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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Areny jako proleki
    Arenes as prodrugs
    Autorzy:
    Guzik, U.
    Hupert-Kocurek, K.
    Nieć, A.
    Wojcieszyńska, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171928.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    prolek
    związki aromatyczne
    aktywacja proleku
    prodrug
    aromatic compounds
    prodrugs activation
    Opis:
    Nowadays, improvement of physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of pharmacologically active compounds is connected with development of prodrugs. Prodrugs are defined as pharmaceutical compounds inactive in their parent form and converted either chemically or enzymatically to the active derivative in the organism. A lot of prodrugs are aromatic compounds because of benzene ring reactivity. There are two main classes of prodrugs. In the carrier-linked prodrugs, the active drug is linked to a carrier through bioreversible covalent bond removed by enzymatic or chemical reactions. The second class comprises bioprecursor prodrugs that are modified in the body to induce the functional groups. Additionally, based on the site of prodrugs conversion into their active forms, they are classified into two groups: prodrugs metabolized intracellulary and prodrugs metabolized extracellulary. Chemical or enzymatic transformation of prodrugs may occur through their reduction, decarboxylation, oxidative deamination, cyclization, phosphorylation and/or hydrolysis. These reactions enable to overcome different barriers in drug delivery through changes in aqueous solubility, chemical instability and insufficient oral adsorption. It may also cause prolonged duration of drug action. Moreover, the prodrugs strategy allows achieving brain and tumor specific targeting. Summarizing, the designing of the prodrugs seems to be one of the most promising strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs and reduction of their negative side effects.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 3-4; 255-269
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Katalizowane cynkiem asymetryczne hydrosililowanie ketonów i imin
    Zinc-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones and imines
    Autorzy:
    Gajewy, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172235.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    kataliza asymetryczna
    hydrosililowanie
    kompleksy cynku
    enancjoselektywność
    aktywacja asymetryczna
    asymmetric catalysis
    hydrosilylation
    zinc complexes
    enantioselectivity
    asymmetric activation
    Opis:
    One of the fundamental research goals in modern chemistry is the development of efficient and selective procedures to access organic compounds. Among all of the methodologies developed so far, catalysis offers an efficient and economical approach to enantiomericaly pure substances. In particular, transition metal catalysts modified by ligands, usually phosphines, are one of most successful examples of practical catalysis. Unfortunately, most of the applied metals (e.g., Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir) are low abundant, toxic and expensive. For this reason, recent research is focusing on their replacement by cheaper and low toxic metals. For example, the use of zinc can be of great interest, due to its abundance (0.0076% in the earth crust), biological relevance and distinct abilities. In the last two decades many scientific group have been working on finding new, high efficient and inexpensive catalytic system based on zinc for enantioselective transformations. It has been found that many of important organic reactions (for example aldol, Diels-Alder, Friedel-Crafts, Henry reactions) in their asymmetric version can be catalyzed by zinc complexes. One of them is also asymmetric reduction of double carbon-heteroatom bonds through addition of hydride (from silane). Hydrosilylation reduction is a promising alternative for the catalytic transformation of organic molecules to other reduction methods such as: hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation owing to its operational simplicity and mild conditions. This review will give a general overview of the possible applications of zinc-catalyzed hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds and imines. Since the understanding of mechanism of reaction is crucial for rational planning of new and more efficient ligands, some part of this article was devoted for mechanical considerations.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2013, 67, 5-6; 521-562
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Grzyby i odpady grzybowe jako nowe prekursory do otrzymywania adsorbentów węglowych
    Mushroom and mushroom residues as new precursors for carbon adsorbents
    Autorzy:
    Koźlarek, Natalia
    Bazan-Woźniak, Aleksandra
    Pietrzak, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086743.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    biowęgiel
    właściwości fizykochemiczne
    fizyczna i chemiczna aktywacja
    adsorpcja
    biocarbon
    physicochemical properties
    physical and chemical activation
    adsorption
    Opis:
    Undesirable changes in the bacteriological, physical and chemical properties of water are a consequence of introduction of excessive amounts of inorganic and organic materials to it. These pollutants limit or prevent the use of water for drinking, food production and household purposes. The greatest amounts of pollutants enter the watersystem with sewage. Also the pesticides,surfactants, organic dyes, artificial fertilizers along with municipal and industrial waste can easily enter water system and threaten the organisms living there. Another, equally important problem is the pollution of atmospheric air. Emission of solid liquid or gas pollutants to the atmosphere has been proved to have significant impact on human health, climate and nature. That is why the search for new and more effective technologies for the environment purification is a continuous challenge. Recently, increasingly often carbon materials are used as effective adsorbents of pollutants from liquid and gas phases.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2022, 76, 3-4; 221--236
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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