatment of waste munitions
    supercritical fluid extraction technique
    TNT
    stripping-down
    low temperature conditions
    Opis:
    The traditional methods of waste munitions treatment are expensive and also have potential risks during the treatment process. The supercritical fluid extraction technique has been a rapidly developing technique in the chemical industry in recent years. CO2 is used as the solvent, which has some advantages, such as low pollution, low cost, good chemical stability and can be operated under low temperature conditions. This research explored the feasibility of reclaiming TNT from waste munitions by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. It was found interestingly that the melting point of TNT can be lowered in supercritical CO2 fluid. Therefore, the melting process of TNT was observed under different temperature and pressure conditions to determine the best operating conditions for stripping-down TNT from waste munitions. Afterwards, simulated warheads with weight loadings of 60 g, 500 g and 1 kg of TNT were prepared and stripping-down tests from the simulated warheads were carried out using supercritical CO2 fluid at temperatures lower than the normal melting point of TNT. The results showed that TNT could be completely removed from the simulated warheads and the optimum operating conditions were determined as 55 °C and 25 MPa. This study will contribute to the feasibility evaluation of stripping-down TNT-based high explosives.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 1; 191-205
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New energetic materials derived from common explosives. Review
    2,4,6-Trinitrotoluen jako źródło nowoczesnych materiałów wybuchowych. Przegląd
    Autorzy:
    Szala, Mateusz
    Sałaciński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1068442.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
    synthesis
    cyanotrinitrobenzene
    trinitro-nitromethyl-benzene
    nitromethyl-diphenylamine
    ATNT
    BTNHT
    DATNT
    DNTN
    HNDFM
    HNS
    TNAT
    TNB
    TNBHT
    TNX
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluen (TNT)
    synteza
    cyjano-2,4,6-trinitrobenzen
    1,3,5-trinitro-2-(nitrometylo) benzen
    nitro-metylo-difenyloamina
    Opis:
    Omówiono wybrane, mające właściwości wybuchowe lub będące potencjalnie związkami energetycznymi, produkty reakcji w których 2,4,6-trinitrotoluen jest substratem. Opisano między innymi: trinitrobenzen, cyjanotrinitrobenzen, trinitroksylen, amino-trinitrotolueny, trinitro-nitrometylo-benzen, metylenobis(2,4,6-trinitrobenzen), heksanitrostilben, nitro-metylo-difenyloaminy, 4,4’,6,6’-tetranitro- 2,2’-azoksytoluen oraz pochodne 2,4,6-trinitrobenzylidenoaminy. Dla każdego opisanego związku przedstawiono ścieżkę syntezy oraz dla wybranych materiałów podano parametry detonacyjne.
    Źródło:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2020, 12, 1; 90-110
    2083-0165
    Pojawia się w:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluen jako źródło nowoczesnych materiałów wybuchowych. Przegląd
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluene as a source of modern explosives. Review
    Autorzy:
    Szala, M.
    Sałaciński, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92745.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluen (TNT)
    synteza
    cyjano-2,4,6-trinitrobenzen
    1,3,5-rinitro-2-(nitrometylo)benzen
    nitro-metylo-difenyloamina
    ATNT
    BTNHT
    DATNT
    DNTN
    HNDFM
    HNS
    TNAT
    TNB
    TNBHT
    TNX
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
    synthesis
    cyanotrinitrobenzene
    trinitro-nitromethyl-benzene
    nitromethyl-diphenylamine
    Opis:
    Omówiono wybrane, mające właściwości wybuchowe lub będące potencjalnie związkami energetycznymi, produkty reakcji w których 2,4,6-trinitrotoluen jest substratem. Opisano między innymi: trinitrobenzen, cyjanotrinitrobenzen, trinitroksylen, amino-trinitrotolueny, trinitro-nitrometylo-benzen, metylenobis(2,4,6-trinitrobenzen), heksanitrostilben, nitro-metylo-difenyloaminy, 4,4’,6,6’-tetranitro2,2’-azoksytoluen oraz pochodne 2,4,6-trinitrobenzylidenoaminy. Dla każdego opisanego związku przedstawiono ścieżkę syntezy oraz dla wybranych materiałów podano parametry detonacyjne.
    The review concentrates on some energetic compounds or compounds with potentially energetic properties which can be obtained as products of reactions with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Synthesis and main properties were presented for: trinitrobenzene, cyanotrinitrobenzene, trinitroxylene, aminotrinitrotoluenes, trinitro-nitromethyl-benzene, methylenebis(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene), hexanitrostilbene, nitro-methyl-diphenylamines, 4,4’,6,6’-tetranitro-2,2’-azoxytoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzylideneamine derivatives. For each described compound the synthesis path was described and for selected compounds detonation parameters were presented.
    Źródło:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2015, T. 7; 125-143
    2083-0165
    Pojawia się w:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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