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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ typu siedliskowego lasu na przychody uzyskiwane w ramach wczesnych i późnych trzebieży pozytywnych
    Influence of the forest habitat type on the income from the early and late positive thinnings
    Autorzy:
    Gostołek, R.
    Rutkowska, A.
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986630.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    typy siedliskowe lasu
    trzebieze
    trzebiez pozytywna
    trzebiez wczesna
    trzebiez pozna
    przychody
    sprzedaz drewna
    thinnings for positive selection
    income
    forest economics
    Opis:
    Environment creating and general social cost−consuming factors are of the utmost importance to realize the multifunctional forest management. As a result, in some forest districts, one notes a disproportionate relationship between the costs and incomes. It can determine the level of the achieved profitability and influence the availability of the financial resources. One of the crucial elements of the realization of the forest management is the constant control of the cash flow (income and costs). Because of the specification of the forest management, the flows are determined by the economic as well as ecological factors. This is the reason of exploring of the influence of forest habitat types on the sales income reached as part of the early and late thinning for positive selection. The income from the sales of 100,798 m3 woody raw material acquired from 3,628 ha was analyzed. Forest habitat type significantly influenced the income taken from the sale of woody raw material that was reached as the part of analyzed tending (V=44%). It was proved that forest habitat type in case of early thinning for positive selection had higher all−important influence on the income acquired from the sale of wood than in case of late thinning for positive selection, which was determined as the middle influence (V=56 and 24%, respectively).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 03; 179-188
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania wstępne zrywki konnej w trzebieży wczesnej drzewostanu sosnowego
    Predvaritelnye issledovanija konnojj treljovki v rannejj rubke ukhoda sosnovogo nasazhdenija
    Introductory studies on the horse skiddling at early thinning of pine stand
    Autorzy:
    Porter, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/822638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1988
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany sosnowe
    trzebiez wczesna
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    zrywka drewna
    zrywka konna
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 1988, 132, 05
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wzrost drzewostanu sosnowego zalozonego na gruncie porolnym traktowanego cieciami liniowymi i selekcyjnymi
    Autorzy:
    Zachara, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/822329.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1992
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany sosnowe
    grunty porolne
    hodowla lasu
    trzebiez selekcyjna
    trzebieze
    ciecia liniowe
    lesnictwo
    zabiegi pielegnacyjne
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 1992, 136, 09; 33-40
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Proba syntetycznej oceny uszkodzen drzew i gleby przy pozyskiwaniu drewna, na przykladzie poznych trzebiezy drzewostanow sosnowych
    Autorzy:
    Suwala, M
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/815298.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany sosnowe
    uszkodzenia drzew
    szkody w lesie
    metody pozyskiwania drewna
    trzebiez pozna
    uszkodzenia gleby
    lesnictwo
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2000, 144, 10; 29-38
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uszkodzenia drzew w następstwie trzebieży wczesnych w nizinnych drzewostanach świerkowych
    Tree damage in lowland spruce stands caused by early thinnings
    Autorzy:
    Bembenek, M.
    Giefing, D.F.
    Karaszewski, Z.
    Mederski, P.S.
    Szczepańska-Alvarez, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uzytkowanie lasu
    drzewostany nizinne
    trzebiez wczesna
    drzewostany swierkowe
    swierk
    uszkodzenia drzew
    spruce
    tree damage
    timber harvest methods
    early thinning
    Opis:
    The paper presents analysis of tree damage after early thinning in lowland spruce stands. Percentage of tree with damage and weighted damage index (WDI) were considered. Three different thinning operations were analysed, in which different cutting method was applied. The smallest level of damage was observed when short wood system (SWS) was used. There were no significant differences between frequency of damage when full tree (FTS) and long wood (LWS) systems were compared.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 10; 747-753
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ekonomiczna efektywność zabiegów trzebieżowych w drzewostanach sosnowych II i III klas wieku
    Economic efficiency of thinning in pine stands of II and III age classes
    Autorzy:
    Ankudo-Jankowska, A.
    Glura, J.
    Ankudo, L.
    Kowalczyk, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/993960.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany sosnowe
    drzewostany II klasy wieku
    drzewostany III klasy wieku
    trzebieze
    trzebiez wczesna
    efektywnosc ekonomiczna
    economic efficiency
    early thinning
    profitability of thinning
    Opis:
    The article presents an economic evaluation of effectiveness of early thinnings in pine stands. The assessment was based on the relationship between the revenues from timber sales and treatments costs. Studies confirmed that the profitability of thinning depends on the quality of habitat, stand age and forest district. Effectiveness of thinning is rising with increasing habitat quality. Costs of thinning are decreasing with the stand age.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 01; 17-25
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uszkodzenia drzew w nizinnych drzewostanach świerkowych podczas zabiegu trzebieży późnej
    Tree damage in lowland spruce stands because of late thinning
    Autorzy:
    Bembenek, M.
    Giefling, D.F.
    Karaszewski, Z.
    Mederski, P.S.
    Szczepańska-Alvarez, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/993989.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uzytkowanie lasu
    drzewostany nizinne
    trzebiez pozna
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    metody pozyskiwania drewna
    drzewostany swierkowe
    swierk
    uszkodzenia drzew
    norway spruce
    tree damage
    thinning operations
    Opis:
    The paper studies tree damage after late thinning operation in lowland spruce stands. The research was done in the 4ͭʰ age class stands, where three different methods of timber harvesting were applied: full tree system (FTS), long wood system (LWS), short wood system (SWS). The lowest level of damage was observed in SWS.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 12; 892-898
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ czyszczeń późnych i trzebieży wczesnych na skład i strukturę zgrupowań biegaczowatych zamieszkujących drzewostany sosnowe
    The effect of late cleanings and early thinnings on the composition and structure of carabid assemblages of inhabiting pine forest
    Autorzy:
    Skłodowski, J.
    Zdzioch, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026369.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    struktura zgrupowan
    drzewostany sosnowe
    fauna
    sklad gatunkowy
    owady
    czyszczenia pozne
    lesnictwo
    biegaczowate
    Carabidae
    zabiegi pielegnacyjne
    trzebiez wczesna
    carabidae
    assemblage structure
    sbo
    mib
    late cleanings
    early thinnings
    Opis:
    The effect of late cleanings and early thinnings on carabid assemblages in a stand was established one year and three years following the treatment. Cuttings have caused changes in the composition of the main carabid species. The number of the representatives of the xerophilous, Palaearctic and Holarctic species has declined while the share of individuals of the autumn development type and of forest species has increased. Following the cuttings the SCP index and the Mean Individual Biomass have attained higher values. The results suggest that tending cuttings in the stand have a favourable effect on the carabid assemblages.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 03; 57-64
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Długotrwałe efekty różnego nasilenia trzebieży selekcyjnej w drzewostanie sosnowym
    Long-term effects of different thinning intensity in young Scots pine stands
    Autorzy:
    Zachara, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986702.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    drzewostany sosnowe
    zabiegi pielegnacyjne
    trzebiez selekcyjna
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    wzrost roslin
    jakosc hodowlana
    scots pine
    silviculture
    tending cuts
    basal area increment
    stand resistance
    Opis:
    The paper describes a case study of thinning experiment established in 1976 with a use of random block design in 21−year−old Scots pine stand in Janów Lubelski Forest District (south−eastern Poland). The stand was subjected to no thinning (control variant K), weak thinning with removal of 10% of basal area (variant S1), strong thinning with removal of 30% of basal area (variant S3) and extreme thinning, where only future crop trees and some reserve trees were left (variant TE). S1 and S3 treatments were repeated each 5 years, while in TE treatment the 20−year interval was applied. During the period of 40 years all trees were measured each 5 years and current basal area increment was calculated for the whole stand and for future crop trees population. The relative increment of future crop trees population calculated as a percentage of stand total increment was taken into account too. Data were subjected to ANOVA and differences were compared with Tukey test. The results showed that total stand increment was not influenced by thinning intensity. The future crop trees increment was significantly higher in a case of extreme thinning in comparison to weak thinning and to the control treatment during the first 20 years of experiment (age 21−41). During the second 20 years (age 41−61) only relative basal area increment of future crop trees population was significantly higher on the plots with extreme thinning in comparison to other treatments. The results suggest that a weak thinning brings no silvicultural effect meant as increased growth of previously selected future crop Scots pines. Strong or very strong thinnings give a long−term growth effect and they can be acceptable, but in healthy and well−tended young pine stands only.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 09; 730-737
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czynniki wpływające na zmiany zwięzłości gleb leśnych podczas pozyskiwania surowca drzewnego
    Factors affecting the changes in penetration resistance of forest soils during timber harvesting
    Autorzy:
    Kulak, D.
    Stańczykiewicz, A.
    Szewczyk, G.
    Lubera, A.
    Strojny, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989881.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany sosnowe
    trzebiez pozna
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    metody pozyskiwania drewna
    oddzialywanie na glebe
    gleby lesne
    ugniatanie gleby
    zwiezlosc gleb
    timber harvesting
    mechanized
    motor−manual
    soil penetration resistance
    Opis:
    The objective of the studies was to determine the penetration resistance (cohesion) of soil compacted at timber harvesting in Scots pine stands subjected to late thinning. The scope of the investigations was limited to two technologies – the mechanized one, using a harvester−forwarder machine set, as well as the motor−manual one, employing petrol chainsaws and a farm tractor for forwarding and dragging of felled trees. The analyses were performed in central Poland, in the Staszów Forest District, for two habitats – fresh mixed coniferous forest and fresh mixed deciduous forest. The measurements of soil cohesion were taken with the use of Eijkelkamp 06.15.SA Penetrologger penetrometer along the five measurement lines situated perpendicularly to the main skidding track. The soil penetration resistance was measured in eight spots for every measurement line: in the middle of the left and right wheel−rut, between the wheel−ruts, on the left and right roadside within a distance of 0.5 and 1 m from the wheel−rut edge, and 10 m from the right wheel−rut; the latter location was treated as the reference. The mechanized timber harvesting caused stronger compaction of soil, particularly in wheel−ruts, where the recorded values of soil cohesion exceeded 3 MPa (fig. 1). For the technology with farm tractor for skidding, the greatest soil compaction was also encountered in wheel−ruts, reaching up to 2.5 MPa. With regard to both logging technologies, the analysis of variability in penetration resistance of the top 10−cm soil horizon revealed a statistically significant increase in soil compaction in wheel−ruts when compared with other measuring points along and nearby the skid track (fig. 2). The employed technology of timber harvesting and the degree of soil cohesion in wheel−ruts were proved to be correlated. In respect of the mechanized variant, the mean value of soil penetration resistance in the top 10−cm layer counted up to 2 MPa and was significantly greater than the one in motor−manual technology, where it did not exceed 1.3 MPa. No significant differences in soil compaction in reference to the investigated forest habitats were revealed, though it was stronger in fresh mixed coniferous forest, with regard to both technological variants. The motor−manual technology caused the increase in soil penetration resistance by 2% on the roadside, nearly 20% in the middle of the skid track and over 70% in wheel−ruts. While the mechanized logging operations resulted in 30% increase in soil cohesion on the roadside, 55% between the wheel−ruts and over 250% inside the wheel−ruts (fig. 3).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 04; 318-325
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zrywka drewna średniowymiarowego w drzewostanach trzebieżowych przy użyciu ciągnika rolniczego z przyczepą nasiębierną
    Timber extraction in thinned stands using agricultural tractor coupled with a trailer with a hydraulic crane
    Autorzy:
    Naskrent, B.
    Polowy, K.
    Grzywiński, W.
    Sobczak, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979600.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany sosnowe
    drzewostany przedrebne
    trzebiez pozna
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    drewno sredniowymiarowe
    zrywka drewna
    zrywka nasiebierna
    fotografia dnia roboczego
    struktura czasu pracy
    timber extraction
    time studies
    forest trailer
    working day photography
    Opis:
    The amount of timber extracted from Polish forests is expected to increase in near future. The most common equipment for timber extraction is an agricultural tractor with a trailer equipped with a hydraulic crane. The research was carried out in the Wymiarki Forest District (Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Zielona Góra) in the third (TP1) and fourth age class (TP2) in Scots pine stands, during extraction of timber from thinning. Extraction was carried out using BELARUS MTZ 1221.2 agricultural tractor with PALMS 120 forest trailer equipped with PALMS 700 hydraulic crane. The scope of the study was to conduct time studies of extraction process and to estimate the extraction productivity as well as time and fuel consumption. Working time was measured by stopwatch, while the forwarding distance was determined with measuring wheel. The exact number of logs in each load was established. Average volume of each log and each load was calculated. The dominant work time category was effective working time 74.78% (TP1) and 73.60% (TP2), while the prevailing work task was loading 56.82% (TP1) and 58.99% (TP2). In older stands, the extraction productivity was higher than in younger ones reaching 11.28 and 9.62 m3/h, respectively. Statistical analysis proved that extraction distance significantly affect productivity and time consumption. With increasing extraction distance productivity decreases and time consumption increases. Fuel consumption was exactly the same in younger and older stands (0.52 l/m3).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 02; 121-129
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trzebieże wczesne w Lasach Państwowych w Polsce – rozwój czy regres?
    Early thinnings in the State Forests in Poland – development or regress?
    Autorzy:
    Łukaszewicz, J.
    Zajączkowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980288.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    hodowla lasu
    lasy panstwowe
    zabiegi pielegnacyjne
    trzebiez wczesna
    drzewa lesne
    selekcja pozytywna
    drzewa przyszlosciowe
    stand tending operation
    principles of silviculture
    positive selection
    future trees
    stand stability
    Opis:
    Early thinning operations performed in relatively young stands, the most important element of the forest ecosystem, have a much greater impact on their stability than late thinning performed in the stands of older age classes. As regards early thinning, the method of tending cuts based on positive selection (selection and promotion of superior trees) developed by Ilmurzynski has formally been operating in the Polish ‘Principles of silviculture’ and forest practice in the State Forests since 1961. The paper analyses changes in the provisions of subsequent editions of the ‘Principles of silviculture’ (from 1953 to 2012) concerning early thinning operations and their implementation into forest practice in the stands managed by the State Forests. A gradual departure from the superior tree selection method as well as properly performed positive selection is observed. These changes could already be found in 1979. The lack of consistency in determining the aim of thinning treatments makes each of them a separate part of the operation. Because of the lack of consistent selection and promotion of specific trees, the conditions for positive selection are not met. The current ‘Principles of silviculture’ [2012] operating in the State Forests do not recommend the consistent selection of superior trees, but advise early thinning treatments based on the principle of negative selection corresponding to weak upper thinning (grade D according to method of the Association of German Forest Experimental Station from 1902). However in the practice, early thinning treatments similar to moderate lower thinning are often carried out instead (grade B according to method of the Association of German Forest Experimental Station from 1902). Such recommendations and operations regarding early thinning are the main cause of the lack of stability and resistance of stands to the impact of abiotic and biotic factors contributing to reducing the productivity of the forest. We consider it necessary to introduce modifications depending on the use of elements of the future tree method (reduction of the number of superior trees per ha) and group thinning (selection and permanent identification of the groups of superior trees). We propose the following number of superior trees per ha selected during the first early thinning operation: 200−300 for pine, 250−400 for spruce, 100−200 for oak, and 150−200 for beech. The current dissonance between the operating provisions and their arbitrary implementation into forest practice does not increase the silvicultural quality resulting from thinning treatments, which translates into the stability and productivity of stands. To prevent such a situation, we recommend conducting a series of regular training courses for forest staff on permanent thinning sample plots in all forest districts.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 01; 13-24
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ trzebieży przerębowej na zróżnicowanie strukturalne drzewostanu
    Autorzy:
    Bilski, M.
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022233.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    dominacja wymiarowa
    rozklad piersnic
    trzebiez przerebowa
    lesnictwo
    struktura drzewostanu
    rozmieszczenie przestrzenne
    drzewa lesne
    drzewostany jodlowe
    abies alba mill.
    angle measure index
    bwinpro model
    differentiation thinning
    diameter distribution
    diameter spatial diversity
    liocourt−meyer curve
    spatial pattern
    stand structure
    Opis:
    The impact of differentiation thinning on various aspects of structure of exemplary Silver fir stand, including overall diameter distribution, diameter spatial diversity, dimension dominance and spatial distribution pattern, is analysed. Comparison of empirical diameter distribution (before and after thinning) with a the−oretical Liocourt−Meyer curve and the results of structural analysis, lead to the general conclusion that in case of relatively simple−structured Silver fir stands, achieving a desired, plenter−like structure is a longterm process, requiring a lot of consistency and patience.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2005, 149, 04; 21-33
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozmiar i charakter naruszeń wierzchniej warstwy gleby powstałych podczas pozyskiwania i zrywki drewna w trzebieżach wczesnych drzewostanów świerkowych
    The size and nature of damage to the topsoil caused by timber extraction and skidding during early thinning operations in spruce stands
    Autorzy:
    Sowa, J.
    Kulak, D.
    Stańczykiewicz, A.
    Szewczyk, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    zrywka drewna
    warstwa wierzchnia
    uszkodzenia gleby
    zrywka konna
    zrywka linowa
    wciagarka Multi-FKS
    leśnictwo
    lasy górskie
    drzwostany świerkowe
    trzebież wczesna
    oddziaływanie na glebę
    gleby leśne
    timber harvest
    damage
    early thinning
    horse skidding
    winch skidding
    Opis:
    The study concerns the impact of two harvesting technologies – one based on a traditional horse skidding and one using a small MultiFKS winch powered by chainsaw motor on the size and nature of damage to the surface soil layer. The study was conducted in a spruce stand where early thinning was carried out. The total share of soil disturbed during harvesting operations was not large accounting for 2.99% of the cutting area for horse skidding and 1.73% for skidding using a MultiFKS winch. The volume of damage to the topsoil was 8.38 m3/ha and 2.64 m3/ha, respectively. The likelihood of disturbances of the soil layer was 47% for horse skidding and 31% for skidding by means of a winch. Both technologies were character−ized by a similar, ca 5% likelihood of cutting of topsoil to a depth larger than 5 cm. For both technologies the likelihood of soil compaction was significantly lower than soil cutting.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 05; 330-339
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

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