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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Obserwacje migawkowe w pomiarach pracy przy pozyskiwaniu i zrywce drewna
    Snapshot observations in work measurement during timber harvesting and skidding
    Autorzy:
    Szewczyk, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991301.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    obserwacje migawkowe
    prace lesne
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    zrywka drewna
    czas pracy
    pomiary
    timber harvesting
    skidding
    work measurement
    chronometry
    frequency study
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of examination on snapshot observation accuracy in measuring work times at harvesting and skidding of timber. High consistency between time measurements obtained by means of photography of work day method and snapshot observations was proved. Among advantages of the snapshot method one can name possibility to assess the time of work and breaks, evaluate proportion of supplementary work times and low labour intensity of the research.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2014, 158, 11; 803-810
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czasochłonność zrywki konnej w drzewostanach trzebieżowych
    Time consumption of horse skidding operations in thinned stands
    Autorzy:
    Szewczyk, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009544.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany sosnowe
    drzewostany jodlowe
    drzewostany bukowe
    drzewostany swierkowe
    trzebieze
    zrywka drewna
    zrywka konna
    czasochlonnosc
    struktura czasu pracy
    horse skidding
    time consumption
    work time
    workday structure
    Opis:
    The paper presents time consumption assessment model (EST) of horse skidding operations in thinned stands taking into consideration factors related to stand, workday structure and characteristics of harvested timber. Significant differences in time consumption levels were observed between early and late thinning operations, as well as between examined pine, beech, spruce and fir stands. The strongest correlation between the EST and the analyzed variables was observed in the case of factors related to the volume of extracted timber.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 01; 52-63
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czasochłonność zrywki drewna wyciągarkami zagregowanymi z pilarkami spalinowymi w drzewostanach trzebieżowych
    Time consumption of skidding operations using winches aggregated with chainsaws in thinned stands
    Autorzy:
    Szewczyk, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973871.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    zrywka drewna
    wciagarka Multi-FKS
    prace lesne
    czasochlonnosc
    leśnictwo
    prace leśne
    czasochłonność
    Opis:
    The paper presents a time consumption assessment model (EST) of skidding operations using winches aggregated with chainsaws in thinned stands taking into consideration environmental factors, work−day structure elements and harvested timber volume. Differences in time consumption levels were found between early and late thinning operations. The strongest correlation between the EST and the analysed variables was observed for the share of the waiting time for a chainsaw operator to release logs and the category of thinning.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 06; 401-412
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kosztochłonność pozyskania drewna harwesterem w drzewostanach przebudowywanych z zastosowaniem cięć częściowych
    Cost effectiveness of timber harvest with a harvester in the stands rebuilt under the shelterwood system
    Autorzy:
    Szewczyk, G.
    Kulak, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991507.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany przebudowywane
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    koszty
    wydajnosc pracy
    dzien roboczy
    maszyny lesne
    harwestery
    harwester Silvatec 8266 TH Sleipner
    timber harvest
    felling
    cost
    productivity
    Opis:
    Paper presents the results of research on the productivity and economic effectiveness of timber harvesting in stands managed under complex cutting systems. Use of the operating time of a work−shift, including wood processing, loads preparation for skidding and changes at work sites, was low and amounted to 0.62. The main categories of the operating time were delimbing (45%) and travelling (31%). The unit costs of work of a harvester in the analysed stands were higher amounting to 69 PLN/m³ for eight−hour shifts and 110 working days a year, and 40 PLN/m 3 for sixteen−hour shifts compared to the work of the saw operator (32 PLN/m³ for the eight−hour shift).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 04; 243-252
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czasochłonność zrywki drewna skiderem z drzewostanu do szlaku operacyjnego
    Time consumption of log extraction from the stand to the skid trail using the skidder
    Autorzy:
    Szewczyk, G.
    Kulak, D.
    Stańczykiewicz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979045.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    timber harvesting
    skidding
    working time
    time consumption
    modelling
    Opis:
    Skidders are used at two stages of log extraction: when pulling logs to a skid trail and for further semi−suspended log skidding along the trail to a landing. The aim of the study is to characterise the working time structure of a skidder operator performing timber extraction from the stand to the trail, and to develop time−consumption models depending on terrain slope and skidding distance. The research was done in stands situated in central and southern Poland, where late thinning and cutting in areas between tree groups (group clear cut) were performed. The timber was transported to skid trails by means of LKT 82 cable skidders. The timber was pulled to the trail on slopes with inclinations ranging from –30° (up the slope) via 0° (on a flat surface) to 38° (down the slope) at a maximum distance of 70 m. Time study of work cycles was performed and the volume of timber harvested in each package was calculated. Analyses of working time and its time consumption were performed for the operational working time. The measurements covered a total of 269 log extraction cycles with a total duration of over 20 hours. Altogether 752 logs with a total volume of over 520 m3 were extracted. The large share of time was devoted to load attaching and detaching (40%). Quite a large share of log extraction (24%) was associated with the long skidding distances. The time of stretching the collecting rope in the case of skidding up the slope (an average of 60 s) was significantly shorter than in the flat terrain or skidding down the slope (70 s). The average duration of a skidding cycle was also affected by the direction of the slope. Rectilinear relationships were determined between the duration of a skidding cycle and the terrain slope, as well as the skidding distance. The combined effect of these features on the duration of skidding was described. The duration of a skidding cycle was influenced by distance (61% of the general variability) more than the slope (16%). The time consumption of the skidding amounted to ca 12 min/m3. Two homogeneous groups were determined: uphill skidding as well as skidding in flat terrain and downhill. The relationship between the time consumption and the number of logs extracted along with their volume took the form of an exponential regression. The time consumption standard of log extraction performed with the use of a skidder along a skid trail should be supplemented with the time of forming timber packages in the stand and pulling them to the trail, with an additional distinction between the direction of skidding and terrain slope.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 04; 311-320
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wydajność zrywki drewna skiderem na terenach pochyłych
    Efficiency of timber skidding on the slopes
    Autorzy:
    Kulak, D.
    Stańczykiewicz, A.
    Szewczyk, G.
    Wala, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980264.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    zrywka drewna
    skidery
    struktura czasu pracy
    wydajnosc pracy
    modelowanie
    timber harvesting
    skidding
    working time
    modelling
    Opis:
    The aim of the study is to characterise the working time structure of an operator of the LKT 82 skidder performing timber skidding on the sloping area, and to develop models of efficiency and time−consumption of the work depending on selected factors characteristic of the described transport process. The research was performed in the Sucha Forest District (S Poland). We considered two treatments: late thinning and felling performed in stands with the dominating share of beech. Logs obtained with chainsaws were initially extracted with horses and laid at the slope road. Later on the additional skidding with skidder tractor was done. Continuous timing of individual operations was performed with the use of a microcomputer equipped with time measurement software (accuracy of 1 second). We also determined skidding distance using a GPS device, the number of extracted logs in the load, and the volume of the logs. The total timing measurements lasted for a total of 70 h 24 min 27 s. During that time, the tractor made 72 cycles, transporting 998 logs with a total volume of 493.3 m3. In the mature stand, the average skidding distance amounted to approximately 1,160 m, a single load consisted of 3−4 logs with a volume of 7.7 m3. The operational efficiency of the skidding was 9.1 m3/h. In the thinning stand, the skidding distance was 1,230 m, the average load consisted of 22 logs with a volume of 5.8 m3. The operational efficiency amounted to 7.8 m3/h, on average. The working time structure was dominated by auxiliary (over 60%) and effective (nearly 30%) times. The obtained regression models of the duration of activities from the group of operational times were characterised by high correlation coefficient (about 0.75 for skidding time and driving without a load). Relatively strong relationships (r > 0.5) were also found between the times of collecting cable pulling and load attachment, and the volume of the extracted loads, and in the case of the times of collecting cable pulling also the type of treatment performed. The regression models for the times of log stacking, pulling the loads up with the winch and detaching them, despite the fact that they were statistically significant, characterised by relatively low correlation coefficients. The relationship between skidding efficiency and skidding distance was also determined (fig.). The duration of skidding cycles was described using the multiple regression with the volume of single loads and the skidding distance as the determinants. The regression models of skidding efficiency and time−consumption of skidding cycles may find practical application in estimating the efficiency of the tasks performed in stands and under conditions similar to those analysed in the present research.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 07; 601-609
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozmiar i charakter naruszeń wierzchniej warstwy gleby powstałych podczas pozyskiwania i zrywki drewna w trzebieżach wczesnych drzewostanów świerkowych
    The size and nature of damage to the topsoil caused by timber extraction and skidding during early thinning operations in spruce stands
    Autorzy:
    Sowa, J.
    Kulak, D.
    Stańczykiewicz, A.
    Szewczyk, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    zrywka drewna
    warstwa wierzchnia
    uszkodzenia gleby
    zrywka konna
    zrywka linowa
    wciagarka Multi-FKS
    leśnictwo
    lasy górskie
    drzwostany świerkowe
    trzebież wczesna
    oddziaływanie na glebę
    gleby leśne
    timber harvest
    damage
    early thinning
    horse skidding
    winch skidding
    Opis:
    The study concerns the impact of two harvesting technologies – one based on a traditional horse skidding and one using a small MultiFKS winch powered by chainsaw motor on the size and nature of damage to the surface soil layer. The study was conducted in a spruce stand where early thinning was carried out. The total share of soil disturbed during harvesting operations was not large accounting for 2.99% of the cutting area for horse skidding and 1.73% for skidding using a MultiFKS winch. The volume of damage to the topsoil was 8.38 m3/ha and 2.64 m3/ha, respectively. The likelihood of disturbances of the soil layer was 47% for horse skidding and 31% for skidding by means of a winch. Both technologies were character−ized by a similar, ca 5% likelihood of cutting of topsoil to a depth larger than 5 cm. For both technologies the likelihood of soil compaction was significantly lower than soil cutting.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 05; 330-339
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czynniki wpływające na zmiany zwięzłości gleb leśnych podczas pozyskiwania surowca drzewnego
    Factors affecting the changes in penetration resistance of forest soils during timber harvesting
    Autorzy:
    Kulak, D.
    Stańczykiewicz, A.
    Szewczyk, G.
    Lubera, A.
    Strojny, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989881.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany sosnowe
    trzebiez pozna
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    metody pozyskiwania drewna
    oddzialywanie na glebe
    gleby lesne
    ugniatanie gleby
    zwiezlosc gleb
    timber harvesting
    mechanized
    motor−manual
    soil penetration resistance
    Opis:
    The objective of the studies was to determine the penetration resistance (cohesion) of soil compacted at timber harvesting in Scots pine stands subjected to late thinning. The scope of the investigations was limited to two technologies – the mechanized one, using a harvester−forwarder machine set, as well as the motor−manual one, employing petrol chainsaws and a farm tractor for forwarding and dragging of felled trees. The analyses were performed in central Poland, in the Staszów Forest District, for two habitats – fresh mixed coniferous forest and fresh mixed deciduous forest. The measurements of soil cohesion were taken with the use of Eijkelkamp 06.15.SA Penetrologger penetrometer along the five measurement lines situated perpendicularly to the main skidding track. The soil penetration resistance was measured in eight spots for every measurement line: in the middle of the left and right wheel−rut, between the wheel−ruts, on the left and right roadside within a distance of 0.5 and 1 m from the wheel−rut edge, and 10 m from the right wheel−rut; the latter location was treated as the reference. The mechanized timber harvesting caused stronger compaction of soil, particularly in wheel−ruts, where the recorded values of soil cohesion exceeded 3 MPa (fig. 1). For the technology with farm tractor for skidding, the greatest soil compaction was also encountered in wheel−ruts, reaching up to 2.5 MPa. With regard to both logging technologies, the analysis of variability in penetration resistance of the top 10−cm soil horizon revealed a statistically significant increase in soil compaction in wheel−ruts when compared with other measuring points along and nearby the skid track (fig. 2). The employed technology of timber harvesting and the degree of soil cohesion in wheel−ruts were proved to be correlated. In respect of the mechanized variant, the mean value of soil penetration resistance in the top 10−cm layer counted up to 2 MPa and was significantly greater than the one in motor−manual technology, where it did not exceed 1.3 MPa. No significant differences in soil compaction in reference to the investigated forest habitats were revealed, though it was stronger in fresh mixed coniferous forest, with regard to both technological variants. The motor−manual technology caused the increase in soil penetration resistance by 2% on the roadside, nearly 20% in the middle of the skid track and over 70% in wheel−ruts. While the mechanized logging operations resulted in 30% increase in soil cohesion on the roadside, 55% between the wheel−ruts and over 250% inside the wheel−ruts (fig. 3).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 04; 318-325
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Liczebność i rozmieszczenie głuszca w Polsce w XXI wieku
    Population size and distribution of the capercaillie in Poland in the 21st century
    Autorzy:
    Zawadzka, D.
    Żurek, Z.
    Armatys, P.
    Stachyra, P.
    Szewczyk, P.
    Korga, M.
    Merta, D.
    Kobielski, J.
    Kmieć, M.
    Pregler, B.
    Krzan, P.
    Rzońca, Z.
    Zawadzki, G.
    Zawadzki, J.
    Sołtys, B.
    Bielański, J.
    Czaja, J.
    Flis-Martyniuk, E.
    Wediuk, A.
    Rutkowski, R.
    Krzywiński, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980118.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lowiectwo
    ptaki lowne
    gatunki chronione
    gluszec
    Tetrao urogallus
    wystepowanie
    liczebnosc populacji
    rozmieszczenie przestrzenne
    Polska
    wiek XXI
    tetrao urogallus
    species distribution
    species abundance
    refuges
    poland
    Opis:
    The data on the distribution and number of the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in Poland for the period from the end of the 20th century up to 2017−2018 is presented. The capercaillie is a sedentary forest grouse living in old mountain forests and within the boreal zone. Since more than a century, the decrease in the numbers of the species has been observed, interlinked with the extinction of isolated populations. Within the present borders of Poland, a 1925 questionnaire study noted 2200−2700 individuals. In the 1960s, the national population was estimated at 1700−2000 birds, living in five isolated populations. In 1985−1995, the population numbers of the capercaillie dropped to approx. 466−700 individuals in four regions, and in 2000 it was estimated at 470−570 birds. According to the results of the censuses performed in 2017−2018, the size of the capercaillie population risen to 523−631 individuals and 59−69 lekking grounds. Currently the capercaillie occurs in four isolated regions. These are the Western Carpathians (the Beskid Sądecki, Tatry, Gorce, Babia Góra, Beskid Żywiecki, and the Beskid Śląski ranges) where 284−326 individuals live and 35−41 leks are active. In the Solska and the Lasy Janowskie Forests (Lublin region), the population was estimated at 132−184 individuals and 12−13 lekking grounds. In the Augu− stów Forest (Podlasie region) 36−46 individuals and 5−7 leks were found. In the Bory Dolnośląskie Forest, where native capercaillies got extinct during the last decade, the reintroduction program resulted in the rebuilding of their 65−75 population (with 6−7 leks). The restitution of the species in the Piska Forest has begun. During the last 20 years, populations in the Carpathian national parks have been stable, although fluctuating in numbers. The increase in the number of individuals in the Augustów Forest as well as in the Sądecki and Beskid Śląski Mountains is an after−effect of the release of birds from breeding centers or translocations. In other strongholds, fluctuations or decreases have been recorded, including wisible in the Beskid Żywiecki Mountains.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 09; 773-783
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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