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    Tytuł:
    Nietoperze w Puszczy Niepołomickiej
    Bats in Niepolomicka Forest
    Autorzy:
    Wojciuch-Płoskonka, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985679.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    fauna
    nietoperze
    Chiroptera
    sklad gatunkowy
    Puszcza Niepolomicka
    bats
    forest types
    age class
    echolocation
    Opis:
    The objective of the study was to recognise the species composition of bats in two forest stands that differ in terms of habitat type and age class. The study was carried out in the Niepołomicka Forest (southern Poland). An ultrasound ‘time−expansion’ processing system with Pettersson D240× detector was used to identify bat species by their echolocation signals employing SonoBat v.2.9.7 software to analyse bioacoustic spectrograms. We set up 36 recording points located in: old−growth and young plantations within the hygric mixed coniferous forest type (Pino−Quercetum) and hygric deciduous forest type (Tilio−Carpinetum). The measurements were carried out in July 2013, from 8:30 PM to 0.00 AM. The occurrence of nine species of bats were documented (tab.) of which Pipistrellus pygmaeus, P. pipistrellus, Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis myotis, M. emarginatus, and M. daubentonii had not been previously recorded in the Niepołomicka Forest. P. pipistrellus, M. emarginatus, M. daubentonii, and E. serotinus were recorded only in old−growths, whereas Nyctalus leisleri, N. noctula, and P. pygmaeus were found within both habitat types. Only two of the species identified in the study (M. myotis, and B. barbastellus) occurred both in the plantations and old−growth of hygric deciduous forest as well as in hygric mixed coniferous forest. None of the detected species was recorded exclusively in old−growth of hygric mixed coniferous forest type. The occurrence of a given bat species in the studied forest habitats and age classes of forest stands can be associated with the availability of prey, divergent feeding strategies, and with the adaptations affecting the nature of flight and ways of locating prey. The obtained results widened the knowledge of the species composition of bat fauna in the Niepołomicka Forest. At least 13 bat species live here. Apart from the nine species found in this study, four other species were found there in past years (Plecotus auritus, M. bechsteinii, M. brandtii and M. mystacinus).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 04; 348-352
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nietoperze jako wskaźniki stanu środowiska leśnego
    Bats as indicators of the condition of the forest environment
    Autorzy:
    Rachwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979494.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    lasy
    ekosystemy lesne
    fauna
    nietoperze
    Chiroptera
    bioindykatory
    zanieczyszczenia srodowiska
    bats
    indicators
    forest management
    biodiversity
    air pollutions
    Opis:
    The article overviews the role of bats in the forest ecosystem (especially the European forest), the impact of environmental pollution on the forest and bats, and the issue of bats indication of the forest environment condition. Existing data on the transfer of pollutants to the environment and between the aquatic and terrestrial environment are reviewed. The water environment is an important receiver of industrial pollution, which then transfer to the terrestrial environment i.a. through insect larvae. Bats as predators hunting for the insects, which undergo part of their life cycle in water (including Diptera: Chironomidae), play an important in this cycle. Another source of bats intoxication are terrestrial insects feeding on plants that transfer toxins that settle on the leaves surface further in the food chain. Bats as predators of the first or even second level store in such a case substances like heavy metals in their bodies. Air pollutants also have a direct impact on forest stands, causing (in zones of strong industrial pollution) the inhibition of tree growth. The result is, among other things, a smaller number of hollows, which in turn is manifested indirectly through weaker settlement by bats (and birds) of these stands. Bats communities inhabiting the forest depend on such factors as the availability of roosting places, the age struc− ture and spatial structure of the stands. All these features (as well as others related to them) are subject to modification through economic forestry, which causes changes in the bat communities. Ecological research of forest bats shows variability of settling of managed stands, as well as diversified species composition, especially smaller presence of typically forest bats connected ecologically with forests (e.g. western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus or lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri), in favor of bats preferring open spaces and built−up areas (serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus). This is probably the result of changes in the age and spatial structure of the stand. On the basis of the collected information, it was concluded that bats are a valuable indicator of the condition of the forest environment.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 03; 228-236
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potencjał nietoperzy w biologicznej ochronie lasu
    Bats as a potential biological pest control agent in forest
    Autorzy:
    Burgiell, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985874.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    ochrona lasu
    ochrona biologiczna
    nietoperze
    Chiroptera
    sklad pokarmu
    owady
    szkodniki roslin
    bats
    forest pests
    pest control
    forest protection
    Opis:
    Bats have a set of features that make them very effective insects predators, thus they can potentially play an important role as a biological pest control agent in forests. The active flight ability, nocturnal lifestyle, high level of metabolism and a lack of a significant threat from predators make bats the most important predators of insects active in the evening and at night. All bats species noted in Poland are associated with forests, where they use various microhabitats and forage on various types of prey. According to foraging strategy and diet, insect−eating bats have been divided into several ecomorphological groups, which shows different efficacy in foraging on particular species of forest insects pests. Numerous studies indicate that bats diet includes primary forest pests from order Lepidoptera and also some species from Diptera and Coleoptera. Forest pests from Lepidoptera and Diptera represent a significant share in the diet of gleaning bats, especially long eared bats Plecotus sp., barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus and Natterer’s bats Myotis nattererii. During the swarming period Melolonthinae sp. and Amphimallon sp. (Coleoptera) dominate in the diet of all larger species of bats, especially aerial hawkers and bats foraging along the linear elements in the landscape: serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus, commone noctule Nyctalus noctula, lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri and mouse eared bat Myotis myotis (which forage mainly on ground beetles). Moreover many bat species are able to change diet and adapt it to the most abundant prey. According to forest protection, the most important guilds are gleaners, bats foraging in the dense vegetation and canopy and aerial hawkers. Bats have a great potential as a biological control agents and all conservation practices including this group of animals will simultaneously support the natural forest resistance mechanisms.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 09; 707-717
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ leśnych zabiegów hodowlanych na nietoperze
    Impact of silvicultural treatments on bats
    Autorzy:
    Burgiell, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986693.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    oddzialywanie na zwierzeta
    fauna
    nietoperze
    Chiroptera
    ekologia zwierzat
    bats
    ecology
    silvicultural treatments
    forest management
    lesnictwo
    lasy gospodarcze
    gospodarka lesna
    zabiegi hodowlane
    Opis:
    The paper synthesizes the knowledge on the impact of silvicultural treatments on bat populations. Forest management affects stand structure and composition, and silvicultural treatments exert both positive or negative impact on the activity of individual bat species. Studies published on the issue suggest that forest management may prove useful for the conservation of bat populations, especially in areas that are important to bats. Harvesting system influences spatial and age patterns as well as the share of open woodland areas in forests, which are used by majority of bat species. In particular, polycyclic harvesting systems result in a mosaic of open midforest areas of various size such as clearcuts, group shelterwood cuts and gaps in forest stands, which are very attractive for aging habitats to bats. Common noctules and parti−coloured bats prefer to hunt by flying at high speeds and altitudes above open midforest areas such as clearcuts and group shelterwood cuts. Serotine bats and Nathusius' pipistrelles use smaller gaps and stands treated with shelterwood cuts. Barbastellas and Bechstein's bats prefer more cluttered foraging habitats in dense vegetation and canopy, while long−eared bats fly slower and glean their prey from plants. Selection cutting and irregular group shelterwood methods, which have the fewest cutting constraints, contribute most significantly to creating a mosaic of diversely structured stands and open midforest areas. Forest stands managed with such harvesting systems are the most preferred foraging sites for the largest number of ecomorphological groups of bats. The thinning of trees at younger age reduces density, thus opening up new foraging sites or providing access to such sites to bats, which fly fast, but are less manoeuvre (e.g. common noctules). The loss of roosting habitats for maternity colonies due to tree cutting or microclimate changes in forest stands is the greatest threat from the forest management. Silvicultural treatments affect the structure of forest stands and, in consequence, bat populations. Sustainable forest management may be useful for bat conservation. Forest stands with diverse structure as well a mosaic of variously−sized midforest areas provide the best foraging and mating conditions for the highest number of bat species.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 09; 738-747
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie budek szczelinowych dla nietoperzy jako nowego rozwiązania w celu aktywnej ochrony mopka zachodniego Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774) w lasach
    Use of the 'crevice' bat boxes as a new solution for active protection of the Western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774) in forests
    Autorzy:
    Rachwald, A.
    Gottfried, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985709.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    nietoperze
    Chiroptera
    mopek zachodni
    Barbastella barbastellus
    ochrona czynna
    budki dla zwierzat
    budki szczelinowe
    forest bats
    breeding colonies
    nature protection
    bat crevice boxes
    barbastelle
    Opis:
    The paper presents the project of a crevice box designed especially for Western barbastelle Barbastelle barbastellus bats. Barbastelle is endangered species of bat protected throughout the Europe and included in Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. In many forest areas of Natura 2000 Barbastelle is official subject to protection, which imposes certain obligations on the area’s administrator or landowner. Western Barbastelle in forests uses atypical roosts (comparing to most other bats), which are cracks of trunks and crevices under the bark of trees, especially deciduous trees. For this reason, it is most often found in old deciduous forests abounding in such potential shelters. As an endangered species, it often requires active protection, and bat−boxes used so far are not settled by Barbastelles because they do not correspond to their ecological preferences. For this reason, it was necessary to develop a project of boxes that would correspond to the pref− erences of this species and will be settled by these bats. Typical bat−boxes are the equivalent of tree hollows carved by woodpeckers, while crevice boxes to a greater extent than previous solutions imitate natural cracks in tree trunks. Similar boxes were successfully introduced in the United Kingdom by Greenaway and Hill [2004], and then tested on a larger scale in forests in Poland by Rachwald i in. [2018]. Boxes were successfully occupied by individual bats and by breeding colonies, which does not happen in bat boxes with a traditional construction. The paper contains a concise description of the obtained so−far results of colonization bat−boxes by Barbastelle and a sketch of the newly redesigned box with detailed dimensions (fig. 2). Based on the positive results of experiments with the colonization of this type of boxes, it is proposed to use these boxes as an at least temporary solution for the active protection of Barbastelles in forests wherever there is a shortage of natural shelters.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 05; 435-440
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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