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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Rośliny drzewiaste jako gatunki inwazyjne
    Woody plants as invasive species
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026370.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    rosliny drzewiaste
    botanika lesna
    lesnictwo
    gatunki inwazyjne
    invasive
    woody plants
    Opis:
    Alien woody species, introduced by humans, can spread into different areas. Such species are named „invasive”. It has been estimated that only a few percent of introduced woody species become invasive. The reasons why most introduced species do not become invasive are not known. For any particular region it is essential to understand the long−term disturbance regime as well as the autecology (inclusive of reproductive biology and regeneration requirements) of introduced species before any predictions can be made. Otherwise close monitoring of vegetation is necessary for the early detection of new invasions.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 03; 65-70
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sąsiedztwo i następstwo gatunków drzew w Białowieskim Parku Narodowym
    Neighbourhood and succession of tree species in the Bialowieza National Park
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Miścicki, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986644.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    parki narodowe
    Bialowieski Park Narodowy
    lasy
    drzewa lesne
    gatunki roslin
    wspolwystepowanie
    sasiedztwo roslin
    nastepstwo roslin
    warstwa macierzysta
    warstwa odnowienia
    suma miazszosci drzew
    suma wysokosci drzew
    analiza kanoniczna
    regresja wieloraka
    avoidance
    canonical analysis
    co−occurrence
    life strategy
    overstorey
    regeneration layer
    Opis:
    The diversity and sustainability of species composition are important topic of forest research. The possibility to observe the coexistence of tree species in a given forest patch and their succession in the next generation is limited because there are few forests unaffected by management activities. For this reason, the study was conducted in the oldest part of the Białowieża National Park, called Strict Reserve. The purpose of the research was to determine the relationship between the quantity of individual tree species in the overstorey (the standing volume of trees with the diameter at breast height d8 cm) and regeneration layer (the total height of trees with the diameter at breast height d8 cm or height h1.3 m) as well as the relationships between those stand layers. Multiple regression and canonical analysis were used to determine the relationships between 12 tree species (tab. 1). The research material was the results of measurements of 920 concentric sample plots conducted in 1995 and 2005. In the overstorey, the correlation coefficient between the standing volume of a given tree species on sample plots and the standing volume of other tree species assumed for each species both significant positive values (species ‘co−occurrence'), significant negative values (species ‘avoidance’) and close to zero values (fig. 1). The same was true for the regeneration layer (fig. 2). In eight cases the correlation between the total height of trees of a given species in the regeneration layer and the standing volume of trees from the overstorey showed the highest positive values when referred to the ‘regeneration−overstorey' relationship of the same species (fig. 3). The same referred to the ‘overstorey−regeneration' relationship (fig. 4). Eight of the canonical variables turned out to be significant (tab. 2). For the first canonical variable, standing volume of hornbeam in the overstorey (Gb_m) showed the highest absolute value of the loading factor in the first dataset, while the variable the total height of hornbeam trees in the regeneration layer (Gb_o) – in the other dataset (fig. 5). The total redundancy was 20.7%, which means that such part of the variance of the total height of individual tree species in the regeneration layer could be explained by their standing volume in the overstorey. The sequence of tree generations understood as the relationship between species composition of the regeneration and overstorey layers was associated with life strategies of tree species.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 03; 209-219
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prognoza zmian składu gatunkowego drzewostanów Białowieskiego Parku Narodowego
    Forecast of changes in the tree species composition of forest stands in the Bialowieza National Park
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Miścicki, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989230.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Bialowieski Park Narodowy
    drzewostany
    sklad gatunkowy
    dorost
    ubytki
    miazszosc drzew
    przyrost miazszosci
    zmiany skladu gatunkowego
    prognozy
    increment
    ingrowth
    hornbeam
    mortality
    size−class model
    strict protection
    volume
    Opis:
    The studies initiated by Włoczewski in 1936 revealed changes in the species composition of forest stands in the Białowieża National Park. This led to the question about what these changes would be in the future. The aim of our study was to predict changes in the volume of tree species in the so called Strict Reserve in the Białowieża National Park over the period of 40 years. A size−class growth model was developed for this purpose. The average merchantable timber volume for each of the eleven taxa was calculated for the successive 10−year intervals, and the increase in standing volume as well as the volume of tree loss (mortality) and ingrowth were calculated for these intervals. The empirical material was taken from the permanent and temporary sample plots. The permanent plots (160) were measured in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2011. The empirical data were used to determine, separately for each species, the relationship between trees dbh and mortality (fig. 1), diameter growth (fig. 2) or the rate of saplings (height of 0.3−1.3 m) growth into the first dbh class (0.1−1.9 cm). The temporary sample plots (460) were measured in 1995 and 2005, and the data were used to validate the size−class growth model and predict timber volume in the period 1995−2005 (tab.). The results of the validation may indicate significant changes in standing volume for the majority of tree species in the period 2005−2045 (fig. 3). In 2045, hornbeam will dominate. The volume increment in the period 2005−2045 will remain at almost the same level, the volume of tree loss will decrease and the volume of ingrowth will slightly increase, beginning from 2015 (fig. 4). Only five taxa will have a significant share in the ingrowth throughout the period 2005−2045, of which approx. 85% will be hornbeam in the period 2035−2045 (fig. 5). The observed changes in the species composition of forest stands in the Białowieża National Park may be the result of global, regional as well as local factors such as the pressure of herbivorous ungulates on young trees. Anticipating changes in the structure of forest stands may be useful in planning the protection of forest areas by reducing the impact of local factors on forest stands (regeneration) in an indirect way.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 04; 309-319
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ drzewostanu na strukturę wielkości jeżyny gruczołowatej (Rubus hirtus Waldst. & Kit. agg.) na obszarze dawnego rezerwatu "Dolina Łopusznej" w Gorczańskim Parku Narodowym
    Effect of forest stands on the size structure of the blackberry (Rubus hirtus Waldst. & Kitt. agg.) in the former "Dolina Lopusznej" Reserve in the Gorce National Park
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Szywacz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008898.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    runo lesne
    krzewy
    jezyna gruczolowata
    Rubus hirtus
    pedy
    struktura wielkosci
    czynniki siedliska
    struktura drzewostanu
    Gorczanski Park Narodowy
    rubus hirtus
    size structure
    gorce national park
    poland
    Opis:
    The studies were conducted in the Gorce National Park (49°32'N, 20°07'E). The fieldwork was carried out on 34 permanent research plots. It was demonstrated in the studies that stands had significant positive and negative effects on the Rubus hirtus population. With the increase in the total and mean basal areas, the number and length of shoots, percentage of area coverage and annual length increment of Rubus hirtus individuals also increased. There was also a significant dependence of the number of shoots and individuals of Rubus hirtus on the basal area of beech. No significant relationship was found between Rubus hirtus plants and basal areas of spruce and fir trees. Stand age was another important factor. A positive correlation was found between the stand age and length of shoots and the percentage of area covered by blackberries. The number of trees on sample plots is also associated with age. A negative correlation was found between the parameters of Rubus hirtus plants (the number and length of shoots per 5 m2 and the degree of coverage) and the number of trees on sample plots. As there was previously no significant break in the canopy of the natural forest growing in the 'Dolina Łopusznej' reserve, no significant dominance of Rubus hirtus in the forest floor was noted. Blackberries usually established short main shoots (up to 25 cm) which were not potentially capable of producing roots, and thereby progeny ramets. As a result, the area occupied by blackberries usually did not exceed 15−30%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 07; 500-506
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Obce gatunki drzewiaste w południowym kompleksie Puszczy Niepołomickiej
    Alien woody species in the southern complex of the Niepolomice Forest
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Fijała, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009449.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Puszcza Niepolomicka
    drzewa lesne
    gatunki obce
    czeremcha amerykanska
    Prunus serotina
    dab czerwony
    Quercus rubra
    gatunki lasotworcze
    jarzab pospolity
    Sorbus aucuparia
    dab szypulkowy
    Quercus robur
    brzoza brodawkowata
    Betula pendula
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    czeremcha zwyczajna
    Prunus padus
    topola osika
    Populus tremula
    odnowienia naturalne
    alien species
    invasive species
    niepołomice forest
    poland
    Opis:
    Managed forests are likely to be exposed to uncontrolled, spontaneous spread of alien/invasive species as a result of a frequently conscious introduction of alien species to forests in order to achieve economic gains. Unfortunately, we still lack data on the intensity of such invasions to forests on a larger scale. The aim of the paper is to provide a detailed qualitative and quantitative description of the existing regeneration of tree species, particularly the alien ones, and to determine the impact of selected factors on the regeneration of introduced species. The research was carried out in a mixed coniferous forest habitat in the "Uroczysko Główne". Particular focus was on the regeneration of alien species. Eight tree species were found to be regenerating naturally on the examined plots of which two were alien species. The scale of occurrence of alien species in comparison with native ones, particularly the black cherry, may now become a problem. Alien species accounted for nearly 25% of all tree species regeneration in the examined area and were noted in over half of the plots. It can therefore be said that the conditions occurring in the southern complex of the Niepołomice Forest have a great impact on tree regeneration and may favour spontaneous spread of alien species. The research helped to quantified and qualified the intensity of forest colonisation by the two most frequently occurring alien species.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 05; 333-340
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Obce gatunki drzewiaste w północnym kompleksie Puszczy Niepołomickiej
    Alien tree species in the northern part of the Niepolomice Forest
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Szlaga, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012898.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Prunus serotina
    Quercus rubra
    gatunki obce
    dab czerwony
    czeremcha amerykanska
    odnowienia lasu
    Robinia pseudoacacia
    Puszcza Niepolomicka
    lesnictwo
    robinia akacjowa
    odnowienia naturalne
    drzewa lesne
    Opis:
    In spite of the fact that the selection of introduced species in Poland is limited and their proportion in forest stands is in fact insignificant, the threat of launching the invasive processes on a large scale is highly probable. The Niepołomice Forest was selected as a study area because the species occurring in the stands are of alien origin and can be a source of diaspores for a spontaneous, natural regeneration of these species. The studies were conducted in the moist broadleaved forest habitat featuring high trophic and moisture conditions, thus being more susceptible to non−indigenous species invasion. At the study plots three of fourteen woody species occurring across the Forest i.e. red oak, and black cherry were described. So far, the occurrence of alien species in the study area has been on an insignificant scale when compared with the regeneration of native species. Currently, they occupy nearly 11% of the plots, representing about 3% of the total share in the regeneration of the main forest tree species.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 04; 58-67
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prognoza rozwoju drzewostanów lasu naturalnego z wykorzystaniem modelu według klas wymiarów
    Forecast of the development of natural forest resources using a size-class growth model
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Miscicki, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972934.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany
    buk zwyczajny
    Fagus sylvatica
    Abies alba
    modele wzrostu
    las naturalny
    prognozowanie rozwoju
    Roztocze
    leśnictwo
    Bukowa Góra
    jodła pospolita
    model wzrostu według klas wymiarów
    silver fir
    increment
    mortality
    Roztoczański National Park
    European beech
    Opis:
    The size−class growth model is an empirical model applicable for the prediction of the dynamics of natural forest growth. It is based on the following assumptions: (1) changes in the forest condition are determined on the basis of the sum of the changes that take place in individual size classes, (2) the trees in a given class are represented by single average tree, (3) the calculation of the future tree density distribution in size classes (fig. 1) is the main element of the prediction, and (4) the future tree density distribution is estimated on the basis of the initial structure, actual growth and mortality of trees in individual size classes. The aim of the research was to develop a size−class growth model to be used for the preparation of a medium−term forecast of natural forest dynamics. The study site is located on the Bukowa Góra Mt in the Roztoczański National Park (SE Poland). For the analyses we took all uneven−aged stands (128 ha in total) composed mostly of silver fir and European beech. The material was collected on 65 permanent sample plots every five years in the period 1991−2011. Trees with the breast height diameter (DBH)8 cm were measured on each sample plot (500 m2), while smaller trees – on three smaller concentric plots. We calculated, separately for fir and beech, the relationship between the mortality of trees and their diameter (fig. 2), the relationship between the diameter increment of trees and their DBH (figs. 3−4), the rate of saplings (h=0.3−1.3 m) growth into the first DBH class (DBH=0.1−1.9 cm). On the basis of these data, we elaborated a size−class growth model that we used to predict the development of timber resources (trees with DBH 8 cm) at 10−year intervals in the period 2001− −2041. In 2011, the predicted average standing volume was lower than the one actually measured. The forecast indicated an increase in the average standing volume (fig. 5), a reduction in the volume of ingrowth (fig. 6), an increase in the proportion of beech in the standing volume and ingrowth (figs. 5 and 7) and the maintenance of a similar density structure (fig. 8) throughout the period 2001−2041. The low accuracy of the prediction after 10 years (in 2011) was caused by the difference between the predicted and actual values of tree growth and mortality in the period 2001−2011.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 03; 207-218
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ warunków świetlnych panujących pod okapem drzewostanu na wielkość osobnika jeżyny gruczołowatej (Rubus hirtus Waldst. i Kit. agg.)
    Effect of light conditions under the stand canopy on the size of blackberry (Rubus hirtus Waldst. and Kit. agg.) individuals
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Janas, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973866.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany
    dno lasu
    warunki swietlne
    Rubus hirtus
    leśnictwo
    krzewy leśne
    jerzyna gruczołowata
    wzrost roślin
    wielkość
    light conditions
    specimen size
    blackberry
    rubus hirtus
    Opis:
    The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the forest floor light conditions on the size of blackberries. The research was conducted in the Forest Experimental Station (LZD) in Krynica (49°26'N, 20°52'E). In autumn 1999, 30 individuals were collected from two selected blackberry patches. The crown closure over the blackberry patch situated in the stand with a broken canopy accounted for 21%, while that over the patch located in the stand with the full canopy cover – 3%. The average weight of individuals from the patch beneath the dense canopy was 1.937 ±1.364 g, while individuals growing under a more open canopy were ten times greater and amounted to 18.027 ±11.993 g. The average length of shoots of individuals growing under the dense canopy was five times larger and equalled 42.4 ±35.2 cm and 278.7 ±186.7 cm, respectively. Blackberries growing under a more open canopy established every second shoot (47%) with a length exceeding 50 cm potentially capable of producing roots and thereby progeny ramets. Only one in ten shoots (13%) in individuals growing under the dense canopy was longer than 50 cm. Individuals growing under a more open canopy were several times larger, which means that the blackberry positively responded to the increased access to light by increasing the size of individuals. However, a large share of live shoot lengths in the total length of an individual from the patch under a more open stand canopy compared to the share of this parameter in the total length of an individual growing under the dense canopy suggests that under favourable conditions the expansion of this species is highly probable.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 06; 393-400
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Porównanie struktury wielkości jeżyny gruczołowatej (Rubus hirtus Waldst. & Kitt. agg.) z populacji rosnących na glebach wykształconych na różnych podłożach geologicznych
    Comparison of the size structure of the blackberry [Rubus hirtus Waldst. and Kitt. agg.] from the populations growing on the soils developed on different geological substrates
    Autorzy:
    Gazda, A.
    Kochmańska-Bednarz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009443.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    botanika lesna
    krzewy
    populacje roslin
    jezyna gruczolowata
    Rubus hirtus
    pedy
    struktura wielkosci
    struktura przestrzenna
    czynniki siedliska
    podloze geologiczne
    population structure
    size structure
    rubus hirtus
    bedrock type
    soil type
    Opis:
    The objective of the paper was to determine the size structure of the canes and individuals of Rubus hirtus populations and compare them with regard to the type of soils developed on different geological substrates (granodiorite partially covered by boulders, weathered rocks, river sediments, loams and rock rubble for podzolic soil; limestone and conglomerate interlayers for humus−rich and brown rendzinas and on Carpathian flysh for acid brown soil). The mean Rubus hirtus density on all study sites significantly differed from each other. The highest ramet density (11 individuals/m2 ) was noted on the "Dolina Łopusznej" site, while individuals from the populations on the remaining study sites occurred locally in smaller or larger clusters. The shoots of Rubus hirtus growing on podzolic soils significantly differed from those growing on acid brown soil. Long shoots (over 50 cm) on all sites constituted only a few per cent. The Rubus hirtus populations on the "Szczoty" and "Dolina Łopusznej" sites established over 50 cm high shoots, potentially capable of producing roots with the probability of 0.14. Individuals producing a single the main primocane with the probability of over 0.7 were the most frequent. Less than 10% of the individuals which in the previous year produced at least one main shoot failed to establish new main shoots at all. The number of flowering/ fruiting individuals did not exceed 20% on none of the study sites. The studied populations produced a few new ramets. The results obtained from the research permit suggesting that the underlying bedrock is the primary, while light is the secondary, factor affecting the presence of Rubus hirtus plants. This species colonises areas where the stand canopy is broken even to a slight degree.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 05; 347-355
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modele stosowane do opisu architektury drzew i możliwości ich praktycznego wykorzystania w leśnictwie
    Tree architecture descriptive models with forestry applications
    Autorzy:
    Kędra, K.
    Stereńczak, K.
    Gazda, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978911.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    forest modelling
    forest ecosystems
    remote sensing
    geometry
    Opis:
    The qualitative and quantitative descriptive models of tree architecture differ in the degree of complexity and the way of mapping tree structure, and thus, are of varied use in forestry. The qualitative, Hallé−Oldeman models, serve as a framework for analyzing tree architecture and help define the different components of a tree branching system. Among the quantitative models (here: horizontal, three−dimensional or vertical ones) the horizontal representations are the most parsimonious, and proved to be useful for examining the effects of competition process and the light conditions within the forest understory. The three−dimensional representations (Quantitative Structural Models; QSMs) have the widest range of applications as they may be used for deriving both the two−dimensional traits (such as crown length or branch height) and the volumetric traits (such as tree crown volume or wood volume). At the same time they are the most complex ones. The vertical models were used to study the impact of local terrain shape and wind conditions on tree architecture, but the way of deriving such models from the QSMs seems excessively laborious. However, we highlight here also a photogrammetric method, which allows to obtain an analogous model in much simpler way. Both three−dimensional and vertical representations are useful for determining the wood quality features. Three−dimensional models can be used to accurately measure tree woody biomass, while horizontal models can be used for reliable biomass estimations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 09; 707-718
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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