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    Tytuł:
    Analiza jakościowa i wartościowa drewna dębowego w sprzedaży submisyjnej drewna cennego w RDLP w Katowicach
    Quality and value analysis of oak wood in the submission sale of valuable wood in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Katowice
    Autorzy:
    Mirski, R.
    Malinowski, Z.
    Wieruszewski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979172.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    oak wood
    submission sales
    wood defects
    raw material price
    Opis:
    In special trade of the valuable wood raw material, in addition to system sales, the submission form is preferred. Increasing demand for high quality wood leads to an increase in market prices. Oak is that species that is devoted for the sale in the group of valuable wood in Poland. Oak timber have a number of features limiting their industrial significance. Its suitability is affected by quality and technical properties. The price level, which is a measure of the economic usefulness of wood, is affected by the share of defects and offered dimensions. The paper reviews the impact of not only the quality factor, but also indicates the correlation between the dimensional parameters of oak wood offered and the average sales prices of special raw material in the submission sales in the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Katowice. Attention was drawn to the influence of both the diameter of wood directed to trade at a constant log length. The paper presents the variability of oak wood prices, where a characteristic factor translating into an increase in the value of the raw material is undoubtedly the diameter of the logs of the valuable raw material.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 06; 467-473
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany w budowie i właściwościach drewna jako efekt oddziaływania wiatru na drzewa
    Changes in the structure and properties of wood as an effect of the impact of wind on trees
    Autorzy:
    Tomczak, A.
    Jelonek, T.
    Jakubowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008762.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    uszkodzenia mechaniczne
    wiatry
    budowa drewna
    wlasciwosci mechaniczne
    zmiany adaptacyjne
    adaptation
    natural modifications
    windbreaks
    wood defects
    Opis:
    The paper presents a review of studies on the structure and properties of wood in relation to loads and damage of trees caused by wind. These two are the characteristics commonly used in the analyses of relationships between the tree and conditions of its growth and development.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2012, 156, 10; 776-783
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie folii do konserwacji drewna
    Application of the foil method of timber storage
    Autorzy:
    Solar, A.
    Janak, K.
    Kadlec, J.
    Staniszewski, P.
    Leinonen, T.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989758.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drewno
    przechowywanie drewna
    ochrona drewna
    okrycie z folii polietylenowej
    wood protection
    wood quality
    wood defects
    foil cover
    mould
    Opis:
    Timber obtained after snow or wind calamity cannot be usually processed at once, so it is necessary to store and protect the raw material often in provisional conditions. The classic wet protection is difficult to apply for the lack of water or insufficient equipment of the landfills. Protection with reduced oxygen content is a relatively new method, based on the biological activity of extracted wood, which consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. The aim of the work was to verify and document the success rate of long−term storage of wood raw materials by the method of limited access of oxygen in the Czech Republic. Two piles protected by the described method were established in 2008. The first pile contained 1203 logs with a total volume of 304 m³. 179 samples were selected and documented and their quality was determined at the beginning of the storage. The other pile included 1241 logs with length of 5 m with a total volume of 302 m³, 168 samples were evaluated and documented. The piles were gradually opened year by year. The quality of the protection was evaluated according to the changes in the quality of the log samples before and after the storage. The defects and quality were assessed. Log quality of the first pile declined in grade A by 1.91%, quality B increased by 5.1%, quality C increased by 10.83% and quality D decreased by 14.02%. Log quality in the second pile increased in grade A by 4.93%, grade B decreased by 4.93%, grade C increased by 3.52% and grade D decreased by 3.52%. Identified defects included mainly cracks and stain. Stain has increased in first pile by 4%, while by 15.6% in the other one and led usually to the deterioration of the quality. The compensation of moisture inside the individual logs during the storage period resulted in the reduction in checks size and number (12.1% and 8.2% in the first and second pile. respectively). Obtained results show that the storage without free oxygen access is very effective. During the storage the logs are protected sufficiently against fungi and insects.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 10; 857-862
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rekreacyjna funkcja lasów Nadleśnictwa Krynki w opinii publicznej
    Recreational function of forests in the Krynki Forest District in the public opinion
    Autorzy:
    Gołos, P.
    Sikora, A.T.
    Konieczny, A.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    funkcje lasu
    funkcje rekreacyjne
    zagospodarowanie rekreacyjne
    opinia publiczna
    leśnictwo
    Nadleśnictwo Krynki
    RDLP Białystok
    timber quality variation
    defects
    pinus sylvesrtis
    Opis:
    The aim of the research was to determine the impact of selected habitat and age features on the qualitative properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The research was carried out on forest stands from the Olesno, Wymiarki and Kalisz Pomorski forest districts (western Poland). The collected data provided information on technical and dimensional properties as well as quality classes for logs from Scots pine stands. The severity of the occurrence of seven basic wood defects, identified on the perimeter and length of the model log was identified and described. The collected data was used to determine the distribution of defect groups. For distributions of defect groups, normal distribution criteria were met. For the Scots pine assortments, the ANOVA showed that the hypothesis of the occurrence of an equal number of defects on the side of the logs in three separated classes of WA0, WB0 and WC0 of the quality of the raw material should be rejected. For the Tukey test, the results indicate that there is no reason to reject this hypothesis. The obtained p−value in this case is 0.09 for WB0 and WC0. There was no influence of the diameter of the logs and the habitat on the number of defects. Number of defect groups is correlated with the distance from the butt in Kalisz Pomorski and Wymiarki forest districts but not in Olesno. In that case the increase in the number of defect groups has its maximum in the zone of 6−8 m of the log length.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 11; 913-923
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Obecność martwic na pniach drzew stojących a jakość i wartość surowca dębowego
    Necroses occurring on trunks of standing trees against the quality and the value of oak timber
    Autorzy:
    Michalec, K.
    Wąsik, R.
    Gruchała, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989907.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    dab
    drzewa stojace
    uszkodzenia mechaniczne
    martwice drewna
    drewno debowe
    jakosc
    timber damage
    defects
    mechanical injuries
    timber classification
    rot
    Opis:
    This paper aimed to evaluate the impact of necroses occurring on trunks of standing oak trees on their wood quality and value. The research was carried out in five study plots situated in the Meszcze Forestry, Piotrków Forest District (central Poland). The investigations covered: measuring the diameter at breast height of every injured tree with diameter ≥7 cm, estimating the length of the trunk fragment that should be cut off to remove the defect, the assessment of the quality and size of the 3−m butt−end fragment of a trunk, excluding the detected damage or rot (classification I), as well as the quality and size assessment of the same trunk fragment, though including the encountered defect (classification II). The theoretical volume of timber within the particular quality classes was computed (WAt, WBt, WCt and WDt). Afterwards, the real volumes (WAr, WBr, WCr and WDr) were compared with those of groups S2r and S4r. Based on the analysis of the quantity of damaged trees in the investigated trial plots, the lowest share of such specimens was recorded in the compartment 2a (1.6% of defective trees). Whereas, the highest share of damaged trees was encountered in the compartment 39a (8.5%). The timber of more valuable large−sized classes 'migrated', due to damages, to the groups of medium−sized timber (S2 or S4). With respect to the total volume of timber within the particular classes and groups, the greatest loss was reported in the WB class. The timber in question 'migrated' mostly to the group S2, though a part of it was classified to the group S4 as well. The established decrease in the timber value, due to damages to trunks, accounted for ca. 26%, which amounted to ca. 5.8 thous. PLN, in relation to the entire investigated material. The obtained results indicated the necessity to reduce the damages occurring in oak stands and remove the injured trees as soon as possible to avoid a significant depreciation and a value loss of raw wood.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 09; 740-746
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmienność rozkładu wad drewna okrągłego w dojrzałych drzewostanach sosnowych
    Variability of the defects distribution round wood in mature pine stands
    Autorzy:
    Mirski, R.
    Wieruszewski, M.
    Malinowski, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979370.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany sosnowe
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    drewno sosnowe
    wady drewna
    leśnictwo
    jakość drewna
    drewno okrągłe
    timber quality variation
    defects
    pinus sylvesrtis
    Opis:
    The aim of the research was to determine the impact of selected habitat and age features on the qualitative properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The research was carried out on forest stands from the Olesno, Wymiarki and Kalisz Pomorski forest districts (western Poland). The collected data provided information on technical and dimensional properties as well as quality classes for logs from Scots pine stands. The severity of the occurrence of seven basic wood defects, identified on the perimeter and length of the model log was identified and described. The collected data was used to determine the distribution of defect groups. For distributions of defect groups, normal distribution criteria were met. For the Scots pine assortments, the ANOVA showed that the hypothesis of the occurrence of an equal number of defects on the side of the logs in three separated classes of WA0, WB0 and WC0 of the quality of the raw material should be rejected. For the Tukey test, the results indicate that there is no reason to reject this hypothesis. The obtained p−value in this case is 0.09 for WB0 and WC0. There was no influence of the diameter of the logs and the habitat on the number of defects. Number of defect groups is correlated with the distance from the butt in Kalisz Pomorski and Wymiarki forest districts but not in Olesno. In that case the increase in the number of defect groups has its maximum in the zone of 6−8 m of the log length.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 11; 913-923
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Związek typu ugałęzienia świerka pospolitego (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) z jakością surowca drzewnego
    Relationships between Norway spruce [Picea abies [L.] Karst.] branching type and timber
    Autorzy:
    Michalec, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1015618.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    typ ugalezienia
    drewno swierkowe
    Picea abies
    lesnictwo
    jakosc
    wady drewna
    swierk pospolity
    drzewa lesne
    norway spruce
    branching type
    timber quality
    wood defects
    Opis:
    As there are different views concerning the relationship between branching type and timber quality, the present paper attempts to evaluate this relationship. The studies were carried out on 32 sample plots located within the boundaries of two natural ranges of Norway spruce in Poland: north−eastern and south−western. The selected trees were examined for the type of branching, height and diameter at breast height, timber quality, size classes or groups in a butt−end section, and kinds or varieties of wood defects having an effect on timber grade classification. The analyses did not show any clear relationship between branching type and timber quality of Norway spruce.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 06; 33-43
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jakość drewna topól wprowadzonych w ramach rekultywacji leśnej na zwałowisko skał towarzyszących wydobyciu węgla brunatnego
    Quality of wood of poplars used in the reclamation of spoil rock dump accompanying the lignite mining
    Autorzy:
    Pająk, M.
    Michalec, K.
    Wąsik, R.
    Urban, O.
    Vitek, P.
    Wos, B.
    Krzaklewski, W.
    Pietrzykowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979559.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    tereny przemyslowe
    kopalnie wegla brunatnego
    zwalowiska zewnetrzne
    rekultywacja lesna
    topola
    drewno topolowe
    jakosc drewna
    wady drewna
    cultivar
    timber
    wood defects
    knots
    curvature
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to determine quality of wood of 40−year old poplar cultivars introduced onto the external spoil dump of the Bełchatów Field and subjected to various reclamation systems. The research was carried out on the 1/78 trial plot located on the northern slope of the external spoil dump of the Bełchatów Field (central Poland). The dump was the result of the rock (predominantly sand) overlay storage accompanying lignite deposit. On the trial plot two blocks were established: one called ‘Humus’ where sandy sediments were covered with approximately 20−centimeter layer of fertile soil, and the other named ‘Piasek’ (sand) with only sandy sediments. To set up the experiment 9 poplar varieties were used (I−214, Robusta, Gerlica, H−194, Grandis, Oxford, Androscoggin, Geneva, H−275). Their wood quality was assessed in 2017, 40 years after their introduction on the spoil dump. The results indicate that poplars growing in the ‘Humus’ variant were characterised by higher volume in comparison to wood of poplars from the ‘Piasek’ variant. The latter however had a larger share of better wood quality classes (WB, WC). The results also showed that wood classification of all investigated varieties were significantly influenced by curvature in the case of the ‘Humus’ variant and knots in the ‘Piasek’ one. The influence of other wood defects such as galls, grain slope, multiple pith and knobs was insignificant. In order to obtain the higher volume of poplar raw material the reclamation treatments should be carried out on afforested areas with fertile outer layer whereas the better quality raw material can be obtained on less fertile sediments.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 10; 855-861
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ wad drewna wielkowymiarowego na przychody z jego sprzedaży
    Effect of defects on income from the sales of large dimension timber
    Autorzy:
    Szramka, H.
    Bieniaszewski, T.
    Auguścik, L.
    Bobek, J.
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987045.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    ekonomika lesnictwa
    surowce drzewne
    obnizenie jakosci
    drewno wielkowymiarowe
    wady drewna
    drewno
    sprzedaz
    przychody
    Nadlesnictwo Zaporowo
    forest stands
    health
    timber
    wood defects
    forest economics
    Opis:
    Harvested timber has many various wood defects. Analyses were carried out on material collected in Zaporowo Forest District (northern Poland). Results show that various defects were found in 35% of harvested timber on average. The share of timber with defects varied among individual species (pine – 44%, spruce – 22%, oak – 14%, birch – 9%, beech – 5%, lime and larch – 2% each, hornbeam and alder – 1% each). The individual wood defects appeared in harvested timber with following frequency: knots – 55%, knobs – 22%, foreign bodies – 7%, curvature – 5%, inner rot – 5%, galls – 2%, blue stain – 1%, insect holes – 1%, false heartwood – 1%, and cracks – 1%. Timber defects resulted in reduction of income from the sales. A decrease in income caused by various defects amounted from 0.07 PLN/m3 for brown sap stain to 68.83 PLN/m3 for knots. The greatest effect of wood defects on the reduction of income from sales was recorded for oak timber (518.30 PLN/m3), while the smallest for aspen (4.63 PLN/m3). Due to the fact that in almost all analysed tree species the dominant effect on the reduction of income from timber sales was caused by knots (open knots and knobs) systematic solutions need to be found in order to reduce the effect of this defect. It is particularly important in the case of oak timber, where a decrease in income from timber sales connected with this defect was the greatest.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 03; 238-246
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kształtowanie się jakości surowca świerkowego w zależności od wysokości nad poziomem morza i wystawy
    The effect of altitude and exposure on the quality of spruce timber
    Autorzy:
    Michalec, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973869.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Picea abies
    jakosc
    czynniki siedliska
    ekspozycja terenu
    leśnictwo
    drzewa leśne
    świerk pospolity
    drewno świerkowe
    wysokość nad poziomem morza
    spruce
    timber quality
    wood defects
    altitude
    exposure
    Polska
    Opis:
    Mountain regions are the main natural ranges of spruce forests in Poland. Their occurrence and growth in these areas is associated with the height above sea level and exposure. The attempt of the study was to determine the impact of these two characteristics on the quality of spruce timber. The research was carried out on 20 sample plots located in the Sudety (8 plots) and the Carpathians (12 plots). The trees growing on the selected plots were examined for their diameter at breast height and height, the quality of standing timber and the kinds and varieties of wood defects on tree stems. As a result of the conducted analyses it could generally be stated that forest stands from the lower montane zone produced higher quality timber in terms of both volume and quality and that the best quality stands were on the western and the poorest ones – on the southern slopes.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 06; 373-383
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jakość surowca sosnowego pochodzącego z terenów rekultywowanych dla leśnictwa na przykładzie zwałowiska odpadów po wydobyciu siarki w Piasecznie
    Quality of Scots pine wood on the lands reclaimed for forestry - spoil heap after the exploitation of sulphur in Piaseczno case study
    Autorzy:
    Pająk, K.
    Michalec, K.
    Wąsik, R.
    Kościelny, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989265.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    tereny przemyslowe
    Kopalnia Siarki Piaseczno
    zwalowiska odpadow
    zwalowiska zewnetrzne
    rekultywacja lesna
    drzewa lesne
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    drewno sosnowe
    jakosc drewna
    quality
    raw wood
    reclamation
    wood defects
    pinus sylvestris
    Opis:
    The research was conducted on the external spoil heap of the 'Piaseczno' Sulphur Mine (southern Poland). This paper aimed to determine the quality of wood in 40−year−old Scots pine trees planted onto the external spoil heap of the mine, in the scope of forest reclamation, depending on the soil substrate and employed reclamation treatments. The investigations were carried out at one−are circular trial plots. A total number of 17 study plots was established, located on: Quaternary loose sands (PL), mixed Quaternary sands and Tertiary Krakowieckie clays (PI), and mixed Quaternary sands and Tertiary clays after an intense initial fertilisation (PIN). Measurements performed at the study plots included determination of diameter at breast height of every tree with a diameter ≥7 cm and height of every tree. We classified the wood of standing trees, including a specification of class or quality and dimension group of the butt−end part of the trunk, identifying types and variants of defects that determined the results of quality classification of raw wood. We found significant differences in trees dimensions between soil substrates. No significant difference was found for fertilised substrates, therefore it may be assumed that fertilising of more fertile soils was an unnecessary treatment. The quality of pine wood was mostly affected by knots and curvatures. An impact of knots on the results of wood classification increased with fertility of soil substrate. With regard to curvatures, the opposite trend was recorded. The frequency of occurrence of the above−mentioned defects was determined not only by the habitat type, but also by the manner of forest management. To reduce the frequency of occurrence of the defects in question in the reclaimed areas, an appropriate closure of stands should be maintained and adequate tending treatments should be performed competently and skilfully, as this is done in commercial stands.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 04; 284-291
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Klasyfikacja surowca wybranych gatunków według norm polskich i Unii Europejskiej
    Classification of wood of selected tree species according to the Polish and the EU standards
    Autorzy:
    Michalec, K.
    Wąsik, K.
    Barszcz, A.
    Groń, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989278.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    surowce drzewne
    drewno bukowe
    drewno debowe
    drewno jodlowe
    drewno swierkowe
    wady drewna
    jakosc drewna
    klasyfikacja drewna
    normy unijne
    normy polskie
    raw wood
    wood defects
    wood value
    softwood
    hardwood
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper was to perform a comparative analysis of the quality and the value of beech, oak, fir and spruce wood classified according to the Polish and the EU standards. The research was carried out in Lesko and Baligród forest districts (south−eastern Poland). The measurements of the investigated raw wood were taken at the upper landings. With regard to fir, spruce and beech 50 specimens per species were measured, while in the case of oak only 25 pieces were examined. Each specimen was classified in respect of its quality and size according to the Polish standards (PN) and the European Union (PN−EN) standards. Then, the results of both classifications were compared in terms of the share of volumes of particular wood quality classes, the impact of wood defects on the raw wood classification results, and the value of wood determined by the means of both standards. With regard to the beech wood, the share of the poorest class D upon applying PN−EN was smaller than that for PN norms. This decrease was in favour of other classes, due to which the value of the entire beech wood increased by ca. 16%, when classified with the use of the EU standards. The oak wood revealed a slight increase in the share of wood volume in the class C and a decrease in the class D of PN−EN when compared with the Polish norms. The value of the oak wood classified with the use of the EU standards was merely by 2.3% higher than that of the Polish norms. With regard to the softwood (fir and spruce), a decrease in the share of wood of the class C in PN−EN was recorded, which was in favour of the classes B and D. The value of raw wood classified by means of the EU standards was lower for both of the coniferous species. The decrease for fir accounted for 13.3%, while for spruce it was only 1.5%. For the evaluation of the softwood, Polish classification was more profitable, whereas for hardwood the EU standards were more favourable.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 459-465
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Częstotliwość występowania i struktura rodzajowa wad drewna u głównych gatunków lasotwórczych Beskidu Żywieckiego i Śląskiego w zależności od wysokości nad poziomem morza
    The effect of altitude on the frequency and types of wood defects in major forest tree species in the Beskid Zywiecki and Beskid Slaski Mountains
    Autorzy:
    Barszcz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973792.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Abies
    buk
    czynniki siedliska
    Fagus
    Picea
    wady drewna
    wysokosc nad poziomem morza
    Beskid Śląski
    Beskid Żywiecki
    drzewa leśne
    gatunki lasotwórcze
    jodła
    leśnictwo
    świerk
    altitude
    wood defects
    timber quality
    Opis:
    The result of the research carried out in the Beskid Żywiecki and Beskid Śląski Mountains indicated the impact of altitude on certain qualitative properties of spruce, fir and beech timber. Significant differences were noted in the share of trees with defects, as well as in the observed types of wood defects in the examined timber depending on the climate/vegetation zone.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 03; 171-178
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pierśnica i wysokość drzew a ugałęzienie i proces oczyszczania się strzał na przykładzie modrzewia europejskiego (Larix decidua Mill.) z Sudetów Środkowych
    Breast height diameter and tree height in relation to branching and self-pruning of steams based on European larch [Larix decidua Mill.] from the Central Sudety Mountains
    Autorzy:
    Szymański, M.
    Pazdrowski, W.
    Kaźmierczak, K.
    Zasowski, P.
    Nawrot, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013269.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Sudety Srodkowe
    ugalezienie
    wysokosc drzew
    Larix decidua
    lasy gorskie
    samooczyszczanie
    lesnictwo
    piersnice drzew
    modrzew europejski
    drzewa lesne
    european larch (larix decidua mill.)
    the sudety mountains
    self−pruning
    timber
    wood defects
    Opis:
    Knots are remnants of branches left on the stem or visible in the side of the tree. They affect wood quality and its final utilisation. The rate of self−pruning depends on many factors, including tree species. The balance of assimilation and disassimilation to a considerable degree determines natural clearance of branches. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of natural clearance of branches in European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) varying in breast height diameter and height. Analyses were conducted in stands of different age classes. After mean sample trees were felled (selected according to Urich I) macroscopic observations were conducted, classifying individual zones of the stem into separate classes according to the rate of self−pruning. Analysed traits were found to vary considerably. A strong relationship was shown between breast height diameter, tree height and the length of the knot−free zone. The crown of the analysed forest−forming species retains similar relative length throughout the life of a tree.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 11; 47-55
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wytrzymałość na ściskanie wzdłuż włókien drewna sosny zwyczajnej uszkodzonej i nieuszkodzonej przez wiatr
    Compressive strength parallel to grain of Scots pine wood of wind-damaged and undamaged trees
    Autorzy:
    Jakubowski, M.
    Jelonek, T.
    Tomczak, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990848.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uzytkowanie lasu
    drzewostany pokleskowe
    wiatry
    uszkodzenia drzew
    drzewostany sosnowe
    drzewa uszkodzone
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    drewno sosnowe
    wytrzymalosc na sciskanie wzdluz wlokien
    wood properties
    strong wind
    scots pine
    wood defects
    Opis:
    Research was carried out in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands damaged by strong wind in six locations in Poland. The aim of this study was to analyse the radial variation of compressive strength parallel to grain in the wind−broken trees and neighbouring survivors. Strength tests were conducted in moisture above saturation fibre point. There were no significant differences in the radial distribution of the compressive strength between the compression side (breakage side) and the tension side (the opposite one). Either there were no significant differences between compression strength of damaged trees and neighbouring standing trees.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2014, 158, 10; 787-794
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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