- Tytuł:
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Początki teledetekcji środowiska w Polsce
Origin of remote sensing of environment in Poland - Autorzy:
- Olędzki, J. R.
- Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132194.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2009
- Wydawca:
- Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
- Tematy:
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teledetekcja
Pracownia Interpretacji Zdjęć Lotniczych
Klub Teledetekcji Środowiska PTG
remote sensing
Laboratory of Aerial Photos Interpretation
remote sensing of Environment Club PGS - Opis:
- Years go by. Time obliterates the memory of people and events that they initiated or inspired. Events, being fruits of efforts made by individuals, frequently driven by fascination, necessity or even chance, build the history of different spheres of social life, and in the case which is of interest to us – of the discipline which is now known as remote sensing. This sketch aims to outline the origin of remote sensing in Poland and the milestones in its development during the past five decades. It does not intend to offer a detailed substantive analysis of various studies, directions of research or numerous practical applications. In the sketch’s final part, the programme of training specialists in geinformatics and remote sensing offered at the University of Warsaw is shortly discussed. In 2009, 45 years passed since the conference of geographers and specialists in aerial photographs interpretation which was held in Warsaw, at the Institute of Geography, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences of the University of Warsaw. The conference was organised by the Laboratory of Aerial Photographs Interpretation at the Chair of Regional Geography of the Institute of Geography. The aim of the meeting – which took place in May 1964 – was to familiarise the participants with the findings of research and didactic work at academic centres abroad and at home, in order to develop a new and uniform curriculum for all geography specialisations in Poland. In addition to that, directions of research work conducted by individual laboratories of aerial photograph interpretation were also discussed. The first classes in remote sensing were conducted at geographical studies at the University of Warsaw, specialisation of regional geography, as early as the academic year 1960/1961. Similar classes were also held at the University of Wrocław, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin. In Poland, aerial photography started to be in use from the very first years of independence. In 1921-1924, photoplans on the scale of 1:10 000 covering an area of 3000 km² were made for the Polish-Soviet border areas. 1930 saw the setting up of a specialised enterprise, FOTOLOT. The establishment of the Polish Photogrammetic Society in 1930 was a momentous event as its activity played an important role in the development of photogrammetric methods based on aerial photographs, catering to different needs of the national economy. The most significant achievements in the years 1920-1939 included: a 1931 study by Roman Gryglaszewski, which described the methodology of taking and interpreting aerial photographs for land improvement works on the rivers of the Polesie region, and a 1935 study by Roman Feliński on the analysis of cities, villages and spas in the settlement organisation of the country, in which he highlighted the role of aerial photographs in studies on the country’s spatial development. In 1937-1939, aerial photographs were used in land classification and forestry. We should also mention the work of the Polish geologist Stanisław Zuber, who conducted geological surveys on the Caspian Sea and was a pioneer of using aerial photographs in geology and geotectonic research. In the inter-war period, the Lvov Polytechnic Professor Kasper Weigl, organiser of aerial photography courses, was the most eminent personality in the teaching of remote sensing. Some aerial photographs taken by the German army survived until today from the times of the Second World War; one of such photographs is an aerial photograph of Warsaw taken on 5 August 1944, at the very beginning of the Warsaw Uprising. In it, one can see areas engulfed by fi res and military operations, and the area of the ghetto, razed to the ground, in the form of a light tone. The first aerial photographs after the Second World War were taken already in 1945. The first years after the War, and later, until the end of the 1950s, were not easy for the development of remote sensing in Polish geography despite the systematic character of aerial photography of Poland at the time. In 1957, Bogodar Winid set a long-term plan for himself to change the neutral to negative approach of the geographers’ community to a new research methodology – interpretation of aerial photographs. The plan included familiarisation with the theoretical foundations of photointerpretation, development of materials for this type of classes, gradual training of specialists, gradual introduction of classes in interpretation of aerial photographs for students specialising in regional geography, and later in other specialisations and disciplines, conducting research in this field, and starting cooperation with state bodies and institutions to familiarise them with the socalled “aeromethods”. Looking at this programme fifty years later, we can say that – probably mostly owing to Bogodar Winid’s outstanding drive and energy – this programme was implemented in full. In 1966, interpretation of aerial photographs was made a compulsory subject in geographical studies. To coordinate the development of photointerpretation, on 23 October 1964 a specialised body, the Photointerpretation Committee, was set up as part of the Polish Geographical Society (PTG). A specialised series entitled Fotointerpretacja w geografii [Photointerpretation in geography] was initiated for scientific exchange purposes; currently, it is known as the Teledetekcja Środowiska [Remote sensing] series. By the end of 2008, a total of 40 volumes with 480 papers was published. The Photointerpretation Committee, later transformed into the Remote Sensing Club of the Polish Geographical Society, in the years 1964-2009 organised 19 nation-wide conferences on issues of photointerpretation and remote sensing. The range of remote sensing applications was expanded to other areas ane institutions owing to cooperation with government institutions, as a result of which OPOLIS, the Centre for Processing Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images, was set up as a part of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography.
- Źródło:
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Teledetekcja Środowiska; 2009, 41; 5-22
1644-6380 - Pojawia się w:
- Teledetekcja Środowiska
- Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł