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Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
Tytuł:
Measurement of the Heat of Reaction of Polytetrafluoroethylene/Aluminum Composites Based on Laser Initiation
Autorzy:
Li, S.
Wu, Y.
Lin, Q.
Huang, C.
Yang, S.
Li, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
reactive materials
PTFE/Al composites
heat of reaction
laser initiation
Opis:
Polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/Al) composites are reactive materials which can release energy due to exothermic chemical reactions initiated under shock loading conditions. In order to accurately measure the potential maximum heat of reaction of PTFE/Al composites in an inert atmosphere, we propose in this paper a heat of reaction measurement system based on laser initiation. Our results show that the measurement system successfully initiates the chemical reaction between PTFE and Al in an argon atmosphere. The comparison between theoretical calculations and experimental data demonstrates that our measurement method is highly accurate and exhibits excellent consistency. Thus, the heat of reaction measurement system based on laser initiation is applicable for measuring the heat of reaction of PTFE/Al composites and also other complicated reactive materials.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 3; 534-546
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis, Structure and Energetic Properties of a Catenated N6, Polynitro Compound: 1,1’-Azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole)
Autorzy:
Li, Y.-N.
Shu, Y.-J.
Wang, Y.-L.
Wang, B.-Z.
Zhang, S.-Y.
Bi, F.-Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
energetic compound
1,1’-azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole)
synthesis
energetic properties
Opis:
A nitrogen-rich, polynitro energetic compound with an N,N-azo linkage, 1,1’-azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole) (ABDNP), has been synthesized by an oxidative coupling reaction of 1-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole with different oxidizing agents. The target compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectra, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results show that 1,1’-azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole) decomposes at a relatively high onset temperature (202.9 °C), which indicates that 1,1’-azobis(3,5-dinitropyrazole) has acceptable thermal stability. The energetic properties were obtained, with a measured density and heat of formation matched by theoretically computed values based on the B3LYP method.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 321-335
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on the rheological properties of CL-20/HTPB casting explosives
Autorzy:
Li, H.-X..
Wang, J-Y.
An, C.-W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
casting explosive
particle gradation
rheological properties
plasticizer
Opis:
The rheological properties of ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)/hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) casting explosives with different formulations were tested and analyzed. The effects of both the weight percentage (wt.%) of CL-20 and its particle size, as well as the type and content of plasticizers, on the rheological properties of CL-20/HTPB casting explosives were investigated in detail. The results show that the viscosity and pseudoplasticity of CL-20/HTPB casting explosives increase with increasing wt.% of CL-20 and decreasing particle size. The gradation of CL-20 particle size also affects the rheological properties of the casting explosives. When the mixing ratio of 30 μm to 2 μm particles is 3:1, the viscosity reaches its lowest value and the non-Newtonian index reaches the maximum value of 0.5698. The viscosity, non-Newtonian index and impact sensitivity of the samples studied are clearly decreased by the addition of dioctyl adipate (DOA), dioctyl sebacate (DOS) or dibutyl phthalate (DBP). However, the three plasticizers do not appear to affect the thermal decomposition of CL-20/HTPB casting explosives. With respect to the rheological properties, mechanical properties and sensitivity, DOA is the optimum plasticizer to use in CL-20/HTPB casting explosives.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 2; 237-255
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Microstructural Evolution in HMX Based Plastic-bonded Explosive During Heating and Cooling Process: an in situ Small-angle Scattering Study
Autorzy:
Yan, G.
Tian, Q.
Liu, J.
Fan, Z.
Sun, G.
Zhang, C.
Wang, Y.
Chen, B.
Gong, J.
Zhou, X.
Yang, Z.
Nie, F.
Li, J.
Li, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
SANS
SAXS
HMX-PBX
thermal damages
phase transition
Opis:
The thermal damage in octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) based plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) was investigated using in situ small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering techniques. The microstructural evolution was quantitatively characterized by the model fitting parameters of total interfacial surface area (Sv) and void volume distribution. The Sv of HMX-PBX decreased markedly above 100 °C, indicating the movement of binder into the voids. After subsequent cooling to room temperature, the scattering intensity increased significantly with increasing storage time, and a new population of voids with average diameter of 20 nm was observed, accompanied by the gradual phase transition of HMX from δ- to β-phase. The experimental results implied that serious damage within the HMX-PBX was developed during storage after heating.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 916-926
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
System and Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Nitrogen Content and Uniformity of Nitration of Nitrocellulose
Autorzy:
Liu, Y.
Shao, Z.
Wang, W.
Li, W.
Lv, Y.
Sun, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358714.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
nitrocellulose
uniformity of nitration
nitrogen content
mixed acid nitration
cotton maturity
Opis:
Nitrocellulose (NC) is a common, commercially available, cellulosederived material and has been functionalized and widely applied in microfluidic technology, immunoassays and biochemical analyses. However, existing testing parameters always fail to completely and accurately reflect its inherent quality. In this study, we have designed and assembled a novel automatic polarizing microscope test system (PMTS) to scientifically test the nitrogen content and uniformity of nitration of NC based on the chromogenic principle of a polarization microscope. The advantages of this system are: (i) the PMTS requires less sample (only a few micrograms); (ii) the test period is shorter and the results can be obtained within 20 min; (iii) the method belongs to the nondestructive testing group, and the NC sample is not burned, dissolved, or damaged; and (iv) this method has increased accuracy, and the deviation of the nitrogen content is less than ±0.05%. The properties of various NC samples prepared by different nitricsulfuric acid systems from raw materials with diverse maturities were determined via PMTS. Five NC samples with different nitrogen contents (10.9%, 11.5%, 11.8%, 12.6% and 13.5%) were tested, and the variance of the corresponding uniformity of nitration of these samples were 3.17, 1.61, 1.15, 1.76, and 2.83. The uniformity of nitration initially decreased and then increased with increasing nitrogen content, and the best uniformity of nitration appeared at a nitrogen content of 12%. We also found that fibre maturity has a positive effect on the uniformity of nitration. This testing device and method, with its cost-effectiveness and field-portability, can significantly improve the accuracy of nitration content and uniformity, and has an important value in practical applications.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 4; 554-571
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phase Diagrams of the MeNQ/HN and HN/NQ Binary Systems
Autorzy:
Tian, M.-M.
Li, H.-R.
Chen, L.
Ju, X.
Shu, Y.-J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
phase diagram
binary system
eutectic
DSC
XRD
Opis:
An equation for a binary phase diagram with two eutectic points was deduced from the Van’t Hoff equation. The melting points of hydrazinium nitrate/ nitroguanidine (HN/NQ) samples with different ratios, ranging from 0 to 1 mole fraction, were explored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results revealed the presence of two eutectic points in the phase diagram of the HN/NQ binary system. The dependence of temperature on the composition (T-X phase diagram) of HN/NQ was depicted based on the equation described by the DSC data. The phase diagram of MeNQ/HN, with only one eutectic point was constructed by substituting experimental data of the compositions and their corresponding temperatures into the Van’t Hoff equation. The phase diagram with two or more eutectic points indicated the formation of new stable compounds with appropriate ratios of the two components; no new substance appeared in the system with only one eutectic point. Thus, the HN/NQ binary system showed the presence of a new substance, which is probably the HN/NQ co-crystal. No new substance was detected in the MeNQ/HN binary system. The results of the X-ray diffraction patterns agree with the findings from the phase diagrams.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 2; 271-286
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafine HMX/TATB Explosive Co-crystals
Autorzy:
An, C.
Li, H.
Zhang, Y.
Ye, B.
Xu, C.
Wang, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
HMX
TATB
ultrafine co-crystals
ball milling
mechanical sensitivity
Opis:
An explosive co-crystal of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) was prepared by the ball milling method. The raw materials and co-crystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. Impact and friction sensitivity of the co-crystals were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the HMX/TATB co-crystals are spherical in shape and 100-300 nm in size. The co-crystals are different from anintimate mixture of HMX/TATB and they exhibit a new co-crystal structure. HMX/TATB co-crystals are formed by N-O···H hydrogen bonding between −NO2 (HMX) and −NH2 (TATB). The drop height of ultrafine HMX/TATB explosive co-crystals is 12.7 cm higher than that of ultrafine HMX, whilst the explosion probability of friction is 20% lower than that of ultrafine HMX. Ultrafine HMX/TATB explosive co-crystals are difficult to initiate under impact and friction conditions.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 4; 876-887
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis, Characterization and Compatibility Studies of Poly(DFAMO/NIMMO) with Propellant and PBX Ingredients
Autorzy:
Li, H.
Yang, Y.
Pan, J.
Wang, W.
Pan, R.
Zhu, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
energetic binder
synthesis
characterization
compatibility
PDN
Opis:
Oxetane-based polymers substituted with difluoroamino groups can be used as energetic binders in propellants and polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs). As a novel candidate, poly(3-difluoroaminomethyl-3-methyloxetane/3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane) (PDN) was synthesized and its structure was established. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to investigate its thermal decomposition behaviour. The compatibility between PDN and some common ingredients of propellants and PBXs was evaluated by the DSC method. PDN with good thermal stability was synthesized via a cationic solution polymerization process. Additionally, it has improved compatibility with cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), carbon black (C.B.) and lead carbonate (PbCO3) compared with homopoly(3-difluoroaminomethyl-3-methyloxetane) (PDFAMO). PDN could be used as a promising difluoroamino energetic binder in the future.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 1; 85-99
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Coated Ammonium Dinitramide on the Properties of Nitrate-ester Plasticized Polyether Solid Rocket Propellants
Autorzy:
Pang, W. Q.
Li, J. Q.
DeLuca, L. T.
Ke, W.
Fu, X. L.
Zhong, F. X.
Li, H.
Ji, Y. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
energetic materials
NEPE composite solid propellants
ADN
hazardous properties
combustion characteristics
Opis:
Several industrial and research types of nitrate-ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) solid propellants were experimentally analyzed. In general, their compositions differed in the mass fraction of ammonium dinitramide (ADN), which was used as a promising highly energetic filler, as an alternative to ammonium perchlorate (AP). ADN exhibits high performance, low signature and non-polluting characteristics. The propellant composition without ADN, but with AP, was used as the reference. The microstructure and granularity distribution of the uncoated and coated ADN particles were experimentally analyzed. It was found that uncoated ADN particles exhibited irregular shape, while the ADN particles after coating are spherical. Because of their irregular shape, uncoated ADN particles caused inferior processability of the propellant slurry when added to the propellant formulation. Consequently, the NEPE propellants with coated ADN were studied in further detail. The rheological properties, energetic properties, mechanical sensitivities and combustion properties (burning rate and pressure exponent) of the NEPE propellants with coated ADN were studied and compared with the reference NEPE propellant. The addition of ADN particles to the propellant formulations increased the standard theoretical specific impulse and heat of explosion of the propellants, while decreasing the density. The propellants containing ADN particles were much more sensitive to impact and friction compared to the reference sample. Moreover, increasing the ADN mass fraction in the propellant formulation can significantly affect the combustion behaviour and increase the burning rate and pressure exponent compared to of the reference formulation. However it appears that ADN is a very promising candidate as a new energetic material in compositions of NEPE propellants, although several important questions concerning ADN’s suitability, especially in the context of its sensitivity to friction and impact, remain to be answered.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 4; 590-609
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermally Induced Polymorphic Transformation of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) Investigated by in-situ X-ray Powder Diffraction
Autorzy:
Liu, Y.
Li, S.
Wang, Z.
Xu, J.
Sun, J.
Huang, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
HNIW
polymorphism
in situ X-ray diffraction
phase transition
heat stimulation
Opis:
The ε→γ phase transition of HNIW induced by heat was investigated with in situ X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD). The effects of purity, particle size, insensitive additives and the time of isothermal heat treatment on the phase transition were evaluated. It was found that the phase transition is irreversible with changes in temperature, and the two phases can coexist in a certain temperature range. Moreover, the initial phase transition temperature increases with increasing purity and decreasing particle size of HNIW, and thus with the approximate crystal density. The addition of graphite and paraffin wax to HNIW as insensitive additives leads to a decrease in the initial phase transition temperature, but the addition of TATB does not affect the initial phase transition temperature. Thus, TATB is a suitable insensitive additive. Moreover, at the critical temperature, the isothermal time determined the efficiency of the ε- to γ-phase transition. This work lays the foundations for the choice of molding technologies, performance test methods, ammunition storage options, as well as the manufacture of HNIW-based explosive formulations.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 1023-1037
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Facile Synthesis of 3,3'-Dinitro-5,5'-diamino-bi-1,2,4-triazole and a Study of Its Thermal Decomposition
Autorzy:
Ma, Q.
Lu, H.
Qu, Y.
Liao, L.
Li, J.
Fan, G.
Chen, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
3,3’-dinitro-5,5’-diamino-bi-1,2,4-triazole
facile synthesis
DSC-TG
RSFTIR
TG-IR
thermolysis
Opis:
3,3’-Dinitro-5,5’-diamino-bi-1,2,4-triazole (DABNT) was synthesized by a facile method and its crystalline density was determined as 1.839 g·cm−3 at 293(2) K by X-ray diffraction. Its thermal decomposition kinetics and mechanism were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (DCS-TG), in situ thermolysis by rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RSFTIR) and simultaneous TG-IR technology. The results showed that the apparent activation energies obtained by the Kissinger, Ozawa and Starink methods were 122.9 kJ·mol−1, 123.2 kJ·mol−1 and 123.5 kJ·mol−1, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters of ΔS≠, ΔH≠ and ΔG≠ were −37.5 J·K−1·mol−1, 118.4 kJ·mol−1 and 138.7 kJ·mol−1, respectively. The decomposition reaction process of DABNT starts with the transformation from a primary amine to a secondary amine and then the loss of one nitro-group from the DABNT structure. Gaseous products, such as N2O and H2O, were detected from decomposition in the range of 50-300 °C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were further employed to illustrate the decomposition mechanism. The above-mentioned information on the synthesis and thermal behaviour is quite useful for the scale-up and evaluation of the thermal safety of DABNT.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 281-295
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Property of 1,4-Diamino-3,6- dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole and Its Derivatives
Autorzy:
Li, Y.-N.
Wang, B.-Z.
Shu, Y.-J.
Zhang, S.-Y.
Lian, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNPP)
1,4-diamino-3,6- dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DADNP)
4,4’-(triaz-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1- amine-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole) (TBADNP)
N-amination reaction
synthesis
property
Opis:
A synthetic procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4-diamino- 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DADNP) via N-amination reaction. Its derivatives, 4,4’-(triaz-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1-amine-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c] pyrazole) (TBADNP) and 1,4-dinitramino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNADNP), were first designed and synthesized by the diazotization and nitrification of amino group, and their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elementary analysis and MS. The thermal properties of target compounds were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of DADNP, TBADNP and DNADNP are 227, 236 and 288 °C, respectively. Results show that the derivatives of 1,4-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole have better thermal stability.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 2; 321-331
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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