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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of emissions and fuel consumption from forklifts by location of operation
    Autorzy:
    Ziółkowski, Andrzej
    Fuć, Paweł
    Jagielski, Aleks
    Bednarek, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097652.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    forklifts
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    exhaust emission
    fuel consumption
    wózki widłowe
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    emisja spalin
    zużycie paliwa
    Opis:
    The share of road transport accounts for more than 85% of the total structure of freight transportation. In this process, mainly motor vehicles are used to carry out the freight work. In addition to them, forklifts are also used, whose task is to load and unload goods. These vehicles are categorized as NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery). Forklift trucks have internal combustion or electric drive. The paper presents an analysis of the emission of pollutants and fuel consumption from forklift trucks equipped with diesel and LPG power. The study uses the author's test taking into account the raising/lowering of a pallet, a loaded and unloaded run. The measurements were made in the warehouse and outside the warehouse using the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment. The aim was to show the influence of loading conditions on the emission of pollutants and fuel consumption.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 30--35
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Program initiatives of public authorities in the field of hydrogenation of the economy in a global perspective, as of the end of 2020
    Autorzy:
    Menes, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097648.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    greenhouse gases
    hydrogen vehicle
    emission measurement
    directions of automotive development
    gazy cieplarniane
    pojazd wodorowy
    pomiar emisji
    kierunki rozwoju motoryzacji
    Opis:
    In the years 2016-2020, there has been a significant acceleration in the development of technologies for the hydrogen energy use and their popularization in practice. The value of the global hydrogen market in 2018 was estimated at US $122 billion, predicted that it will increase to US $155 billion by the 2022. The appropriate policy framework has a major impact on the development of new technologies, in particular during research, prototype implementations and the initial phase of their commercialization. Of course, this also fully applies to hydrogen technologies, which was confirmed, i.a., in its study by The Hydrogen Council, a leading global organization in this field. The spearheading countries intensively involved in the development and dissemination of hydrogen technologies are primarily: Japan, China, South Korea, Germany, France, Great Britain, Scandinavian and Benelux countries, as well as Canada and the USA. A dozen more countries making up the leading group, such as: Italy, Spain, Portugal, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, India and South Africa are making efforts to join the global hydrogen race and complete the leading group. The scale of the global development of hydrogen technologies is illustrated by the fact that at the end of 2019, vehicles with hydrogen fuel cells and the publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling stations serving them already operated in 18 countries. An effective use of the incurred expenditures undoubtedly requires the interested states to formulate an appropriate policy (strategy) for the hydrogenation of the economy, including, in addition to precisely defined long-term objectives, e.g. elements of support from public administration, assurance of: stable investment conditions and the necessary regulatory conditions. The article attempts to synthetically present the political framework, i.e. the functioning plans and programs as well as national strategies for the development of hydrogen technology and economy in 19 countries.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 18--29
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emission based on road tests
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz, J.
    Rymaniak, Ł.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132884.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    CO2 emission
    combustion engines
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    toxicity indicators
    emisja dwutlenku węgla
    silnik spalinowy
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    wskaźniki toksyczności
    Opis:
    The article discusses the possibility of determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emissions. These are called toxicity indicators because they concern the compounds: CO, THC and NOx. Three Euro V compliant vehicles with different propulsion systems types were used for the study: a 0.9 dm3 urban passenger car with a SI engine and a start-stop system, a 2.5 dm3 off-road vehicle with a CI engine, and a city bus with a hybrid drive system in series configuration and a CI engine with a displacement of 6.7 dm3. Measurements were made in actual operating conditions in the Poznan agglomeration using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The paper presents the characteristics of the operating time shares of vehicles and propulsion systems as well as CO2 emissions depending on the engine load and crankshaft rotational speed for individual vehicles. The determined toxicity indicators allowed to indicate their usefulness, to make comparisons between tested vehicles, and to identify directions for further work on the application and interpretation of these indicators.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 66-72
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions
    Autorzy:
    Kamińska, Michalina
    Kołodziejek, Daniel
    Szymlet, Natalia
    Fuć, Paweł
    Grzeszczyk, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097647.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    exhaust emission
    rail vehicles
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    non-road mobile machinery
    NRMM
    emisja spalin
    pojazdy szynowe
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    pozadrogowe maszyny ruchome
    Opis:
    The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamometers. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for assessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates. Additionally, the paper presents examples of locomotive exhaust emission tests in real operating conditions. The aim of the measurements was to assess the emission of toxic compounds against the relevant standards. The subject of the research was a diesel locomotive type T448.P equipped with a modernized internal combustion engine.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 10--17
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    PEMS-based investigations into exhaust emissions from non-road and rail vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz, J.
    Lijewski, P.
    Pielecha, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133787.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    non road vehicle
    rail vehicles
    pollution emissions
    real driving emissions
    portable emission measurement system
    pojazd pozadrogowy
    pojazdy szynowe
    emisje zanieczyszczeń
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    Opis:
    At the beginning of the twenty-first century, one of the major challenges of humanity was to reduce the negative effects of civilization development. Besides the engines used in road vehicles there is a large group of engines for non-road applications. This group includes motor propelled vehicles not used on the road NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery). Engines of these vehicles, among all of the non-road applications, are characterized by very specific working conditions that do not allow for them to be qualified for propulsion engines. The main problem with these vehicles is the particulate matter and nitrogen oxides emission. Rail vehicles operating conditions these requirements take by the similar way, as having a wide range of rolling stock markedly alters the environmental impact of these vehicles. Thus it becomes necessary to consider the issue of the method of evaluation of engine emissions in rail vehicles in terms of their actual operating conditions. Thus, efforts to assess the actual level of emissivity for rail vehicles and attempts to improve it are necessary and justified.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 46-53
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Method of verifying the emission level of the exhaust components of a special vehicle in relation to EURO III standard in road conditions
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierczak, Andrzej R.
    Matla, Jędrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097637.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    emissions verification method
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    special vehicle
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    exhaust components
    weryfikacja emisji
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    pojazd specjalny
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    składniki spalin
    Opis:
    The following article presents the method of verification of EURO III standard in real conditions for special vehicles. The test object qualified as a special vehicle was tested in road conditions along a defined route, and then the obtained measurement results were compared to the exhaust emission standard (EURO III) applicable for this vehicle. A method of comparing the emission factors in road conditions with the indicators obtained on the engine dynamometer was proposed. An AVL mobile exhaust gas analyzers PEMS dedicated for RDE road tests were used in the research.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 89--93
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Particle number measurements in the European legislation and future JRC activities
    Autorzy:
    Giechaskiel, B.
    Lahde, T.
    Suarez-Bertoa, R.
    Clairotte, M.
    Grigoratos, T.
    Zardini, A.
    Perujo, A.
    Martini, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    vehicle emissions regulation
    particle measurement programme
    PMP
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    periodical technical inspection
    particle number
    sub-23 nm
    regulacja emisji spalin
    program pomiaru cząstek
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    okresowa kontrola techniczna
    liczba cząstek
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    Opis:
    The solid particle number method was introduced in the European Union (EU) light-duty legislation for diesel vehicles to ensure the installation of the best-available technology for particles (i.e., wall-flow diesel particulate filters) without the uncertainties of the volatile nucleation mode and without the need of large investment for purchasing the equipment. Later it was extended to gasoline vehicles with direct injection engines, heavy-duty engines (both compression ignition and positive ignitions) and non-road mobile machinery engines. Real Driving Emissions (RDE) testing on the road with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for particle number (and NOx) during type approval and in-service conformity testing was recently (in 2017) introduced for light-duty vehicles, and is under discussion for heavy-duty vehicles in-service conformity testing. This paper will summarize the existing legislation regarding solid particle number and discuss the on-going activities at EU level. The main focus at the moment is on improving the calibration procedures, and extending the lower detection size below 23 nm with interlaboratory exercises. In parallel, discussions are on-going to introduce testing at low ambient temperature, regeneration emissions in the light-duty regulation, a particle limit for other technologies such as gasoline port-fuel injection vehicles, and the feasibility of particle measurements to L-category vehicles (mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles and minicars). A short overview of periodical technical inspection investigations and the situation regarding non-exhaust traffic related sources with special focus on brakes and tyres will be described.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 3; 3-16
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of two condensation particle counters (CPCs) in photometric mode for high concentration exhaust emission measurements
    Autorzy:
    Giechaskiel, Barouch
    Melas, Anastasios
    Mamakos, Athanasios
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202487.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    PEMS
    PTI
    CPC
    PNC
    portable emission measurement system
    periodic technical inspection
    condensation particle counter
    particle number counter
    single counting mode
    photometric mode
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    okresowe badania techniczne
    kondensacyjny analizator cząstek stałych
    licznik cząstek stałych
    tryb pojedynczego zliczania
    tryb fotometryczny
    Opis:
    Condensation particle counters (CPCs) use light scattering to count particles after they have grown to micron size in a supersaturated environment. In single counting mode each particle is counted depending on whether the scattered light exceeds a threshold value or not. In photometric mode the total scattered light is converted in particle number concentration. While for laboratory grade particle number systems, CPCs are allowed to operate only in single counting mode, there is no such requirements for portable emissions measurements systems (PEMS) for real-driving emissions (RDE) testing or for instruments for periodic technical inspection (PTI) of vehicles. In this study two CPCs of the same model were assessed in single counting and photometric modes with silver and graphite particles with sizes ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm. The results showed that the concentration was measured accurately enough for particles in the 25 nm to 50 nm size range, but was underestimated and overestimated for smaller and larger particles, respectively. The key message is that the photometric mode should be avoided or calibrated in function of concentration and particle size.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 15--23
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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