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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Nanomaterials on Thermal Stability of 1,3,6,8-Tetranitro Carbazole
    Autorzy:
    Pourmortazavi, S. M.
    Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M.
    Rai, H.
    Jabbarzadeh, Y.
    Javidan, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358744.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    thermal stability
    nanomaterial effect
    decomposition kinetics
    1,3,6,8-tetranitro carbazole
    energetic material
    Opis:
    1,3,6,8-tetranitro carbazole (TNC) as a secondary explosive is used in composite explosive formulations in order to reduce the sensitivity and increase the stability of the explosive composites. In this work, the thermal stabilities of pure TNC and its nanocomposites prepared via three different nanoparticles were studied by thermal analysis, i.e. differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. Thermal analysis data revealed that the thermal behavior of pure TNC is significantly different from the nanocomposites studied. Pure TNC decomposed completely during a single step in the temperature range 385-425 °C. However, the addition of nanoparticles to the TNC powder leads to higher thermal stability in comparison with the pure TNC. The decomposition kinetics of TNC and its nanocomposites were studied by non-isothermal DSC at several heating rates. Thermokinetic and thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the thermal decomposition of pure TNC and nanocomposites were computed and compared. The results showed that the addition of nanoparticles to the TNC powder has a considerable effect on the thermal stability of the explosive.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 201-216
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Crystals with the Insensitive High Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)
    Autorzy:
    Nandi, A. K.
    Ghosh, M.
    Sutar, V. B.
    Pandey, R. K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358361.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    surface coating
    cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
    1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
    1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
    scanning electron microscope
    Opis:
    A method to crystallize the thermally stable, insensitive high explosive, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) onto the surface of another high explosive cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) crystal is described. Amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) in toluene produces TATB which is precipitated by a reactive crystallization process. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of HMX, TATB crystals are found to be deposited onto the HMX crystal surface. This phenomenon was utilized to obtain in situ surface coating of HMX crystals with TATB. Both the conventional amination and the sonochemical amination methods, using dry ammonia (NH3) gas and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) respectively as the aminating agents, were studied. The coated materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) and sensitivity tests. The results were compared with those of the virgin materials. Sonochemical amination provided a uniform coating of the HMX crystals. Coated HMX has shown substantial friction insensitivity gain as compared to uncoated HMX. However there is a drop in impact insensitivity in the coated materials.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 2; 119-130
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synthesis and Property of 1,4-Diamino-3,6- dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole and Its Derivatives
    Autorzy:
    Li, Y.-N.
    Wang, B.-Z.
    Shu, Y.-J.
    Zhang, S.-Y.
    Lian, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358674.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNPP)
    1,4-diamino-3,6- dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DADNP)
    4,4’-(triaz-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1- amine-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole) (TBADNP)
    N-amination reaction
    synthesis
    property
    Opis:
    A synthetic procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4-diamino- 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DADNP) via N-amination reaction. Its derivatives, 4,4’-(triaz-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1-amine-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c] pyrazole) (TBADNP) and 1,4-dinitramino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNADNP), were first designed and synthesized by the diazotization and nitrification of amino group, and their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elementary analysis and MS. The thermal properties of target compounds were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of DADNP, TBADNP and DNADNP are 227, 236 and 288 °C, respectively. Results show that the derivatives of 1,4-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole have better thermal stability.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 2; 321-331
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigations on Chemical, Thermal Decomposition Behavior, Kinetics, Reaction Mechanism and Thermodynamic Properties of Aged TATB
    Autorzy:
    Singh, A.
    Kaur, G.
    Sarkar, C.
    Mukherjee, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357970.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
    thermal decomposition
    kinetics
    thermodynamics
    Opis:
    1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is a kind of insensitive high explosive that can be used as an energetic material in nuclear weapon and space applications. In this work, we have studied the effect of aging on the properties of TATB from a 20 year old lot that had been in direct contact with casing and natural environment conditions. The kinetics was studied using the temperature at the maximum reaction rate (peak) and isoconversional methods from TGA and DTA data obtained at five heating rates under a nitrogen atmosphere. The properties investigated for thermal stability indicate that there is no change in the properties during prolonged exposure in natural environment conditions. The activation energy calculated by the Kissinger method was 179.9 kJ·mol−1 by DTG and the 176.9 kJ·mol−1 by DTA. The experimental results of kinetic analysis obtained by isoconversional methods are in good agreement and very close to each other. In the analysis of reaction mechanisms, the reaction models could be probably best described by a surface contraction mechanism using the Coats-Redfern and Criado methods. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation were also investigated. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT) and critical temperature for thermal explosion (Tb) were also calculated.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 2; 258-282
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of TATP: Mass Loss and Friction Sensitivity During Ageing
    Autorzy:
    Matyáš, R.
    Šelešovský, J.
    Musil, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358184.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    triacetone triperoxide
    TATP
    3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8- hexoxonane
    friction sensitivity
    mass loss
    Opis:
    Triacetone triperoxide (3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexoxonane; TATP) is one of the most frequently used improvised explosives, often misused worldwide. In our previous studies, we had observed that the kind of acid used to catalyse its formation has a significant influence on TATP's properties. TATP was prepared using five different acids that are often used in improvised conditions. All of the samples were subjected to natural ageing in both open and closed vials at laboratory temperature. During ageing, TATP sublimes and decomposes. The changes in crystal size and shape after ageing were documented by optical microscopy. The mass loss was monitored about every third day during ageing. Samples prepared using sulphuric and perchloric acids lose weight more quickly than the others due to chemical decomposition. The friction sensitivity was determined for all samples before and after ageing. Neither the type of acid used nor the influence of closing the vials had any significant influence on the friction sensitivity after ageing. The friction sensitivity of all tested samples of TATP was about the same ? between that of lead azide and that of mercury fulminate.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 3; 251-260
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Contribution to the Synthesis of 4,10-Dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]dodecane (TEX)
    Autorzy:
    Jalový, Z.
    Matyáš, R.
    Klasovitý, D.
    Zeman, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358018.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]dodecane
    TEX
    1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine
    tertiary amines
    insensitive explosives
    Opis:
    The influence of the reaction conditions on 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa- 4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]dodecane (TEX) yield was studied. TEX was prepared by the reaction of 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine with glyoxal in nitric acid. The influence of the acidity of reaction mixture and ratios of starting materials on the yield of TEX was examined and synthesis was optimised. The highest yield (37%) was obtained at 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine/nitric acid molar ratio 67 and sulfuric acid/nitric acid molar ratio around 0.15. Starting material 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine was prepared from formamide and glyoxal using triethylamine or other tertiary amines to adjust suitable basicity. The best yield (84%) of 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine was reached at molar ratio triethylamine/formamide equal to 0.1.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 3; 189-196
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Computational Characterization of a Potential Energetic Compound: 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazacubane
    Autorzy:
    Politzer, P.
    Lane, P.
    Murray, J. S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357960.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    1,3,5,7-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazacubane
    energetic performance
    density
    impact sensitivity
    Opis:
    The high densities and (strain-induced) enthalpies of formation of cage-type molecules have drawn attention to their polynitro derivatives as potential energetic materials. Several such compounds have been synthesized, including octanitrocubane and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane. One that has not yet been prepared but has evoked continuing interest is 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-2,4,6,8- tetraazacubane. Some years ago, on the basis of a very high estimated density (about 2.19 g/cm3), it was predicted to have detonation properties greatly superior to those of HMX. We have now used computational procedures developed since that time to reassess the expected detonation performance of this compound. We find: density, 1.940 g/cm3; solid phase enthalpy of formation at 298 K, 757 cal/g; detonation velocity, 9.8 mm/µs; detonation pressure, 444 kbar; impact sensitivity, h50 ∼ 40 cm. These are all better than the corresponding values for HMX, but not by as much as had been estimated earlier.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 1; 39-52
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polynitrobenzenes Containing Alkoxy and Alkylenedioxy groups: Potential HEMs and Precursors of New Energetic Materials
    Autorzy:
    Šarlauskas, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357986.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    polynitroderivatives
    HEMs
    synthesis
    5,6,7,8-tetranitro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine (TNBD)
    reactions
    Opis:
    Several di-, tri- and tetranitroderivatives of alkoxy-, dialkoxy-, trialkoxy- and cyclic alkylenedioxybenzene derivatives were synthesized by nitration of starting compounds under different conditions and their properties were compared to the already known 2,4,6-trinitroanisole and TNT. Synthesized trinitro- and tetranitrocompounds of alkoxy-/alkylenedioxybenzene (especially cyclic derivatives) may serve as useful precursors for the synthesis of numerous energetic derivatives. The highest melting point (286 C) and calculated density (1.907 g/cm3) is marked for 5,6,7,8-tetranitro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine (TNBD). Promising properties of the latter compound allow further exploration of this material as a potential thermostable HEM.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 4; 313-324
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New energetic materials derived from common explosives. Review
    2,4,6-Trinitrotoluen jako źródło nowoczesnych materiałów wybuchowych. Przegląd
    Autorzy:
    Szala, Mateusz
    Sałaciński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1068442.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
    synthesis
    cyanotrinitrobenzene
    trinitro-nitromethyl-benzene
    nitromethyl-diphenylamine
    ATNT
    BTNHT
    DATNT
    DNTN
    HNDFM
    HNS
    TNAT
    TNB
    TNBHT
    TNX
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluen (TNT)
    synteza
    cyjano-2,4,6-trinitrobenzen
    1,3,5-trinitro-2-(nitrometylo) benzen
    nitro-metylo-difenyloamina
    Opis:
    Omówiono wybrane, mające właściwości wybuchowe lub będące potencjalnie związkami energetycznymi, produkty reakcji w których 2,4,6-trinitrotoluen jest substratem. Opisano między innymi: trinitrobenzen, cyjanotrinitrobenzen, trinitroksylen, amino-trinitrotolueny, trinitro-nitrometylo-benzen, metylenobis(2,4,6-trinitrobenzen), heksanitrostilben, nitro-metylo-difenyloaminy, 4,4’,6,6’-tetranitro- 2,2’-azoksytoluen oraz pochodne 2,4,6-trinitrobenzylidenoaminy. Dla każdego opisanego związku przedstawiono ścieżkę syntezy oraz dla wybranych materiałów podano parametry detonacyjne.
    Źródło:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2020, 12, 1; 90-110
    2083-0165
    Pojawia się w:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluen jako źródło nowoczesnych materiałów wybuchowych. Przegląd
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluene as a source of modern explosives. Review
    Autorzy:
    Szala, M.
    Sałaciński, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92745.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluen (TNT)
    synteza
    cyjano-2,4,6-trinitrobenzen
    1,3,5-rinitro-2-(nitrometylo)benzen
    nitro-metylo-difenyloamina
    ATNT
    BTNHT
    DATNT
    DNTN
    HNDFM
    HNS
    TNAT
    TNB
    TNBHT
    TNX
    2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
    synthesis
    cyanotrinitrobenzene
    trinitro-nitromethyl-benzene
    nitromethyl-diphenylamine
    Opis:
    Omówiono wybrane, mające właściwości wybuchowe lub będące potencjalnie związkami energetycznymi, produkty reakcji w których 2,4,6-trinitrotoluen jest substratem. Opisano między innymi: trinitrobenzen, cyjanotrinitrobenzen, trinitroksylen, amino-trinitrotolueny, trinitro-nitrometylo-benzen, metylenobis(2,4,6-trinitrobenzen), heksanitrostilben, nitro-metylo-difenyloaminy, 4,4’,6,6’-tetranitro2,2’-azoksytoluen oraz pochodne 2,4,6-trinitrobenzylidenoaminy. Dla każdego opisanego związku przedstawiono ścieżkę syntezy oraz dla wybranych materiałów podano parametry detonacyjne.
    The review concentrates on some energetic compounds or compounds with potentially energetic properties which can be obtained as products of reactions with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Synthesis and main properties were presented for: trinitrobenzene, cyanotrinitrobenzene, trinitroxylene, aminotrinitrotoluenes, trinitro-nitromethyl-benzene, methylenebis(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene), hexanitrostilbene, nitro-methyl-diphenylamines, 4,4’,6,6’-tetranitro-2,2’-azoxytoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzylideneamine derivatives. For each described compound the synthesis path was described and for selected compounds detonation parameters were presented.
    Źródło:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2015, T. 7; 125-143
    2083-0165
    Pojawia się w:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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