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    Tytuł:
    TRISTAN – program do standaryzacji sekwencji przyrostów rocznych
    TRISTAN - program for standardization of the annual increment sequences
    Autorzy:
    Krawczyk, A.
    Krąpiec, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008961.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    dendrochronologia
    drzewa lesne
    przyrosty roczne
    standaryzacja
    programy komputerowe
    program TRISTAN
    dendrochronological sequences
    standardization
    trend functions
    Opis:
    The paper presents the program TRISTAN 2.1 (Tree−RIngs STANdardization) dedicated to standardization of the dendrochronological sequences written in one of the most often used formats: Tucson Raw Data, ITRDB Site Chronology, TRRAD, TRMEAS as well as text ones. The program enables the choice of the optimal form of the trend function out of ten different variants and also offers the opportunity of calculating the basic statistical parameters and spectral characteristics.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 07; 471-477
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Strategie redukcji szkód pozyskaniowo−zrywkowych – standaryzacja i klasyfikacja szkód glebowych
    Strategies concerning the reduction of damage caused by harvesting and extraction of timber – standardisation and classification of soil damage
    Autorzy:
    Gil, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026727.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    szkody w lesie
    standaryzacja
    zrywka drewna
    klasyfikacja
    uszkodzenia gleby
    lesnictwo
    identyfikacja
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    horse skidding
    tractor extraction
    soil damage
    soil disturbance
    damage standards
    Opis:
    The paper provides information about the tendencies towards the number of horses and tractors used in Poland, the definition of the term damage in the context of forest utilisation, main soil damage categories resulting from timber extraction in the forest environment. The paper also discusses the methods for the assessment of the extent of soil disturbances, methods for identification of soil damage and gives the examples of soil damage standards and classifications used on the North American Continent (USA, Canada).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 05; 76-85
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metody standaryzacji kosztów jednostkowych wybranych prac z zakresu hodowli lasu
    Methods of standardisation of the unit costs of selected silvicultural works
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, J.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Mionskowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979356.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    hodowla lasu
    prace hodowlane
    koszty pracy
    koszty jednostkowe
    standaryzacja
    leśnictwo
    costs standardization
    costs of silviculture
    financial system of state forests
    Opis:
    The article presents methods for standardizing the costs of the silvicultural treatments (renewals and afforestation, corrections and additions, tending). Our scope included the statistical determination of factors shaping the costs of selected works, elaborating methods of their standardization, assessment of these methods suitability for determining standard unit costs of selected silvicultural works, and selection of the method for application in the financial system of the State Forests. The data were obtained from the database of the State Forests Information System for all forest districts in the country. Information about the social background of forest districts was obtained from the Local Data Bank. Initially we analysed factors shaping the costs of forest works. The first developed method was based on the grouping of forest districts with similar natural conditions described by the forest habitat types, which are the main factor shaping the costs of silviculture. The other method consisted of technological models for the field−works using the time−consumption catalogues used in the State Forests. Each of the developed methods is characterized by specific disadvantages and advantages. The first method determines the standard costs on the basis of historical data. The use of data incurred by forest districts in previous years has a major disadvantage, as they may contain results of poor efficacy from previous periods. However, the creation of groups of forest districts with similar natural conditions by organizational units from different regions of the country with different economic and social conditions, as various regional directorates of the State Forests pursuing a specific policy on the amount of rates for services performed by forest companies limits the disadvantages. The main advantage of the other method is that it is not based on the historical data. This method also gives the forest district management the opportunity to compare rates for services provided by forestry companies with the economic environment of the forest district, thanks to the use of the average monthly gross wages in administration districts. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of source data (time−consumption) from forest districts planning costs in natural units and applying long−term agreements with forestry services companies. Full assessment of the proposed methods will be possible after comparison of standardized costs calculated by different methods with actual values.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 11; 892-902
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metoda standaryzacji kosztów administracyjnych nadleśnictw z wykorzystaniem stopnia trudności gospodarowania
    Method of standardization of administrative costs of forest districts based on the management difficulty level
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, J.
    Kwiecień, R.
    Mionskowski, M.
    Garbacz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987004.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    nadlesnictwa
    koszty administracyjne
    standaryzacja
    wskaznik stopnia trudnosci gospodarowania
    administrative costs of forest districts
    standardization
    evaluation workload of forest districts' employees
    Opis:
    The article presents a method to standardize the administrative costs of forest districts using the management difficulty level index (STG). The scope of the study included the development of a revised structure of the STG for forest districts, comparison of the substantive and statistical factors that shape the level of administrative costs being incurred by forest districts with partial indicators that form the STG index, the development of the methods for determining the standard administrative costs of forest districts using the STG, and the selection of a method to be applied in the financial and economic practice of the State Forests. The source data for the administrative costs incurred by forest districts, as well as the data on the natural−forest conditions and annual economic tasks of the forest districts were obtained from the State Forests Information System databases for all the forests districts in Poland and from the Bureau for Forest Management and Geodesy. Information about the social environment of the forest districts was obtained from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office in Poland. In the methodological assumptions concerning the development of a method for shaping the level of administrative costs of the forest districts, two variants were adopted. The structuring of the STG for forest districts, as a tool to standardize administrative costs of forest districts, adopts the 'sum of relative values' method, where relative values of individual partial indicators (six simple and five complex ones) are obtained by dividing the absolute values of a specific indicator by the maximum value of this indicator for the whole population The obtained results of calculating the level of standard administrative costs of forest districts in two variants were similar. For the sake of clarity, simple mathematical formulas, and the ease of use by organizational units of the State Forests, the administrative cost standardization method based on the calculated average value of 1 item of the STG for forest districts per a given administrative cost group in the State Forests was used to build a makeshift of the State Forests plan for 2014−2016.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 03; 226-237
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Określanie standardowych kosztów jednostkowych wybranych prac z zakresu hodowli lasu
    Determination of standard unit costs of selected works from the silviculture
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, J.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979003.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    hodowla lasu
    prace hodowlane
    odnowienia lasu
    zalesianie
    koszty jednostkowe
    standaryzacja
    leśnictwo
    prace pielęgnacyjne
    standard costs
    silviculture
    grouping method
    ‘technological' method
    financial system of the state forests
    Opis:
    The article presents the standardization of costs of silviculture treatments (reforestation and afforestation, corrections and overplanting, forest tending) with the method of grouping forest districts with similar natural conditions and the ‘technological’ method. The standard costs were compared with the real costs, and the applied methods were assessed in terms of their suitability for the State Forests financial system. Source materials were obtained for 2017 from the databases of the State Forests Information System. The base for determination of the value of the average monthly gross remuneration by poviats for forest districts and regional directorates of the State Forests for 2017 was information obtained from the Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland and announcements of the President of the Statistics Poland on average remuneration in the national economy. The standardization method of unit costs in silviculture based on groups of forest districts with similar natural conditions boiled down to determining 12 uniform groups of forest districts in terms of the structure of forest habitat types. The ‘technological’ method consisted in building technological models of works in silviculture using the labor−consumption catalogues in force in the State Forests. The relationship between the developed standard costs and the weighted average real costs was calculated using the Spearman correlation. It achieved lower values for all analyzed treatment groups compared to the dependencies related to cost standardization using the ‘technological’ method. Comparison of deviations of reforestation and afforestation as well as corrections and overplanting calculated by two methods with real costs determined in regional directorates of the State Forests using the Wilcoxon test allowed to indicate regional directorates, in which underestimation of standard costs concerned both analyzed methods occurred. Forest districts included in these directorates should be subjected to careful analysis. To standardize unit costs of reforestation and afforestation, as well as corrections and overplanting, it is proposed to use the method of determining standard unit costs on the basis of groups of forest districts with similar natural conditions. The ‘technological’ method should be used to standardize unit costs of forest tending. However, one should take into account the overestimation of standard costs in comparison with the actual unit costs of this group of activities, especially in forest districts with high competition on the forest services market.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 03; 196-205
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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