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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Synthesis of Novel Energetic N-(1-Carboxymethyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-hydrazinium Salts
    Autorzy:
    Bayat, Y.
    Taheripouya, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357924.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    aminotetrazole
    hydrazinium salts
    nitriminotetrazole
    nitrogen-rich salts
    nitrogen salt formation
    Opis:
    Synthesis of materials with acceptable performance and low sensitivity to physical stimuli is one of the overall goals of energetic materials. The creation of networks of hydrogen bonds affords good stability to the trigger bonds. In this respect azole-based ionic high-energy materials (especially aminotetrazoles) and other nitrogen-rich compounds have strong hydrogen bonds. Significant stability, insensitivity to a physical stimulus and also good performance are thus created. In this study salts derived from N-(1-carboxymethyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-hydrazinium chloride were synthesized. Anion exchange of the chlorine with nitrate, 5-aminotetrazolate, (5-amino-tetrazole-1-yl)-acetate and (5-nitriminotetrazole-1-yl)-acetate was performed, with precipitation of AgCl. All of the products were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impact sensitivity and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Among the advantages of this study are the use of methods and available equipment and low-risk solvents during the reaction and the formation of minimum by-products.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 3; 420-434
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synthesis and Characterization of the Energetic Compounds Aminoguanidinium-, Triaminoguanidiniumand Azidoformamidinium Perchlorate
    Autorzy:
    Klapötke, T. M.
    Stierstorfer, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358855.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    perchlorates
    energetic salts
    calorimetry
    X-ray
    DSC
    Opis:
    Aminoguanidinium perchlorate (2, AGClO4) was formed by the reaction of aminoguanidinium bicarbonate (1) with aqueous perchloric acid solution. Triaminoguanidinium perchlorate (3, TAGClO4) was synthesized by nucleophilic attack of aqueous hydrazine solution on aminoguanidinium perchlorate under release of ammonia. The new and highly explosive azidoformamidinium perchlorate (4, AFClO4) was formed by the reaction of aminoguanidinium perchlorate with potassium nitrite under acidic conditions. The structures of the perchlorate salts in the crystalline state were determined using low temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction yielding monoclinic as well as orthorhombic structures. The compounds were characterized comprehensively using vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), multinuclear (1H, 13C and 15N) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. The thermal behavior as well as the decompositions were investigated using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and the heats of formation were calculated using heats of combustion determined by bomb calorimetric measurements. In addition, the sensitivities were evaluated using BAM methods (drophammer and friction tester), whereby the perchlorate salts are all sensitive towards impact as well as friction.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2008, 5, 1; 13-30
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energetic Nitrogen-rich Salts
    Autorzy:
    Wu, J.-W.
    Zhang, J.-G.
    Zhang, T.-L.
    Yang, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358479.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    energetic salts
    synthesis
    characterization
    crystal structure
    review
    Opis:
    Energetic salts as a unique class of energetic materials have recently been investigated widely, since they possess advantages over their atomically similar nonionic analogues – they tend to exhibit lower vapor pressures, higher densities and better thermal stabilities. Furthermore, these salts are readily improved upon by the appropriate combination of different cations and anions. Over the last twenty years, our group has continued to synthesize and study novel ionic energetic materials. Here, we have summarized all of the series of nitrogen-rich energetic salts. This review gives an overview of the various studies dealing with synthetic aspects and some of the physicochemical properties of ionic compounds that are based on ammonia, guanidine, semicarbazide, carbohydrazide, tetrazine, tetrazole, triazole and imidazole. In addition, their potential applications in the fields of explosives and propellants are discussed. We hope these investigations will be helpful in providing a wider insight for future research in the area of energetic salts.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 3; 417-437
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of the Influence of Cooling Salts upon the Explosive Performance of Emulsion Explosives
    Autorzy:
    Papliński, A.
    Maranda, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358849.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    emulsion explosives
    cooling salts
    explosion temperature and energy
    Opis:
    Emulsion explosives modified by the addition of cooling salts have been investigated. Sodium chloride and ammonium chloride were added as cooling agents. The research was carried out to develop emulsion explosives that can be applied in the coal mining industry. The particular requirements for the considered explosives must ensure a low hazard degree when used in the presence of coal dust and/or methane. Experimental determination of the detonation velocity confirmed that the satisfactory performance of the investigated emulsion explosives, modified by the addition of these cooling salts, was preserved. In all of the investigated samples, the detonation velocity was about 4500 m/s, with salt contents of about 10-15%. In order to explore the thermodynamic characteristics of the investigated explosives, the chemical composition as well as the state parameters of the detonation and explosion products were evaluated. In these analyses, the cooling additives were allowed to become involved in chemical reactions during the attainment of thermodynamic equilibrium in the reacting mixture. The results obtained show reciprocal relations between the partial loss of explosive performance (diminution in explosion energy and lowering of the amount of products in the gaseous phase) and the desired reduction in temperature of the explosion products.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 3; 523-535
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Heterocyclic Salt Synthesis and Rational Properties Tailoring
    Autorzy:
    Shackelford, S. A.
    Belletire, J. L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358810.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    binary heterocyclic salts
    heterocyclic salt synthesis
    ionic liquids
    bridged heterocyclic di-cation salts
    rational structure design
    predictive properties modification
    tailored performance behavior
    thermochemical
    Opis:
    Chemical structure determines the inherent properties displayed by a given compound, and these properties, in turn, produce a specifc performance behavior. Rationally designing chemical structure to predictably modify compound properties, such that performance behavior can be tailored in a controlled manner, defnes the objective of a pertinent synthesis effort. Achieving this objective by introducing structural alterations in a neutral covalent compound offers only one approach for resultant properties modifcation. Heterocyclic salts signifcantly enhance the fexibility for achieving properties modifcation via three strategic approaches: (1) compositionally pairing various cation structural classes with a number of anion structural classes, (2) systematically altering the structure of the cation; and, (3) systematically altering the structure of the anion. To illustrate this premise, four general synthesis methods to synthesize heterocyclic salts, including several new binary heterocyclium icosahedral closo-borane and closo- carborane salts, frst are outlined. Secondly, properties modifcation approaches of neutral covalent compounds are then compared with those approaches available for various heterocyclic salts. Lastly, a key example, using three unsaturated bridged heterocyclium di-cation salts, demonstrates how rational structure design, and its effect on resultant predictable properties modifcation, produces tailored performance behavior to reach the thermochemical initiation threshold needed for combustion. This is achieved with predictable properties modifcations that increase salt energy content, or that accelerate the reaction kinetics of the thermochemical initiation process.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2009, 6, 3-4; 219-237
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Some Inorganic Nitrate Salts on the Ignition Delay Time of DMAZ-IRFNA and DMAZ-WFNA Bi-propellants
    Autorzy:
    Pakdehi, S. G.
    Shirzadi, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358187.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    DMAZ
    liquid oxidizers
    ignition delay time
    inorganic nitrate salts
    specific impulse
    Opis:
    Dimethylaminoethyl azide (DMAZ) is a good replacement for the hydrazine group in the space industry. However, it has a relatively long ignition delay time with the liquid oxidizer, white fuming nitric acid (WFNA), and is nonhypergolic with inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA). In this article, the ignition delay times of DMAZ-WFNA and DMAZ-IRFNA bi-propellants were reduced by the addition of some inorganic nitrate salts, such as NH4NO3, KNO3, NaNO3, AgNO3 and LiNO3, to the liquid oxidizers. The results showed that WFNA containing 0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% of LiNO3 reduced the ignition delay time of DMAZ-WFNA from 88 ms to 18 ms, 14 ms and 8 ms, respectively. The same percentages of LiNO3 caused the nonhypergolic DMAZ-IRFNA bi-propellant to have ignition delay times of 42 ms, 34 ms and 22 ms, respectively. Moreover, calculations indicated that the addition of LiNO3 to both oxidizers did not have a significant affect on the specific impulse of the bi-propellants. Consequently LiNO3 could be an appropriate additive for the reduction of the ignition delay times of DMAZ-WFNA and DMAZ-IRFNA bi-propellants.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 1; 162-174
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unravelling the Effect of Anthraquinone Metal Salts as Wide-range Plateau Catalysts to Enhance the Combustion Properties of Solid Propellants
    Autorzy:
    Wang, Y.
    Yan, Q.-L.
    An, T.
    Chen, B.
    Ji, Y.-P.
    Wang, W.
    Zhao, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358042.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    solid propellants
    burning rate catalysts
    anthraquinone metal salts
    wide-range plateau combustion
    Opis:
    Novel lead and copper salts based on anthraquinone, including 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone,1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone and 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-dinitroanthraquinone, were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The catalytic effects of these compounds on the decomposition of nitrocellulose (NC) and on the combustion properties of double-base (DB) and composite modified double-base (CMDB) propellants were comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrated that the burning rate is significantly increased (by 200%) in the lower pressure range (2-6 MPa) as compared to the control systems without added anthraquinone-based salts. Concurrently, the pressure exponents (n) were obviously lower, exhibiting a “wide-range plateau” combustion phenomenon in the middle-pressure region. Specifically, for the DB propellants such a plateau region extended from 10 MPa to 16 MPa for n equal to 0.10, from 10 MPa to 18 MPa for n equal to 0.11 and from 8 MPa to 18 MPa when n is 0.05. In the case of RDX-CMDB propellants, the plateau was found to be in the range 6-18 MPa, with n in the range 0.16-0.27, depending on the type of catalyst, in contrast to the reference CMDB sample, which was characterized by n equal to 0.7 for the same pressure range.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 2; 376-390
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preparation, Structure and Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of Some Energetic Salts of 3-Hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole
    Autorzy:
    Wu, J. T.
    Zhang, J. G.
    Sun, M.
    Yin, X.
    Zhang, T. L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358073.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    synthesis
    crystal structure
    thermal analysis
    3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole
    energetic salts
    Opis:
    As a key research objective for low melting explosives and propellants, energetic salts have received worldwide attention. 3-Hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4triazole (HATr) is an important high-nitrogen compound (73.65% N) with good stability. This paper focuses on the energetic salts which were formed between HATr and picric acid (PA) or 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol (TNR). Single crystals of HATr·PA and HATr·TNR·H2O were grown and their crystal structures determined at low temperature. They both belong to the monoclinic system, P21/n space group. The thermal characteristics of the two target salts were investigated using DSC and TG-DTG. In addition, the non-isothermal decomposition kinetics, heats of combustion and sensitivity have also been investigated. The detonation pressures (P) and detonation velocities (D) of the salts have been calculated using the K-J equations. The results indicated that both salts have certain potential applications as gunpowder and propellant materials.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 4; 481-493
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Oxygen-containing Tetrazole Salts of 3-Hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (HATr): Nitrogen-rich Ionic Materials with High Thermal Stability
    Autorzy:
    Wu, J.-T.
    Zhang, J.-G.
    Yin, X.
    Li, T.
    Wu, L.
    Zhang, Z.-B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358927.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    energetic salts
    thermal stability
    oxygen-containing tetrazoles
    3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole
    Opis:
    Energetic salts of doubly-protonated 3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (2-4), and mono-protonated 3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (5-7), have been prepared in high yields from the corresponding oxygen-containing tetrazoles by (i) reaction of free acids and neutral 3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, or (ii) metathesis reactions of 3-hydrazinium-4-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazolium di-chloride with the silver salts of the corresponding oxygen-containing tetrazoles. All of these energetic salts were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and DSC measurements. All of the structures are dominated by extensive hydrogen bonds due to amino groups, hydrazino groups and oxygen atoms in the molecules. These salts exhibit good thermal stability, especially the salt 3-hydrazinium-4-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazolium 1H,1’H-5,5’-bitetrazole-1,1’-diolate (4), which exhibits a measured onset of decomposition temperature of 237 °C. Quantum chemical calculations, carried out using the Gaussian 03 suite of programs and based on the experimental densities were used to calculate the detonation pressures and velocities of all of the salts.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 217-232
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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