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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Zasięg i dynamika rozprzestrzeniania się zgnilizny wewnątrz pni jodeł w wyniku ich spałowania przez jeleniowate
    Autorzy:
    Pach, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022649.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    jodla pospolita
    uszkodzenia drzew
    zgnilizna drewna
    Abies alba
    lesnictwo
    rozprzestrzenianie sie chorob
    spalowanie
    drzewa lesne
    abies alba
    bark stripping
    damage
    decay spread
    spreading rate
    vitality
    Opis:
    The paper presents research results on the extent and rate of horizontal and vertical infection spread process inside fir stems as a result of bark stripping by game and factors determining infection development. The material collected in the stands of the Forest Experimental Station in Krynica (Beskid Sądecki) allows to state that the infection affected exclusively those tree rings which had been formed before wounding. The radial spread of the infection was on average 17% of the cross−sectional area of the stem at a height of the wound centre, and the axial spread was maximally up to 3 m above the ground level. The average rate of horizontal spread of decay inward the stem was 2% of the cross−sectional area per year and that of the movement of decay fungi up and down the tree – 4.7 cm per year. The most important factors affecting infection development inside the stem were: the per cent of wound closure, age and wound size, as well as tree dimensions at the time of bark stripping. The higher degree of decay significantly lowered the index value of the growth predisposition and vitality of damaged young firs.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2005, 149, 05; 23-35
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tempo zarastania spał na jodle oraz niektóre czynniki na nie wpływające
    The rate of bark-stripping wound closure in fir and some factors affecting it
    Autorzy:
    Pach, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    korony drzew
    lesnictwo
    spalowanie
    tempo zarastania
    szkody lowieckie
    spaly
    jodla pospolita
    uszkodzenia drzew
    Abies alba
    cechy morfologiczne
    zywotnosc
    zarastanie
    drzewa lesne
    abies alba
    bark−stripping damage
    wound closure
    wound characteristics
    live crown ratio
    tree vigour
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of the research conducted in the stands with fir stripped by red deer in the territory of the Forest Experimental Station in Krynica (Beskid Sądecki). The average rate of wound closure expressed in the width of wound closure and the time needed for a wound to heal was determined on the basis of detailed analyses of bark−stripping wounds in the cut trees. Factors influencing wound closure were identified as well. In addition, a multiple regression model explaining about 51% of the variation of the wound healing time was presented.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 04; 46-57
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modele struktury grubości w dwu- i wielopiętrowych drzewostanach z udziałem jodły Abies alba Mill. i buka Fagus sylvatica L.
    Models of diameter structure in two- and multi-storied stands with fir Abies alba Mill. and beech Fagus sylvatica L.
    Autorzy:
    Pach, M.
    Podlaski, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989729.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany mieszane
    struktura grubosci
    drzewostany dwupietrowe
    drzewostany wielopietrowe
    jodla pospolita
    Abies Alba
    buk zwyczajny
    Fagus sylvatica
    rozklad piersnic
    rozklad Weibulla
    rozklad mieszany
    tree diameter modelling
    forest complex structure
    weibull mixture model
    Opis:
    The objectives of the study were (1) to determine the models of diameter at breast height (dbh) distributions in two− and multi−storied mixed stands with fir Abies alba Mill. and beech Fagus sylvatica L. as well as (2) to assess the usefulness of single Weibull distribution and two−component mixture of Weibull distribution to approximation of empirical dbh distributions for distinguished models of dbh structures. In the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, 21 sample plots ranging in size from 0.2 to 0.4 ha were established. To identify the models of dbh distributions, in two− and multi−storied stands with similar empirical dbh distributions, the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) with the Jaccard's measure and the Ward's minimum variance agglomeration method were used. To approximate dbh distributions, the single Weibull distribution and the two−component mixture of Weibull distribution were employed. In two− and multi−storied mixed stands with fir and beech, with the mean age between 50 and 70 at the dbh, four models of dbh distributions were determined (fig. 1). Two of them were decreasing, strongly asymmetric (OS and OJ models; fig. 2) and the other two were increasing in the initial phase and decreasing in the final, having two maximums (DM1 and DM2 models; fig. 3). In the stands with the complex structure mixed distribution should be used to approximate empirical data. The analysis revealed high suitability and versatility of Weibull distribution both as single form and two−component mixture.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 08; 632-638
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modele struktury grubości w jednopiętrowych drzewostanach z udziałem jodły Abies alba Mill. i buka Fagus sylvatica L.
    Models of diameter structure in single-storied stands with fir Abies alba Mill.and beech Fagus sylvatica L.
    Autorzy:
    Podlaski, R.
    Pach, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989766.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany mieszane
    drzewostany jednopietrowe
    struktura grubosci
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    buk zwyczajny
    Fagus sylvatica
    piersnice drzew
    rozklad piersnic
    rozklad Weibulla
    forest patches
    structural heterogeneity
    tree diameter distribution
    weibull distribution
    Opis:
    The objectives of the study were (1) to determine the models of diameter at breast height (dbh) distributions in single−storied mixed stands with fir Abies alba Mill. and beech Fagus sylvatica L. as well as (2) to assess the usefulness of Weibull distribution to approximation of empirical dbh distributions for distinguished models. In the Carpathians (southern Poland) and in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (central Poland) 36 sample plots ranging in size from 0.1 to 0.4 ha were established. To identify the dbh distribution models in single−storied stands with similar empirical dbh distributions, the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) with the Jaccard's measure and the Ward's minimum variance agglomeration method was used. To approximate dbh distributions, the Weibull distribution was employed. Single−storied mixed stands with fir and beech, with the mean age between 50 and 70 years at the dbh, were characterised by a large diversity of dbh distributions. Three groups of stands (I, II, III) differing, among others, in average dbh were determined (fig. 1). In these groups the average dbh ranged from 23.5 to 32.6 cm, from 18.9 to 25.1 cm, and from 13.7 cm to 19.6 cm, respectively. Within these groups, seven models of unimodal distributions were selected (figs. 2−4; tab.). The models are characterised by varying degrees of asymmetry with the highest number of trees from less than 30/ha to more than 300/ha which occurred mainly in the dbh classes between 9 and 33 cm (models AS1, SM1, AS2, AS3, AS4, AS5, SM2). The results of χ² test indicate the high flexibility and suitability of Weibull distribution for modelling of such types of dbh structures.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 07; 586-592
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany udziału buka, jodły i świerka w dolnoreglowych drzewostanach naturalnych w rezerwacie "Dolina Łopusznej" (Gorczański Park Narodowy)
    Changes in the proportion of beech, fir and spruce in the natural stands of the lower-montane zone in the 'Łopuszna Valley' Reserve (Gorczanski National Park)
    Autorzy:
    Jaworski, A.
    Pach, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991817.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Gorczanski Park Narodowy
    regiel dolny
    rezerwaty przyrody
    rezerwat Dolina Lopusznej
    drzewostany naturalne
    sklad gatunkowy
    zmiany skladu gatunkowego
    buk zwyczajny
    Fagus sylvatica
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    liczba drzew
    zasobnosc drzewostanu
    klasy grubosci
    number of trees
    stand volume
    species composition
    mortality
    regeneration
    Opis:
    In the natural stands of the lower−montane zone in the 'Łopuszna Valley' Reserve (Gorczański National Park) consisting of beech, fir and spruce, a specific phenomenon was observed, which in other natural forests of the Western Carpathians occurred only occasionally. In the years 1981−2011, along with the increase in the proportion of beech in stands and in regeneration, which is now common issue in the forests of Central Europe, an increase or stability in the proportion of fir in stands and an increase in the proportion of fir in the undergrowth was reported. At the same time, the number of spruces in stands clearly decreased, while in the regeneration they occurred sporadically. Reduction in the proportion of spruce leads to a change in the species composition of multi−species stands i.e. from stands with co−dominant beech, fir and spruce to stands with dominant beech or co−dominant beech and fir. In managed forests, it is necessary to maintain the prevalence of all tree species for their productivity, which requires the application of the best silvicultural practices (regeneration and tending).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 03; 213-222
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rola poszczególnych gatunków drzew w kształtowaniu złożonej budowy pionowej w starodrzewach liściastych Puszczy Niepołomickiej
    Role of tree species in the formation of a complex vertical structure of deciduous old-growth forests in the Niepolomice Forest
    Autorzy:
    Bartkowicz, L.
    Kołodziej, Z.
    Pach, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989716.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    starodrzew
    struktura drzewostanu
    struktura wysokosci
    drzewa lesne
    gatunki lasotworcze
    Puszcza Niepolomicka
    oak−hornbeam forest
    riparian forests
    structural diversity indices
    ecological mechanisms
    Opis:
    The objective of the study was to compare the seven tree species in terms of their role in the formation of a complex vertical structure in mixed broadleaved stands. The data came from 18 multi−storey old−growth forests representing different communities of lowland deciduous forests in the Niepołomice Forest. In each stand, squared sample plot (80×80 m) was established. The height of trees of dbh≥7 cm was measured. Then, for each studied species, values of the two structural indices were determined. The structural diversity index (ZS) quantifies tree height variation within individual population, whereas the index of structure−forming role (RS) expresses the contribution of the given population into vertical structural diversity of the whole stand. The greatest tendency to form a population with a large height diversity belonged to Tilia cordata, Fraxinus excelsior and Ulmus laevis. Significant opportunities in this regard, however, were exhibited by other tree species, including shade−intolerant Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa. This phenomenon in the conditions of eutrophic habitats, with the constantly present competitive pressure from shade−tolerant species, should be considered as an exceptional. A major contribution to vertical structural diversity of the stand was often an attribute of the populations with a low internal height diversity, which concerned especially Quercus robur. This means that an important ecological mechanism responsible for the formation of a multi−layer canopy is complementary filling the space above ground by trees of the species with different light requirements. However, the lack of correlation between RS and ZS indices suggests that the ability of particular species to form the population with a high internal diversity is equally important. The results prove the possibility of forming stands with a very complex vertical structure in the conditions of lowland mixed deciduous forests. However, in terms of sustainable maintenance of such stand structure, the issue of the growth rate of trees at different competitive pressure and the nature of their response to the release at different stages of ontogeny remains open.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 08; 650-657
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charakterystyka cech biomorfologicznych swierka w gornoreglowym borze Pilska w zaleznosci od budowy i struktury drzewostanu
    Autorzy:
    Pach, M
    Bartkowicz, L.
    Skoczen, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/811590.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Pilsko
    Picea
    smuklosc korony
    lesnictwo
    struktura drzewostanu
    budowa drzewostanu
    wysokosc osadzenia korony
    wzgledna dlugosc korony
    wzrost roslin
    swierk
    cechy morfologiczne
    zywotnosc
    regiel gorny
    drzewa lesne
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2001, 145, 01; 23-37
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sklad gatunkowy, budowa i struktura drzewostanow w rezerwacie Srubita
    Autorzy:
    Jaworski, A.
    Kolodziej, K.
    Pach, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/821081.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    sklad gatunkowy
    drzewostany
    rezerwaty przyrody
    Beskid Zywiecki
    lesnictwo
    struktura drzewostanu
    rezerwat Srubita
    budowa drzewostanu
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2001, 145, 06; 21-47
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ konkurencji na przyrost grubości drzew w wyżynnych lasach mieszanych o złożonej budowie
    Effect of competition on the diameter growth of trees in mixed upland forests with complex structure
    Autorzy:
    Śmigielski, A.
    Socha, J.
    Maciejewski, Z.
    Pach, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989022.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Roztoczanski Park Narodowy
    drzewostany naturalne
    drzewostany mieszane
    drzewa lesne
    grab
    buk
    jodla
    przyrost drzew
    przyrost grubosci
    wskazniki konkurencyjnosci
    competition indices
    natural stands
    roztocze national park
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to assess the effect of competition on diameter growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in forests with complex structure. For each tree we calculated set of 20 competition indexes in 4 variants for determining the scale of the competitors influence. The use of such a set of indices, allowed to describe accurately the competition between trees in the specific conditions for the particular tree species. Given species belong to the group of shade−tolerant trees. The species composition of the tree stands and their structure are the results of long−lasting natural processes, which is different than in the majority of Polish forests. The empirical material collected in the years 1993 and 2003 in four sample plots of 0.5 ha each located in natural stands of the Roztocze National Park in south−eastern Poland. The relationships between the competition and the growth were analysed using generalized additive models. This method allows to extend of the standard linear model, by taking into account non−linear function of each variable. One of the option of quantifying competition processes is the use of competition indices. The competition situation of an individual tree was described using distance−independ and distance−depend indices. Each of analysed species reacts differently on competition. Among the three analyzed species, the best competition index CI15 explained 48.3% of the variation diameter growth of European beech (tab. 2). The competition index CI3 explained only 26.1% of the variation diameter growth of European hornbeam (tab. 2). It turned out to be the worst result for the described species. The competition index CI14 explained 31.1% of the variation diameter growth of silver fir (tab. 2). Additional use of DBH in the models, increased values of the coefficient of determination, and extended the possibilities to use the developed models.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 05; 365-378
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tekstura karpackiego dolnoreglowego drzewostanu mieszanego o charakterze pierwotnym
    Texture of a primeval lower montane mixed forest in the Carpathians
    Autorzy:
    Kołodziej, Z.
    Paluch, J.
    Bartkowicz, L.
    Pach, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989790.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Babiogorski Park Narodowy
    regiel dolny
    drzewostany mieszane
    drzewostany swierkowo-bukowo-jodlowe
    las pierwotny
    tekstura drzewostanu
    sklad gatunkowy
    drzewa lesne
    liczba drzew
    piersnicowe pole przekroju
    primeval forest
    mixed stands
    spatial pattern
    structural heterogeneity
    diversity index
    forest dynamics theory
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to characterize the texture of a primeval forest composed of Fagus sylvatica (L.), Abies alba (Mill.) and Picea abies ((L.) H. Karst). Empirical data were collected in the Babia Góra National Park (southern Poland) in the stand being under strict protection since 1934. 259 circular plots with a radius of 7.0 m and an area of 154 m² each were established in nodes of 20×20 m grid. For individual plots and blocks of the combined plots representing gradient of spatial scales between 0.015 and 0.640 ha, the number of trees, diameter at breast height (dbh) distributions, basal areas and the values of structural diversity indices of Gini (GI), Shannon (SH) and Staudhammer−LeMay (STVI) were determined. The indices were also calculated for several types of theoretical distributions. Based on the values obtained for the theoretical distributions, the individual plots and the blocks of the combined plots were classified as representing simple (GI≤0.30;STVI≤0.10), moderately diversified (0.300.45; STVI>0.30) dbh structure. For all the spatial scales analyzed the average values of GI and STVI indices reached the level typical for populations of a high structural diversity (i.e. exceeded the values of 0.45 and 0.30 respectively). According to the GI and STVI values, the portion of stand patches with complex dbh structure ranged from 70.9% and 68.2% at the individual plots scale, respectively, up to 100% in the blocks of 16 plots (4×4). In general, in all the spatial scales analyzed the spatial diversification of the dbh distributions and basal area levels was higher than in managed selection forests and much higher than in managed single−storied stands. The dominant frequency of highly diversified dbh distributions found in the analysed stand was not concordant with the predictions of the forest dynamics theory based on developmental stages, according to which in primeval forests with a significant partition of Abies alba and Picea abies should prevail stand patches of rather simple dbh structure, characteristic for the long−lasting optimum stage.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 07; 600-609
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelowanie przyrostu pierśnicowego pola przekroju jodeł w drzewostanach rębnych
    Modelling the basal area increment in mature silver fir stands
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyszewski, J.
    Pach, M.
    Krzysztof, R.
    Szafroń, M.
    Stenka, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989097.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany jodlowe
    drzewostany rebne
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    przyrost drzew
    przyrost piersnicowego pola przekroju
    modelowanie
    abies alba
    diameter increment
    tending
    silviculture
    mixed model
    Opis:
    Because of the very long regeneration period, final cuts in silver fir stands are always accompanied by the growing stock maintenance, which aims to maximize the revenue by increasing the share of harvest, trees with the highest timber value. We remove trees that have reached the maximum value and leave those whose value is still increasing. The remaining trees are the more valuable, the faster their value grows. The increase of a tree diameter is one of the factors that determines the value increment. The mature silver fir stand consists of trees that in youth grew in favourable light conditions and those that survived the long period of shade, achieving small dimensions. In such stands, the adjacent trees may vary greatly in diameter not related to their age. The aim of the study was to create a model describing the relationship between the increment of silver fir basal area (BAI) and the stand morphological features, age, and the dynamics of growth in early age. The research was carried out in the Brzesko Forest District and Forest Research Station in Krynica (S Poland). The sample size equalled 45 and 57 trees respectively. We used the composite form of linear mixed model. The significant positive effect on BAI (model 1) was found for the initial breast height diameter (dbh), the relative crown length as well as the age when trees reaches the 30 cm dbh. The negative impact was observed for Lorimer C18w index. The negative relationship with the relative BAI (model 2) was found for the initial dbh, slenderness, C18w index as well as the age when trees reaches the 30 cm dbh. Conditional and marginal determination coefficients reached 48 and 42% for model 1, and 62 and 38% for model 2 respectively. The results indicate the great possibility and purpose of growing stock maintenance in the pruned silver fir stands. Selecting the trees for the removal should be based on the target dbh. Had it been reached, the firs can still be characterized by a very good current BAI values. One should leave thinner firs with a relative crown length higher than average. Treatments releasing the crowns of the remaining firs, also at the cutting stage, are justified. Smaller growth at a young age (caused e.g. by shading), does not limit the possibility of obtaining trees with significant dimensions.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 06; 467-475
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charakterystyka lasów przerębowych w wybranych nadleśnictwach Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Krakowie
    Characteristics of selection stands in selected forest districts of the Cracow Regional Directorate of State Forests
    Autorzy:
    Jaworski, A.
    Paluch, J.
    Pach, M.
    Kołodziej, Z.
    Majerczyk, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016254.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    sklad gatunkowy
    rozklad piersnic
    Nadlesnictwo Gromnik
    Nadlesnictwo Limanowa
    lasy gorskie
    Karpaty Wschodnie
    struktura wysokosci
    lesnictwo
    zasobnosc drzewostanu
    drzewostany jodlowe
    Nadlesnictwo Stary Sacz
    ciecia przerebowe
    Nadlesnictwo Gorlice
    RDLP Krakow
    Nadlesnictwo Nawojowa
    odnowienia naturalne
    drzewostany przerebowe
    LZD Krynica
    Nadlesnictwo Losie
    selection system
    west carpathians
    natural regeneration
    annual cut
    cutting intensity
    target dbh
    liocourt−meyer distribution
    Opis:
    Research was carried out in 13 fir stands representing a spectrum of typical Carpathian selection forests. In most of them, no selection cutting was applied except for Krynica I and II stands. The stand volume oscillated between 384 m3/ha and nearly 628 m3/ha. The maximum dbh age of the stands ranged from 100−120 to over 200 years. Dbh distributions attained the form of a J−shaped curve with the highest number of trees in the smallest diameter class, however, none of these curves showed conformance with Liocourt−Meyer's theoretical distribution. From the analysis of the undergrowth, it can be concluded that three stands showed unsatisfactory amount of undergrowth. In general, the intensity of cuts in the majority of sites was high. This is related to the specifics of these stands which, in most cases, have not yet been managed under the selection system.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 06; 34-52
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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