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    Tytuł:
    Skala zniekształceń systemów korzeniowych sosny zwyczajnej Pinus sylvestris (L.) w uprawach leśnych
    Range of deformation of root system in young Scots pine plantations
    Autorzy:
    Szewczyk, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uprawy lesne
    drzewa lesne
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    system korzeniowy
    znieksztalcenia korzeni
    przyczyny znieksztalcen
    deformation of root system
    root pathogens
    scots pine plantation
    Opis:
    Deformation of root system as a result of root crookedness, bending or other injuries during plantation represent the main reason predestinating trees to parasitic infection. The objective of the presented work was the determination of the intensified occurrence of root deformation during tree plantation and the appearance of root pathogens. Observations were carried out on 5 sites localized in young Scots pine stands (up to 10 years old), from which 1522 samples of infected roots were collected. The obtained results confirmed that majority of trees showed deformed roots (95% represented roots with deformations). The greatest number of roots was characterized by symptoms accepted in the classification as second degree of deformation, i.e. without a visible main root and with numerous lateral roots.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2014, 158, 10; 754-760
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Molekularna diagnostyka wybranych patogenów z rodzaju Phytophthora w ramach integrowanej ochrony roślin
    Molecular diagnostic of Phytophthora pathogens as a tool for Integrated Pest Management
    Autorzy:
    Nowakowska, J.A.
    Malewski, T.
    Tereba, A.
    Borys, M.
    Oszako, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989551.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    fitopatologia
    Phytophthora
    wykrywanie
    identyfikacja
    Phytophthora alni subsp.multiformis
    Phytophthora lacustris
    Phytophthora taxon hungarica
    metody badan
    metoda real time PCR
    sondy TaqMan
    real time pcr
    taqman
    butt and fine root pathogens
    phytophthora
    Opis:
    Traditional detection methods such as baiting or direct isolation take a long time and are incapable to handling large volume of material to be tested. The real−time PCR−based techniques are faster, more sensitive, more easily automated, and do not require post−amplification procedures. Species−specific primers for Phytophthora were designed based on the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of rDNA collected from the NCBI DNA database. Primers and probes were designed using the Allele ID 7 at default search criteria. Specific probes were labeled with the reporter dyes JOE (6−carboxy−4,5−dichloro−2,7−dimethoxyfluorescein) at the 5' end and HBQ1 quencher at the 3' end (Sigma−Aldrich). The specificity of primers and fluorogenic probes was tested against genomic DNA of P. alni subsp. multiformis, P. lacustris and P. taxon hungarica. The real−time PCR reactions with the specific probes and primers yielded positive results with five concentrations of standards obtained by standard PCR reaction for corresponding Phytophthora species. The negative control (lack of DNA pathogens) yielded no amplification products. Standard curves showed a linear correlation between input DNA and cycle threshold (Ct) values with R² from 0.994 (P. alni) to 0.998 (P. taxon hungarica). The amplification efficiency of target DNA varied from 94.6% (P. alni) to 100% (P. taxon hungarica). The validation of the primers and probes designed for analysed Phytophthora species was performed on pure cultures, on soil samples from the forest nursery and declining oak stands. The designed probes displayed the high specificity of the detection of investigated species in pure cultures. The presented new molecular TaqMan probes can fully assist the integrated pest management as a powerful tool for a quick detection of above pathogenic organisms in forest nurseries. The molecular detection of harmful phytophthoras and in consequences diminishing of fungicides use for their control in forestry fully support European Union directives as well as the ‘Good plant protection practice measures' elaborated by European and Mediterranean Organisation of Plant Protection.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 05; 365-370
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ grzybów rozkładających korzenie drzew leśnych na uwalnianie CO2 - próba waloryzacji
    Effect of fungi decomposing roots of forest trees on CO2 release - an attempt of evaluation
    Autorzy:
    Sierota, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/995092.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    ekosystemy lesne
    drzewostany sosnowe
    drzewostany IV klasy wieku
    korzenie
    rozklad drewna
    biodegradacja
    grzyby
    Phlebiopsis gigantea
    Armillaria
    Heterobasidion
    uwalnianie wegla
    uwalnianie dwutlenku wegla
    co2 estimation
    carbon sequestration
    root decay
    pathogens
    p. gigantea
    Opis:
    On the basis of literature data and own research, algorithms for the calculation of the amount of released CO2 and C per hectare per year were developed taking into consideration 1) the share of trees infected by root pathogens in 80−year−old pine stands, 2) the weight of tree roots, 3) the share of cellulose in the wood of roots and 4) the loss of cellulose degraded by fungi. The developed model after transformations contains only a) the merchantable timber volume of trees per hectare to be harvested based on measurements or SILP database and b) the area of occurrence of fungi causing wood decay in roots and stumps (here: Heterobasidion spp., Armillaria spp. and Phlebiopsis gigantea). These data can also provide estimates of the level of carbon sequestration in the non−infested forest stands.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2012, 156, 02; 128-136
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Patogenne lęgniowce z rodzaju Phytophthora - nowe zagrożenie lasów w Europie
    Pathogenic oomycetes of Phytophthora genus - a new threat to forests in Europe
    Autorzy:
    Ajchler, M.
    Łobocka, M.
    Oszako, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986789.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    fitopatologia lesna
    zagrozenia drzewostanow
    czynniki chorobotworcze
    legniowce
    Oomycetes
    Phytophthora
    fytoftoroza
    identyfikacja
    epidemiologia
    Phytophthora alni
    Phytophthora cactorum
    Phytophthora cambivora
    Phytophthora cinnamomi
    Phytophthora citrophthora
    Phytophthora quercina
    Phytophthora plurivora
    Phytophthora ramorum
    ochrona lasu
    zwalczanie chorob roslin
    oomycetes
    phytophthora
    molecular typing
    plant pathogens
    biocontrol
    Opis:
    Pathogenic oomycetes represented mainly by the species of Phytophthora genus are among the most dangerous plant pathogens. They pose a serious threat for agricultural as well as wild plants, and are involved in forest decline worldwide. Over 140 pathogenic Phytophthora species have been identified so far. The common infection symptoms include rotting of below− and above− ground parts of plants, causing weakness and slow decline of infected trees. The economic losses caused by certain Phytophthora species may rich even 100%. Globalization and border opening have facilitated the transport of plant material between countries and continents, thus increased the risk of transfer of various Phytophthora genus representatives to new geographical locations. Global warming (e.g. mild winters) have facilitated the expansion of species from southern to northern Europe. Among Polish Phytophthora isolates are species that have previously been known only in nurseries (e.g. P. cactorum), but nowadays they are also isolated from forests (e.g. oak stand in the Krotoszyn Plateau). It suggests the pathway from nurseries to stands with plant for plantings and attached soil. There are also new species, that have not been isolated so far in the world (P. polonica) or found far away from Poland (P. fragaliaefolia in Japan on strawberry). The possible natural pathways are birds and water courses. In Mazowsze and Wielkopolska regions (C and W Poland) the polyphagous P. cinnamomi was found on pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur). This species causes significant damage to red oak forest in France, but also threats Jarrah forests in the Australian ecosystem (it attacks ca. 1000 species of plants). Fortunately, in addition to time consuming and laborious classic methods of Phytophthora identification, based on morphology and physiological properties, molecular methods that are based on immunological tests and chromosomal or mito− chondrial DNA markers identification have come into common use. Despite morphological similarity to true fungi, oomycetes are more closely related to diatoms and brown algae, and have several structural features that differentiate them from fungi, including the cell wall composed of cellulose instead of chitin. That is one of the reasons that fungicides have a limited use in the fight with Phytophthora infections. Additionally, type of ecological niches that are settled by pathogenic oomycetes (root remnants in soil, watercourses) hinders the chemical combating. Biocontrol, i.e. the use of interspecies interactions between microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) to limit the growth and development of pathogens, seems to be a reasonable alternative.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 10; 870-880
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Grzyby zasiedlające nasiona wybranych gatunków drzew leśnych
    Fungi inhabiting seeds of selected forest tree species
    Autorzy:
    Król, E.D.
    Machowicz-Stefaniak, Z.
    Zimowska, B.
    Abramczyk, B.A.
    Zalewska, E.D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973515.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    brzoza brodawkowata
    Betula pendula
    buk zwyczajny
    Fagus sylvatica
    Quercus robur
    Quercus rubra
    klon jawor
    Acer pseudoplatanus
    olsza czarna
    Alnus glutinosa
    Abies alba
    modrzew europejski
    Larix decidua
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    nasiona
    wykaz gatunkow
    leśnictwo
    drzewa leśne
    dąb szypułkowy
    jodła pospolita
    dąb czerwony
    grzyby zasiedlające nasiona
    pathogens
    mycological analysis
    coniferous trees
    deciduous trees
    fungal communities
    Opis:
    The seeds of forest trees usually transfer numerous fungi species, including pathogens, facultative parasites and saprotrophs. The aim of the present work was to determine qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi inhabiting the seeds of 10 trees species i.e.: birch (Betula pendula Roth.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), common oak (Quercus robur L.), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaerth.), fir (Abies alba Mill.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst). The seed samples were obtained courtesy of 5 forest districts located in the south−eastern Poland. Mycological analysis was performed in the years 2012−2013. Each time, the study included 100 surface−disinfected seeds of particular plant species. As a result of the study about 2000 colonies of fungi representing 26 genera and above 39 species were isolated. The most frequently occurring species were: Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma koningii, Epicoccum nigrum, Phoma spp. and Cylindrocarpon destructans. Moreover Discula spp., Phyllosticta spp., Pyrenochaeta spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria consortiale were obtained only from the seeds of deciduous trees while Truncatella angustata and Sphareopsis sapinea exclusively from the seeds of coniferous trees. The genus Fusarium was represented by 8 species and among them F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum and F. sporotrichioides dominated. Moreover Penicillium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Trichoderma koningii, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Chaetomium globosum and Trichothecium roseum were commonly isolated while the other species of fungi were present in smaller numbers. Isolation of numerous fungi species which may cause mold of sowing material, seedling blight as well as leaves and needles spot, indicates their big threat for seeds during storage and for plants in the initial period of growth in a nursery. The obtained results show that the seeds, besides the infected soil, are a very important source of infection for young plants.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 02; 135-141
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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