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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on the productivity and health of dairy cows and calves
    Autorzy:
    Radzikowski, Daniel
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179461.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    calves healthy
    dairy cow production
    prebiotics
    probiotics
    synbiotics
    Opis:
    In the interest of animal health as well as future consumers, natural additives are increasingly being given to animals, such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Defined as "natural growth promoters" stimulate growth and proper functioning of the body, which primarily affects the health of individuals as well as the productivity and consequently the quantity and quality of the products they receive. These formulations can be administered to both adult and young adult subjects. For dairy cows, the use of probiotic and prebiotic formulas contributes to an increase in milk yield and a reduction in the risk of mastitis. In calves formulation increases the resistance to diseases of the digestive system, which increases the weight gain of young individuals. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are substances that can replace antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of many diseases in cattle.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2017, 78; 193-198
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Diversifying Rural Livestock Production by the Introduction of Holstein Friesian on Zero Grazing for Rural Dairy Production, Employment, Poverty Alleviation and Food Security in the Tropics
    Autorzy:
    Gwaza, D. S.
    Okwori, A. I.
    Fombah, E. M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191355.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Adaptation
    Holstein Friesian
    calf-mortality
    disease-prevalence
    food security
    performance
    rural dairy production
    selection
    zero grazing
    Opis:
    The review was conducted from studies/reports of the performance of Holstein Friesian routinely kept by Heifer Project International (HPI) Farmer groups on imported Holstein Friesian herds on zero grazing in the western highland region of Cameroon. The review provides insight to the reports of the studied area, its climatic conditions, management of the animals and the methodology adopted by the researchers. Their findings and recommendations were also highlighted in order to inform policy makers and agencies with the responsibility to design programmes for rural development and youth empowment in tropical countries, the potentials of this technology to alleviate poverty, hunger, rural-urban migration and unemployment. The mean age at first calving was higher compared to other reports. The additive genetic variance of the sire that sired the dam of the heifer, the breeding techniques of maintaining a central bull for several farmers and other management techniques employed elongated age at first calving. Calving interval and calf birth weight were appreciable, though longer and lower respectively compared to existing reports. They were greatly affected by the management techniques employed by the farmers. The mean gestation length was low despite the poor management indicating that, this breed with improved management can be integrated into the tropical conditions. The percentage calf mortalities were very high. It varied across herd, indicating that there was no standard routine management practice adopted at the herds locations. The herd with better management recorded lower calf mortality. The effect of calf mortality rate on calf crop and selection for genetic improvement were worse and also varied across herds. In some herds, all the heifers produced must be retained to maintain herd size. In other herds the cow must calve many times before it is able to produce a heifer, that would replace it and lactate in the herd. The higher the number of calving that produced a lactating heifer, the longer the generation interval, and the lower the genetic progress achieved through selection when generation intervals are elongated. The genotypic diversity created through independent assortment, segregation and recombination of genes as random effects through gametogenesis and fertilization, respectively were lost to calf mortality and never presented to the environmental challenges of the tropics for selection and adaptation. Superior genotypes that could have tolerated the tropical condition were never exposed to build physiological mechanism that would help them cope with tropical stress. The few genotypes that survived, were introduced into the stressful conditions of the tropics often too early and sudden with no time to allow them develop and build their survival techniques to enhance their adaptation in the tropics. There were high incidences of disease prevalence which also varied across herds, locations, type of bedding materials used and floor type in the housing. There was no housing design directed towards herd health as participating farmers erect structures they can afford. This was why calf mortality rate were very high. The calves are being introduced into an already diseased hazard environment without adequate time to develop their own defence mechanisms. The survival of some calves, reproductive performance of the herd and their lactation thus indicate that, this breed can be integrated into the tropical conditions. There is however, need for interested countries and agencies to design a low cost housing type and insist that, their potential beneficiaries must provide this housing and adequate feed from the zero grazing plots first before they acquire their animals. Mud floor must be replaced with laterite floor for easy drainage of urine and water. This will improve herd health, introduce calves into the challenging tropical stress gradually and allow them enough time to build their body defence against prevalent diseases. There is also the need to reduce the number of farmers attached to a central bull, to ensure that all heifers attached to a bull have successful services.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2016, 34; 1-33
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Smallholder Cattle Production Systems and Husbandry Management in West Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia
    Autorzy:
    Bainesagn, Worku Wolelie
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182870.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    dairy cattle
    production system
    peri-urban
    rural
    urban
    Opis:
    The study was conducted in West Shoa zone, Oromia, central Ethiopia, aimed with assessment of Production Systems and Husbandry Management of dairy cattle. The study area covered 180 households found in peri-urban ,urban and rural areas of Adaberga, Ejere and Metarobi districts which included 58 in rural areas 101 in peri-urban and 21 in urban areas of the districts. The information was collected from secondary data, group discussion, household level survey questionnaire, farm visit and personal observations. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20). The farming system of the study area was grouped into livestock production (12.78%), crop production (2.78%) and mixed type of production (84.46%). Average land holding for crop, grazing and forage and irrigated land in the study areas were 2.3 ha, 1.38 ha and 0.17 ha respectively. About 100% in rural, 33.55% in peri-urban and 0.65% in urban of households, who owned local dairy cows was used free grazing and fed crop residue as supplement. Similarly 22.58% of households in urban and peri-urban, who had both local and crossed dairy cows, were used free grazing system for local and industrial by products for crossed cow with crop residue. The remaining 6.45% of household in urban and 9.03% in peri-urban were used stall feeding of industrial by products with the mix of crop residue and atella. Water for drinking dairy cattle were accessed from pond (12.26%), rivers (61.9 %), pipe water (23.29 %) and stream (2.58 %). From total respondents about 87.1% and 11.6% of respondents were cleaned dairy barns in daily and weekly basis respectively whereas 1.29% of the respondents were not cleaned dairy barns all the time. The dairy production improvements must consider the available feed resources, farming system, socio-economic and husbandry management.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2016, 53, 3; 178-188
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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