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Tytuł:
Increasing the Efficiency of the Production of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX)
Autorzy:
Afzali, A.
Esmaeilpour, K.
Damiri, S.
Hadi, Z.
Keshavarz, M. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
design of experiment
efficiency, production capacity 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane
Opis:
This work introduces a suitable method for the optimization of selective synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), as one of the most well-known high explosives, from the aspects of production capacity and efficiency, by nitration of 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT). The effective factors in the productive capacity of HMX and the synthesis of a product from raw DPT with high capacity, purity, and efficiency have been identified. The required qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed for the identification and confirmation of the product quality. In order to optimize the process of increasing the capacity of HMX production and evaluation of the effects of different factors on the production capacity, a series of experiments were designed and performed by using central composite design (CCD). Practical studies and statistical analyses showed good conformity between the model presented and the actual results, allowing the selective production of HMX with an efficiency of greater than 70% and a high production capacity.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 845-858
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Crystals with the Insensitive High Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)
Autorzy:
Nandi, A. K.
Ghosh, M.
Sutar, V. B.
Pandey, R. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
surface coating
cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
scanning electron microscope
Opis:
A method to crystallize the thermally stable, insensitive high explosive, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) onto the surface of another high explosive cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) crystal is described. Amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) in toluene produces TATB which is precipitated by a reactive crystallization process. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of HMX, TATB crystals are found to be deposited onto the HMX crystal surface. This phenomenon was utilized to obtain in situ surface coating of HMX crystals with TATB. Both the conventional amination and the sonochemical amination methods, using dry ammonia (NH3) gas and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) respectively as the aminating agents, were studied. The coated materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) and sensitivity tests. The results were compared with those of the virgin materials. Sonochemical amination provided a uniform coating of the HMX crystals. Coated HMX has shown substantial friction insensitivity gain as compared to uncoated HMX. However there is a drop in impact insensitivity in the coated materials.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 2; 119-130
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fungicidal evaluation of substituted 4-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) benzene-1,3-diols
Autorzy:
Niewiadomy, A.
Matysiak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/54961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
4-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
fungicidal activity
in vitro study
fungicidal property
phytopathogenic fungi
fungi
fungicide
Opis:
Fungicidal properties of 4-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diols set under in vitro conditions against five phytopathogenic fungi have been evaluated. The substitution panel includes amino-, alkyl-, alkoxyl-, aryl- and heteroarylderivatives. The most active compound with the benzyl substituent exhibits fungistatic effects amounting to 90-100% with the concentration of 20 μg mL-1 against R. solani, similar to the standard fungicides. The derivatives with amine moiety generally display lower activity than other analogues. F. culmorum seems to be the most refractory fungus compared to studied compounds. The influence of substitution of C-5 at the constant fragment at C-2 of 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring on the antifungal effect is discussed. To explain differences in the activity the quantum-chemical calculations were made.
Źródło:
Pestycydy; 2010, 1-4
0208-8703
Pojawia się w:
Pestycydy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis of HTPB using a semi-batch method
Otrzymywanie HTPB metodą półperiodyczną
Autorzy:
Chmielarek, Michał
Skupiński, Wincenty
Wieczorek, Zdzisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
synthesis of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
HTPB
polymerization of 1,3-butadiene
semibatch method
synteza α
ω-dihydroksypolibutadienu
polimeryzacja 1,3-butadienu
metoda półperiodyczna
Opis:
Polibutadien zakończony grupami hydroksylowymi (HTPB) ma szerokie zastosowanie w przemyśle światowym. Wykorzystywany jest zarówno w przemyśle cywilnym jak i wojskowym. HTPB w przemyśle zbrojeniowym wykorzystywany jest głównie jako lepiszcze heterogenicznych paliw rakietowych ale wykorzystuje się go również jako składnik plastycznych materiałów wybuchowych i flegmatyzator do wrażliwych na tarcie i uderzenie materiałów wybuchowych. Szerokie zastosowanie HTPB wynika z dobrych właściwości mechanicznych wytworzonych z niego poliuretanów. Szczególnie w niskich temperaturach dochodzących do –40 °C. Przedstawiono inną metodę syntezy HTPB niż powszechnie stosowane w przemyśle metody periodyczna i ciągła. Określono wpływ parametrów takich jak temperatura reakcji, ciśnienie 1,3-butadienu oraz stężenie nadtlenku wodoru na właściwości otrzymywanego polimeru. Wyznaczono parametry syntezy prowadzące do otrzymania nowego gatunku HTPB spełniającego wymagania stawiane lepiszczom stosowanym w stałych paliwach rakietowych.
Źródło:
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2020, 12, 1; 192-202
2083-0165
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Otrzymywanie HTPB metodą półperiodyczną
Synthesis of HTPB by the semi-batch method
Autorzy:
Chmielarek, M.
Skupiński, W.
Wieczorek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
synteza α,ω-dihydroksypolibutadienu
HTPB
polimeryzacja 1,3-butadienu
metoda półperiodyczna
synthesis of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
polymerization of 1,3-butadiene
semibatch method
Opis:
Polibutadien zakończony grupami hydroksylowymi (HTPB) ma szerokie zastosowanie w przemyśle światowym. Wykorzystywany jest zarówno w przemyśle cywilnym jak i wojskowym. HTPB w przemyśle zbrojeniowym wykorzystywany jest głównie jako lepiszcze heterogenicznych paliw rakietowych ale wykorzystuje się go również jako składnik plastycznych materiałów wybuchowych i flegmatyzator do wrażliwych na tarcie i uderzenie materiałów wybuchowych. Szerokie zastosowanie HTPB wynika z dobrych właściwości mechanicznych wytworzonych z niego poliuretanów. Szczególnie w niskich temperaturach dochodzących do -40 °C. Przedstawiono inną metodę syntezy HTPB niż powszechnie stosowane w przemyśle metody periodyczna i ciągła. Określony zostanie wpływ parametrów takich jak temperatura reakcji, ciśnienie 1,3-butadienu oraz stężenie nadtlenku wodoru na właściwości otrzymywanego polimeru. Wyznaczono parametry syntezy prowadzące do otrzymania nowego gatunku HTPB spełniającego wymagania stawiane lepiszczom stosowanym w stałych paliwach rakietowych.
Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is widely used in the global industry. It is used both in civil industry and military. HTPB in the armaments industry is mainly used as a binder for composite rocket propellants but also used it as an ingredient in plastic bonded explosives and as an phlegmatizer in sensitive to friction and impact explosives. Extensive use of HTPB is a result of the good mechanical properties of polyurethanes made from it. Especially at low temperatures of up to -40 °C. Method of HTPB synthesis another than widely used in industry methods, periodic and continuous, has been presented. Influence of parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure of 1,3-butadiene and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the properties of the resulting polymer has been presented. Synthesis conditions conducive to obtaining new HTPB species, which meet the requirements for binders used in solid rocket propellants, has been specified.
Źródło:
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2015, T. 7; 110 -116
2083-0165
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Property of 1,4-Diamino-3,6- dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole and Its Derivatives
Autorzy:
Li, Y.-N.
Wang, B.-Z.
Shu, Y.-J.
Zhang, S.-Y.
Lian, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNPP)
1,4-diamino-3,6- dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DADNP)
4,4’-(triaz-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1- amine-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole) (TBADNP)
N-amination reaction
synthesis
property
Opis:
A synthetic procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4-diamino- 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DADNP) via N-amination reaction. Its derivatives, 4,4’-(triaz-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1-amine-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c] pyrazole) (TBADNP) and 1,4-dinitramino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNADNP), were first designed and synthesized by the diazotization and nitrification of amino group, and their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elementary analysis and MS. The thermal properties of target compounds were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of DADNP, TBADNP and DNADNP are 227, 236 and 288 °C, respectively. Results show that the derivatives of 1,4-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole have better thermal stability.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 2; 321-331
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigations on Chemical, Thermal Decomposition Behavior, Kinetics, Reaction Mechanism and Thermodynamic Properties of Aged TATB
Autorzy:
Singh, A.
Kaur, G.
Sarkar, C.
Mukherjee, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
thermal decomposition
kinetics
thermodynamics
Opis:
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is a kind of insensitive high explosive that can be used as an energetic material in nuclear weapon and space applications. In this work, we have studied the effect of aging on the properties of TATB from a 20 year old lot that had been in direct contact with casing and natural environment conditions. The kinetics was studied using the temperature at the maximum reaction rate (peak) and isoconversional methods from TGA and DTA data obtained at five heating rates under a nitrogen atmosphere. The properties investigated for thermal stability indicate that there is no change in the properties during prolonged exposure in natural environment conditions. The activation energy calculated by the Kissinger method was 179.9 kJ·mol−1 by DTG and the 176.9 kJ·mol−1 by DTA. The experimental results of kinetic analysis obtained by isoconversional methods are in good agreement and very close to each other. In the analysis of reaction mechanisms, the reaction models could be probably best described by a surface contraction mechanism using the Coats-Redfern and Criado methods. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation were also investigated. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT) and critical temperature for thermal explosion (Tb) were also calculated.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 2; 258-282
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intermolecular Interactions between TNAZ and H2O: a DFT Study
Autorzy:
Oftadeh, M.
Selahvarzi, S.
Keshavarz, M. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358486.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ)/H2O complex
intermolecular interaction
DFT
natural bond orbital
thermodynamic properties
Opis:
All of the possible TNAZ/H2O complexes (1, 2 and 3), as well as the uncomplexed form, were fully optimized with the density functional method. Complex 3 was the most stable, with the largest corrected intermolecular interaction energy. Charge redistribution mainly occurs on the adjacent N–O...H atoms of the submolecules. Strong hydrogen bonds predominantly contribute to the interaction energies. It is energetically and thermodynamically unfavourable for TNAZ to bind with H2O and to form any stable complexes at room temperature.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 2; 289-300
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Nanomaterials on Thermal Stability of 1,3,6,8-Tetranitro Carbazole
Autorzy:
Pourmortazavi, S. M.
Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M.
Rai, H.
Jabbarzadeh, Y.
Javidan, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
thermal stability
nanomaterial effect
decomposition kinetics
1,3,6,8-tetranitro carbazole
energetic material
Opis:
1,3,6,8-tetranitro carbazole (TNC) as a secondary explosive is used in composite explosive formulations in order to reduce the sensitivity and increase the stability of the explosive composites. In this work, the thermal stabilities of pure TNC and its nanocomposites prepared via three different nanoparticles were studied by thermal analysis, i.e. differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. Thermal analysis data revealed that the thermal behavior of pure TNC is significantly different from the nanocomposites studied. Pure TNC decomposed completely during a single step in the temperature range 385-425 °C. However, the addition of nanoparticles to the TNC powder leads to higher thermal stability in comparison with the pure TNC. The decomposition kinetics of TNC and its nanocomposites were studied by non-isothermal DSC at several heating rates. Thermokinetic and thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the thermal decomposition of pure TNC and nanocomposites were computed and compared. The results showed that the addition of nanoparticles to the TNC powder has a considerable effect on the thermal stability of the explosive.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 201-216
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis, Structure and Energetic Properties of a Catenated N6, Polynitro Compound: 1,1’-Azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole)
Autorzy:
Li, Y.-N.
Shu, Y.-J.
Wang, Y.-L.
Wang, B.-Z.
Zhang, S.-Y.
Bi, F.-Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
energetic compound
1,1’-azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole)
synthesis
energetic properties
Opis:
A nitrogen-rich, polynitro energetic compound with an N,N-azo linkage, 1,1’-azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole) (ABDNP), has been synthesized by an oxidative coupling reaction of 1-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole with different oxidizing agents. The target compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectra, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results show that 1,1’-azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole) decomposes at a relatively high onset temperature (202.9 °C), which indicates that 1,1’-azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole) has acceptable thermal stability. The energetic properties were obtained, with a measured density and heat of formation matched by theoretically computed values based on the B3LYP method.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 321-335
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computational Characterization of a Potential Energetic Compound: 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazacubane
Autorzy:
Politzer, P.
Lane, P.
Murray, J. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
1,3,5,7-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazacubane
energetic performance
density
impact sensitivity
Opis:
The high densities and (strain-induced) enthalpies of formation of cage-type molecules have drawn attention to their polynitro derivatives as potential energetic materials. Several such compounds have been synthesized, including octanitrocubane and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane. One that has not yet been prepared but has evoked continuing interest is 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-2,4,6,8- tetraazacubane. Some years ago, on the basis of a very high estimated density (about 2.19 g/cm3), it was predicted to have detonation properties greatly superior to those of HMX. We have now used computational procedures developed since that time to reassess the expected detonation performance of this compound. We find: density, 1.940 g/cm3; solid phase enthalpy of formation at 298 K, 757 cal/g; detonation velocity, 9.8 mm/µs; detonation pressure, 444 kbar; impact sensitivity, h50 ∼ 40 cm. These are all better than the corresponding values for HMX, but not by as much as had been estimated earlier.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 1; 39-52
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-isothermal Decomposition Kinetics of 1-Amino-1,2,3-triazolium Nitrate
Autorzy:
Du, X.-J.
Zou, M.-S.
Li, X.-D.
Yang, R.-J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358020.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
1-amino-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate
thermal decomposition
TG
non-isothermal kinetics
compensating effect
Opis:
The thermal decomposition kinetics of 1-amino-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate (ATZ-NO3) was investigated by non-isothermal TG-DTG at various heating rates (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C∙min-1). The results showed that the thermal decomposition of ATZ-NO3 consists of two mass-loss stages. The first mass-loss stage corresponds to the loss of nitrate anion and the substituent group, while the second stage corresponds to the splitting of the triazole ring. The kinetic triplets of the two stages were described by a three-step method. Firstly, the Kissinger and Ozawa methods were used to calculate the apparent activation energies (E) and pre-exponential factors (A) of the two decomposition stages. Secondly, two calculation methods (the Šatava-Šesták and Achar methods) were used to obtain several probable decomposition mechanism functions. Thirdly, three assessment methods (the Šatava, double-extrapolation, and the Popescu methods) were used to confirm the most probable decomposition mechanism functions. The reaction models for both stages are random-into-nuclear and random-growth mechanisms, with n = 3/2 for the first stage and n = 1/3, m = 3 for the second stage. The kinetic equations for the two decomposition stages of ATZ-NO3 may be expressed as [wzór]. Mathematical expressions for the kinetic compensation effect were derived.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 1; 99-114
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some Remarks on the Safety of Methane Penthrite Detonating Cords against the Inflammability of a Methane-Air Mixture
Autorzy:
Zawadzka-Małota, Iwona
Sałaciński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27788230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
detonating cord
2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]propane-1,3-diyl dinitrate
penthrite
PETN
safety
methane-air mixture
inflammability
blasting work
Opis:
After analysing literature data some topics related to the properties and testing methods of detonating cords (DCs) are presented. The main attention is paid to the 2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]propane-1,3-diyl dinitrate (penthrite, PETN)-based DCs. In a case study of methane PETN DC, it is shown that the problem of DCs being able to fulfil safety precautions as permitted explosives is very complex, i.e. to determine their ability to ignite a methane-air atmosphere in coal mines. The tests have shown that the relationships between safety and the performance properties of methane PETN DC are not obvious. For example, an increase in the outer thickness coating of this methane PETN DC, causes the inflammability of a methane-air mixture to be decreased. Moreover, an increase in the amount of crystalline PETN in the cord’s core caused an increase in its velocity of detonation, but had no impact on its ability to ignite a methane-air mixture in the experimental gallery.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2022, 19, 2; 181--203
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Melt-cast Energetic Matrices with 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives for Composite Explosives
Autorzy:
Komarova, Marina
Vakutin, Aleksey
Kazutin, Maxim
Kozyrev, Nikolai
Sukhanov, Gennady
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1063044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
melt-cast energetic matrix
3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole
TNT
composite explosives
Opis:
Safety requirements for the manufacture, use and storage of high-energy materials and explosive substances necessitate a search for new insensitive components of fusible energetic matrices (propellant matrices) in order to completely or partially replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and their melt-casts with TNT may be proposed as such replacements. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to characterize the thermal behaviour of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, 1-ethoxymethyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, t-butyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and their melt-casts with TNT. This study showed that 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and its melt-casts with TNT was the best for explosive systems based on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-1,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) and guanylurea dinitramide (GUDN). The present article also presents data for the mechanical sensitivity of these explosives and their calculated detonation characteristics. The composite explosive based on HMX with 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole has a calculated detonation velocity the same as HMX with TNT, but the sensitivity of HMX/TNT is 1.3-1.7 times higher.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2020, 17, 3; 344-361
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Characterization of Four Energetic Transition Metal Complexes of 3,4-Diamino-1,2,4-triazole
Autorzy:
Yin, X.
Jin, X.
Xu, C.-X.
He, P.
Wang, K.
Zhang, J.-G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazole
theoretic study
crystal structure
thermal stability
sensitivity
Opis:
Four complexes with the formula of [M5(DATr)12~14(H2O)6](ClO4)10 (M = Mn (1), Co (2), Ni (3), Zn (4)) about their synthesis, structures and some energetic properties (such as sensitivities tests) have been described, where the DATr here denotes 3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazole. These four compounds are all light metallic complexes with good thermal stability. The structures of 2-4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the crystal structures mainly consist of penta-nuclear units. All the structures have a common interesting property in which DATr plays a role of bi-dentate ligand. Besides, it is observed from the crystal structure of 4 that DATr can be also act as a mono-dentate ligand. Thermodynamic studies of their decomposition properties and kinetic parameters show that the four complexes have high thermal stabilities. Furthermore, tests of their impact and friction sensitivities show that complexes (2) and (3) can be potential candidates as primary explosives to replace toxic lead azide.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 2; 301-320
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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