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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 33
Tytuł:
Zagadnienia ekonomiczne w planowaniu urządzeniowym
Economic issues in the forest management planning
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989755.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
plan urzadzania lasu
aspekty ekonomiczne
forest management plan
evaluation
assessment
efficiency
Opis:
The approach to forest management has changed many times over the time. Forest receives increasingly a lesser extent as wood and wild game supplier. Social and protective functions of the forest have begun to play more and more essential role. Change in the perception of the forest functions entails the questions about the economic consequences of the forest management in an era of changing priorities. This paper aims to compare approaches to the economic consequences of actions undertaken in the forestry in different periods. The evolution of the approach to the economic analysis can be traced. Analysis of historical publications allows to observe the changes, starting from 1820, when no special attention to the uniformity of drawing income from the forest was paid, through the interwar period, when attempts were made to maximize the profitability of forestry and through the World War II, when no analysis of economic rationality was taken, to the current situation, when more and more attention is paid to the economic consequence of changes in forest management priorities. Presented issues should be a contribution to the discussion on economic issues associated with conducting forest management especially in the context of the tasks included in the forest management plan. It must be noted that, despite the provisions in the instructions for the analysis of forest economic conditions, they often were not reflected in the management plans. Studies aimed at awareness raising and, consequently, the development of the synthetic parameters of an objective description and comparison of the economic conditions of forestry functioning both within the forest district and larger units seem to be necessary.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 10; 872-879
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Udział i rola czynnika społecznego w tworzeniu planów urządzenia lasu w Polsce
Participation and role of the social factor in developing forest management plans in Poland
Autorzy:
Jaszczak, R.
Wajchman, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990881.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
instrukcja urzadzania lasu
plan urzadzania lasu
czynniki spoleczne
forest management plan
social factor
Opis:
The paper reviews the composition of commissions taking decisions regarding the final forms of forest management plans in Poland after the Second World War and analyses regulations from the instructions of forest management plans from 1957, 1970, 1980, 1994, 2003 and 2012 referring to the participation of the respective communities in this process. The aim of this study was to have another look at the evolution of such participation and at the role of the social factor in the development of forest management plans in Poland and to discuss problems associated with it.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2014, 158, 03; 231-240
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metodyczne założenia analizy ekonomicznej gospodarki leśnej w planowaniu urządzeniowym
Methodical assumptions to economic analysis in forest management planning
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
plan urzadzania lasu
gospodarka lesna
analiza ekonomiczna
metodyka
forest management plan
economic evaluation
economic efficiency
Opis:
The forest management plan is the basic document on which the functioning of the forest district in a ten−years−long perspective is based. To maximize the usage, the economic expertise of the forest district administration (EEN) utilises in the large part of the analyses data available in the Information System of the State Forests, which can be obtained at the forest district level. The EEN consists of three basic parts: the general characteristics of the forest district, analysis of the past economy and a prognostic analysis. To preserve the operational character of the information, the most important parameters set for the forest district should be compared with the values for selected forest districts from regional directorates of the State Forests. The quality of the prognostic part of EEN depends primarily on the correctness of the adopted indicators and set values in the part analysing the effects of the past economy. The significance of this part of the EEN means that it should contain the most important elements related to plannable economic events and the related economic consequences. The introductory part of the EEN should start with presenting the background, the period and the principles of forest district functioning. One should remember that this document is not only prepared for the forest environment, but also for the people not related to forestry. In the main part of the expertise the natural, organizational and economic conditions of the forest management implementation in the given forest district are presented in a synthetic form. The economic expertise of the forest district is an expert study. Its primary goal is to determine the economic consequences of the implementation of the forest management plan prepared based on a synthetic assessment of the results of the past economy, taking into account the current conditions in the medium−term planning. The economic expertise for the forest management plan may be an important tool in improving the functioning of forest district and planning at various levels of management. The data contained there also allow to follow the dynamics of economic phenomena in the organizational units of the State Forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 02; 91-100
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prognozy ekonomiczno-gospodarcze w planowaniu urządzeniowym
Economic and management forecasts in the forest management planning
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979097.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
forest management plan
economic evaluation
economic efficiency
revenues
Opis:
Forest management is carried out based on the economic calculation, taking into account the principles of forest sustainability and protection. For a short period, an attempt to predict the unit’s economic situation on the basis of the analysis of the time series with a trend can be made. Appropriate exponential equalization methods were selected. When forecasting fixed costs in the new economic period, six methods were used (from the last year, from the last three years, Brown simple exponential smoothing model, Holt linear model, Winters model in the additive or multiplicative version) as well as the average value of all forecasts applied was calculated. To evaluate the tested models, among others, mean absolute error, root mean squared error and the predictability of the forecast were assessed. All analyses were performed using the MS EXCEL Solver add−in. Forest districts for which forecasts were made are located in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Krakow (A) and Białystok (B). Source data for forecasts came from the State Forests IT System and covered the years 2005−2014. The aim of the research was to evaluate the possibility of using the forecasted economic parameters in forest management planning estimated by various models and techniques of empirical verification. The study attempts to answer the question whether there is an econometric method that allows accurate forecasting of the economic situation of the forest district in the context of the realization of the tasks listed in the forest management plan. Relatively high accuracy of forecasts was achieved using the Holt linear model. Brown model, due to its methodological assumptions, resulted in a reduction in forecast results compared to other forecasting methods and expert knowledge. The method based on calculating the average value from many previously made forecasts gave very good results, which is also reflected in literature. Regardless of the group of costs analyzed, both fixed and unit variables, the lowest values of assessment of the compatibility of forecast were obtained by making the forecast based on the result from the last three years.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 08; 619-627
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wieki rębności i wieloaspektowa ocena ich stosowania
Autorzy:
Poznański, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022183.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wiek rebnosci
drzewostany
wykorzystanie
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
rotation age
natural and economic environmental factors
regulation methods
cutting plan
silviculture
plan
Opis:
The criterion of maturity in forestry is the average exploitable age i.e. the age of technical maturity of dominant trees in a crop. It has been demonstrated that rotation ages at all yield regulation stages are not applied in full. This is because forest is a biological system opened to influences of natural and economic environments. Decreasing or increasing rotation ages would not make the yield regulation systems used in forest planning practices better or more efficient. The application of superior, more modern regulation systems is thought to be the only realistic solution to the problem.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2005, 149, 03; 24-33
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona lasów w obliczu postępującego procesu urbanizacji na przykładzie gminy Jabłonna
Protection of forests in the face of the progressive urbanization process – Jablonna commune case study
Autorzy:
Budnicka-Kosior, J.
Janeczko, E.
Kwaśny, L.
Woźnicka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gmina Jablonna
miejscowy plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego
urbanizacja
zmiany uzytkowania gruntow
tereny lesne
lasy
ochrona lasu
local plan
area purpose change
suburbanization
Opis:
This paper aims to assess the degree of forest areas protection in the face of the growing problem of suburbanization (so−called ‘spilling of cities’). The problem particularly affects districts (often rural) in large cities suburban zones. These districts can often characterize with rich natural and landscape conditions. Because of the new residents’ inflow and the fulfillment of their needs, these municipalities may lose their current character. The local government, as an area host, having appropriate tools for shaping space, has a huge impact on the optimal use of its individual elements. Only rational spatial management, based on high standards of planning and spatial development, can stimulate the spatial development of a particular area and appropriately protect valuable space elements at the same time. The strategic documents of the Jabłonna commune emphasize that the dispersion of the buildings in the district area is one of the main threats to the landscape. This threat, increasing because of the investments, concerns particularly forest areas. Bearing in mind such a negative phenomenon for the space, which is the uncontrolled and progressive process of urbanization, this work analyses the existing local plans for the rural commune of Jabłonna in terms of forest protection against excessive urbanization pressure. The analysis of the plans enabled to estimate the area of forest areas for other than forest purposes (47.7 ha). An analysis of the destination type and arrangements concerning forests has been made, taking into account the state of ownership and the main features of the forest stand based on the information obtained from the forest data bank. The results received indicate that the largest number of forest areas in the Jabłonna district are dedicated for single−family housing (81.6%) and accompanying road infrastructure (11.5%). The local plans analysis allows to state that the local government adopts conservative and protective spatial policy in relation to forest areas administered by the State Forests, which assumes the preservation of valuable and high greenery and prohibits the logging. The largest share of forests that change their purpose in the local plans of the Jabłonna commune are private forests (42.7 ha) with average stand age of 40−60 years.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 02; 150-157
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Partycypacja społeczeństwa w planowaniu urządzeniowym w lasach prywatnych
Public participation in forest management planning in private forests
Autorzy:
Orzechowski, M.
Kamińska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985775.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
lasy prywatne
urzadzanie lasu
plan urzadzania lasu
partycypacja spoleczna
simplified forest management plan
public participation in forest management
private forests
Opis:
The provisions of the Act on Forests apply to all forests in Poland, irrespective of their ownership. They impose on owners and administrators the obligation to draw up Forest Management Plans (FMP) or Simplified FMP (SFMP). While the media are loudly protesting the adoption of some FMP for state forests, especially for some urban forests or semi−primeval forests, analogous documents for private forests do not attract such interest. Supervision of forest management in the area of forests owned by natural persons and land communities is carried out by the regional authorities, who also has commissioned the documentation of the equipment. Forest owners are informed about the preparation of SFMP for their sites. As a rule, they do not finance these works and there are no procedures for obtaining their direct approval of the plan. Owners, however, have the opportunity to participate in the creation of management documents and should use this opportunity. Especially because the effect of the management works is also the determination of incompatibility in the land use category. In this way, spontaneous woodlots can be reclassified into forest, which has serious consequences for the future of this property. Removal of trees growing on it and the restoration of agricultural use become very difficult in such a situation. The nature and manner of obtaining direct payments to the owned land will also change. Durable subsidies for agricultural crops are changing into possible and temporary limited payments for young forests silviculture and protection. The SFMP also regulates all economic activities that can be undertaken in the private forest in the next 10 years, including the amount of wood that can be harvested and used for its needs or commercialized. The serious consequences of the adopted plan suggest that social participation in the resulting document should be high. The level of this participation in the process of creating simplified plans in selected municipalities was analyzed. The study analyzed the level of public participation in the process of creating simplified forest management plans in four selected municipalities (Gródek nad Dunajcem, Kotuń, Lipnica and Szamotuły, S, E, N and W Poland respectively), which differ in terms of location, ownership history, the size of lots and other features. The level of interest of owners was characterized, the aspects of interest were identified, and it was shown that they may depend on some features of the area.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 04; 314-324
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niektóre problemy przygotowania danych do optymalizacji planu pozyskania drewna
Nekotorye problemy podgotovki dannykh dlja optimalizacii plana zagotovki drevesiny
Some problems of data preparation for optimizing the plan of wood harvesting
Autorzy:
Klapec, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/810774.pdf
Data publikacji:
1988
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
pozyskiwanie drewna
plan pozyskiwania drewna
optymalizacja
opracowanie danych
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1988, 132, 04
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane zagadnienia zarządzania lasami prywatnymi w Polsce
Selected aspects of private forest management in Poland
Autorzy:
Jaszczak, R.
Gołojuch, P.
Wajchman-Świtalska, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985881.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
lasy prywatne
zarzadzanie
urzadzanie lasu
history
law
forest management plan
Opis:
In Poland, private forests cover the area of 1,774,698 ha, which constitutes 19.2% of total forest area in the country. It is assumed that their actual share is much bigger, because about 300,000 ha of agricultural grounds covered with secondary succession forests, have not been classified as a forest grounds. In 2013, the complete and actual forest management documentation was prepared by 68.7% of private forests. The stand tending, especially commercial thinnings, cannot be legalized without mentioned documentation. What is more, the update of the Forest Data Bank was made according to the incomplete information on forest description and regulation of forest utilization. Nevertheless, private forests are an important ecological and economical element of Polish land use, and it is supposed that their importance will increase in the future. In Poland, there are some certain problems and expectations related to the private forests. The aim of the paper is to present selected aspects on private forests like their history, legal basis, and problems that occur during the preparation of documentation. The private forests have never been given proper consideration. The owners did not have an organized system of aid and consultancy. In 1991, existed separated legal basis were replaced by a common regulations for all types of the property of the forests. Poland’s accession to the EU caused the growth of expectations of private forests. Unfortunately, previous neglects, resulted mainly from the agricultural reform after 1944, weren’t eliminated, and their effects are still noticeable. Present legal basis is insufficient and sometimes imprecise. Another problem is the lack of supervision in case of the abridged forest management plan or forest inventory. Furthermore, the Forest Act does not precise who is to pay for preparing these documents. Also, the legal character of abridged forest management plan is often discussed. Private owners often treat forests as a source of financial profits by commercial thinnings or conversion of forest land into building land. Owners do not seem to be interested in the forest regeneration or forest tending as these are source of cost. Also non−productive servicing is not their goal. There is a need for elaboration of economical and legal solutions, which would make amends to private forest owners servicing some social or ecological functions. The supervisory authorities should get clear procedures related to the private forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 09; 754-762
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja wykorzystania analizy ex post do sporządzania aneksu ekonomicznego planu urządzenia lasu
Application of an ex post analysis for the preparation of the economic annex to the forest management plan
Autorzy:
Adamowicz, K.
Kożuch, A.
Jaszczak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
ekonomika lesnictwa
plan urzadzania lasu
analiza ex post
aneksy
aneks ekonomiczny
forest management plan
economic aspects of forestry
economical annex
ex post analysis
Opis:
The aim of the work is to present (i) the economic issues included in the forest management plans and (ii) the methodical bases of an ex post economic expertise, which may be carried out in order to evaluate the previous economic period, and should be a part of the economic annex to the forest management plan. Such expertise allows to formulate postulates and objectives to achieve in the near future, which are important for the forestry economics. The transformation in Poland occurred when the third revision of the forest management plans and instruction of the 1980 and 1994 were applied and caused significant changes in the Polish forestry. As a result, the concept of sustainable development of forestry appeared and the indicators and criteria for sustainable forest development were elaborated. However, they concerned mainly natural and social aspects, while the economic aspect was marginalized. Gradually, foresters began to appreciate the role of the economic analysis. The first versions of such expertise was already elaborated for the individual forest districts. The experience gained will certainly contribute to their dissemination and appreciation of included analysis and forecasts. The economic annexes should include information on value of the forest with an indication of the value of land and the stands themselves. The knowledge on the value of the forest, except for registration, is also required in determining changes as a result of business (in the income statement). The valuation of timber resources is also necessary in the evaluation of the effectiveness of economic projects in forestry affecting the changes in their value. In practice, the valuation of the forest is also essential in case of a change in the ownership or land use status. This usually applies to the sale, purchase, conversion or liquidation of the co−ownership, and also compensation for expropriation because of the road or residential construction. Furthermore, determination of the forest value is necessary in assessing the share of agriculture in national income. This applies particularly to the integrated economic and environmental national accounts in forestry, conducted in some European Union countries. The presented methodology of economic expertise points out the possibility of application the formula that introduces standardization of analysis of economy in the last economic period. It is also the contribution to the discussion on the elaboration of a single, synthetic parameter, which may influence on objectivity of economic conditions of the functioning of the forest holding.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 11; 883-892
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 33

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