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Tytuł:
Polimery z pamięcią kształtu i ich otrzymywanie
Shape-memory polymers and their preparation
Autorzy:
Andrzejewski, Kewin
Czyżów, Wiktor
Jacewicz, Dagmara
Drzeżdżon, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
polimery
synteza
katalizatory
zielona chemia
polymers
synthesis
catalysts
green chemistry
Opis:
SMP (shape-memory polymers) is an innovative class of programmable materials responsive to various stimuli. They are attracting increasing attention regarding possible new inventions, industrial use, and overall polymer research. After a brief introduction, this article examines the conventional shape-memory effect, methods of fabrication of shape memory polymers, and molecular and structural requirements for SMP to function. The shape memory behavior of such polymers is thoroughly presented, with the focus being on the thermo- and photo-induced SME. The uses in biomedical and industrial areas are also discussed.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2022, 76, 3-4; 183--205
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polimery funkcjonalne jako unikalne materiały stosowane w selektywnej adsorpcji
Functional polymers as unique materials applied in selective adsorption
Autorzy:
Nazim, Tomasz
Cegłowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200579.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
polimery funkcjonalne
funkcjonalizacja
adsorpcja
oczyszczanie wody
functional polymers
functionalization
adsorption
water treatment
Opis:
Functional polymers are increasingly being used as materials with a range of unique properties. Due to their structure and relatively high flexibility in a synthetic context, they are becoming highly relevant in a variety of applications. One of the numerous examples of the use of functional polymers is water treatment. Using the adsorption phenomenon, it is possible to remove or reduce the amount of harmful organic compounds and heavy metal ions in the water. This review provides information on both the synthesis methods and characterization of functional polymers in terms of their adsorption properties. Among others, this paper presents the results of research on functional polymers carried out by Professor Schroeder's research group. The research was mainly focused on the selective adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions, which are significant water pollutants. The overall results show that the adsorption of the synthesized polymer materials is high influenced by parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time of the adsorbent with the adsorbate and the initial adsorbate concentration. In the case of the adsorption phenomenon, the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm turned out to be the most appropriate model for the tested materials, while in the case of kinetic models, the highest R2 coefficient was usually obtained using the pseudo-second-order equation.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2022, 76, 7-8; 509--527
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polimery oraz makrocząsteczki posiadające podstawnik pentafluorosulfanylowy, -SF5 : synteza, struktura, właściwości i zastosowanie
Polymers and macromolecules containing pentafluorosulfanyl, -SF5 substituent : synthesis, structure, properties and application
Autorzy:
Wolska, Joanna
Siodła, Tomasz
Walkowiak-Kulikowska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
podstawnik pentafluorosulfanylowy
funkcjonalizowane polimery
pentafluorosulfanyl substituent
functionalized polymers
Opis:
The pentafluorosulfanyl (-SF5) moiety is a lesser known and underutilized functional group that displays high electronegativity, chemical and thermal stability, and low surface energy, among other useful properties. As a substituent it is known for almost 60 years, however practical application of the unique -SF5 group in various areas of chemistry has only recently picked up, mostly due to longstanding challenges associated with its synthetic accessibility. Most of the latest attention involving the use of -SF5 has been in medicinal chemistry, but it has also started to feature much more frequently in functional materials design, especially in the area of optoelectronic materials. This review will describe polymers and macromolecules containing -SF5 substituent which has been introduced mainly at the monomer stage.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2020, 74, 3-4; 231-254
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inteligentne polimery i ich stosowanie w kontrolowanym uwalnianiu insuliny podczas leczenia diabetologiczngo
Smart polymers and their use in controlled insulin release during diabetic therapy
Autorzy:
Fajkis, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
inteligentne polimery
system przenoszenia leków
cukrzyca
insulina
smart polymers
drug delivery system
diabetes mellitus
insulin
Opis:
This overview will discuss the smart polymers as drug nanocarries, their construction and shapes showing their using for controlled insulin release. The report will focus on diabetes mellitus as a disease unit, its etiology and treatment by injection and by using smart polymers. The ingredients described in this article are: poly- (methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol), hyaluronic acid, G-CSF-transferrin conjugate in cultured enterocyte-like Caco-2 monolayers, poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) and chitosan. Such “intelligent” polymers and their use in a controlled insulin release in diabetic therapy are immensely promising.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2018, 72, 3-4; 165-184
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polimery z odciskiem molekularnym jako biomimetyki metaloenzymów
Molecularly imprinted polymers as biomimetics of metalloenzymes
Autorzy:
Czulak, J.
Trochimczuk, A.
Marcinkowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
polimery z odciskiem molekularnym
biomimetyki metaloenzymów
kataliza
reakcja hydrolizy
reakcja utleniania
reakcja uwodornienia
kondensacja aldolowa
molecularly imprinted polymers
biomimetic catalytic systems
hydrolysis
oxidation
hydrogenation
aldol condensation
Opis:
This paper presents methods of the synthesis and applications of biomimetic catalytic systems produced from molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). MIPs contain cavities, which are complementary to the imprinted template, thus possess high selectivity and affinity for the molecules resembling template. MIPs have various applications such as: sorption, chromatography, solid phase extraction, drugs transport and catalysis. However, this article is a review of catalytic systems containing in their active sides one of the selected metal ions: copper(II), cobalt(II), zinc(II), iron(III) or nickel(II). Presented catalytic systems are used in hydrolysis, oxidations, hydrogenations and aldol condensation reactions. This review deals with papers published till 2013.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 9-10; 783-809
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fotoaktywne układy polimerowe o rozmiarach nanometrycznych
Nanometric scale photoactive polymer systems
Autorzy:
Wróbel, M. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
układy fotoaktywne
polimery
transfer energii
nanotechnologia
photoactive systems
polymers
energy transfer
nanotechnology
Opis:
Sun is the most powerful source of clean, cheap and environmentally friendly source of energy, but still, the usage of this resource cover less than 1% of current world energy requirements [1]. However, nature realizes efficient conversion of solar energy to chemical energy on mass scale in different photoactivated processes like photosynthesis, which are essential for our life on this planet. The process takes place in green parts of plants with exceptional efficiency and precision. Natural photosystems like that attract attention to many researchers to develop artificial energy conversion devices. Many photoactive materials (polymers, nanostructures and small molecules) exhibiting high solar energy conversion and catalytic activity have been synthesized and rapidly applied in fields like pollutant removal [2] or solar cells [3]. Although significant development of artificial devices that can mimic natural processes have been achieved, their commercialization still remains a problem. Construction of molecular structure that can mimic natural photosystems is very challenging with regard to synthetic chemistry and impossibility of use the “top – down” methods which cannot reach the molecular level. Generally, photoactive materials have low stability and short lifetime due to their oxidative and aqueous degradation and decomposition under high intensity of light [4]. One of the most challenging problems during designing of artificial photosystems is directionality of excitation energy transfer along properly ordered chromophores. What is more, the mechanism of energy migration often cannot be described using well-known Förster or Dexter theories [5]. This work will focus on the selected artificial photosystems based on polymers. First, short theory of energy transport is presented, followed by description of devices based on multilayered films, repairable polymeric systems, nanohybrids of carbon nanotubes and photoactive polymers, light harvesting conjugated microporous polymers and polymer brushes.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2018, 72, 5-6; 279-297
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sieciowanie samoprzylepnych klejów silikonowych
Crosslinking of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives
Autorzy:
Antosik, A. K.
Czech, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
kleje samoprzylepne
polimery
silikonowe kleje samoprzylepne
pressure-sensitive adhesives
polimer
silicone pressure sensitive adhesives
Opis:
Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) represent a system that actually dates back to the invention of the self-adhesive articles in 1935 when R. Stanton Avery produced the first coating unit using a wooden cigar box with two holes cut in the bottom. PSAs can be defined as a special category of adhesive which in dry form are permanently tacky at room temperature [1–4]. Since 1960s, silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives have found many uses. They are used in industrial plants, as tapes for joining materials with low surface energy, as well as in the sectors of electrical and electronic, medical care, health care and automotive industry. For about 10 years there has been great interest in new uses for the silicone PSA, particularly for medical and industrial belts. The above examples describe a growing range of potential commercial applications of silicone pressure- -sensitive adhesives. Silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives typically consist of large segments of the silane-functional silicone polymers and silicone resins (MQ). It is well known that silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives because of their unique properties are special-purpose products. The combination of the properties of silicones such as high flexibility of connections Si-O-Si, low intermolecular interaction, low surface tension, excellent thermal stability and transparency for UV radiation, excellent electrical properties, high chemical resistance and weather resistance makes silicone adhesives have improved properties compared to other typical polymeric organic adhesives. Due to the low surface tension of silicone adhesives, adhesive is easily spread on the surface of various materials [4–9]. The properties of silicone pressure sensitive adhesives (Si-PSA) crosslinking thermally by organic peroxides (according to a radical mechanism) depend on the type and concentration of crosslinker used. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide (DClBPO) are the most commonly used peroxides the industry. Increasing the content of BPO or DClBPO in a predominantly affects significantly increase the cohesion, while reducing the adhesion of tested adhesives [1, 5, 6]. With the market testing of pressure sensitive adhesives and literature studies clearly show that there were no studies to date on the process of UV-curing silicone pressure sensitive adhesives; and there is no sales sided adhesive tapes, silicone crosslinked by UV radiation.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2016, 70, 1-2; 25-32
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polimery koordynacyjne wanadu : stan obecny i perspektywy
Vanadium coordination polymers : state of art and perspectives
Autorzy:
Augustyniak, Adam W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1411134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
wanad
sieci metaliczno-organiczne
MOFs
wielościany metaliczno-organiczne
MOP
vanadium
metal-organic frameworks
metal-organic polyhedral
Opis:
Vanadium ions are very attractive building units owing to their coordination diversity. In recent years, metal-organic polyhedra (MOP) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gradually become attractive materials in various fields due to their unique properties. However, despite this, structures based on vanadium ions are scarce. This short perspective review paper describes representative examples of MOP and MOFs based vanadium, focusing on their structure and their applications.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2021, 75, 3-4; 253-269
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie cyklodekstryn w technologii wdrukowania molekularnego
Application of cyclodextrins in molecular imprinting technology
Autorzy:
Pokajewicz, Katarzyna
Poliwoda, Anna
Wieczorek, Piotr P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200556.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
cyklodekstryny
polimery z nadrukiem cząsteczkowym
rozpoznanie molekularne
selektywność
cyclodextrins
molecularly imprinted polymers
molecular recognition
selectivity
Opis:
In the last decade molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) have gained great interest in the area of selective recognition various type substances. Scientific work in this field is carried out very intensively - the methods of synthesis are modified and improved, new types of hydride materials are created, as well as new reagents for synthesis. In this case, cyclodextrins (CD) and their analogues show good molecular recognition ability for its unique physical and chemical properties and suitable cavity structure. As a result, these supramolecular ligands can perform various functions in the MIP technology, and the resulting polymeric materials are characterized by high selectivity and binding specificity (recognition) of analytes structurally matched to the MIP cavity. Of particular importance is the fact that cyclodextrins enable the imprinting not only of low-molecular-weight biologically active compounds, but also of high-molecular molecules (proteins, peptides). The numerous hydroxyl groups available in cyclodextrins are active sites that can form different types of linkages. They can be cross-linked with one another, or they can be derivatized to produce monomers that can form linear or branched networks. This article provides a detailed review of MIPs based on CD and their application in the field of separation science and analytical chemistry in recent years. The discussion is grouped according to the different role of CD in MIPs, that is, functional monomer, carrier modifier, etc.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2022, 76, 7-8; 677--699
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Klasyfikacja klejów samoprzylepnych ze względu na rodzaj polimeru
Classification of pressure-sensitive adhesives according to basic polymer kind
Autorzy:
Antosik, Adrian Krzysztof
Antosik, Nataniel Adrian
Licbarski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
kleje samoprzylepne
polimery
adhezja
kohezja
pressure-sensitive adhesives
polymer
adhesion
cohesion
Opis:
Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) represent a system that actually dates back to the invention of the self-adhesive articles in 1935 when R. Stanton Avery produced the first coating unit using a wooden cigar box with two holes cut in the bottom. They are nonmetallic materials used to bond other materials, mainly on their surfaces through adhesion and cohesion. Adhesion and cohesion are phenomena, which may be described thermodynamically and chemically, but actually they cannot be measured precisely. It was shown that the most important bonding processes are bonding by adhesion and bonding with pressure-sensitive adhesives. They can be describe as a special category of adhesive which in dry form are permanently tacky at room temperature and adheres to a substrate under light pressure after what can be removed cleanly, on demand, without leaving residues on the substrate; mechanically - soft, sticky substance [1-7]. One of the most popularly classification of pressure-sensitive adhesives are division according to basic polymer kind. PSA are divided on seven groups in this classifications respectively acrylic, rubber, silicone, polyurethane, polyester, polyether and EVA pressure-sensitive adhesive [5, 7-8]. Market and technology of high-quality pressure-sensitive adhesives is growing very fast. This development is the result of expansion in both existing and new fields of application of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Self-sealing polymers used for production of pressure-sensitive adhesives is directly related to their structure, which makes them unique in the world. The global market for self-adhesive tapes was expanding by 5.5% per year. In 2012 it produced worldwide about 1700.5 kilotons pressure-sensitive adhesives with a value of $ 22.7 trillion. In 2018, an increase in world production was expected to reach around 2208.2 kilotons of self-adhesive adhesives valued at 31.64 billion USD, which has been approximately met, in the following years a further increase in the production of these materials is forecasted [1-3].
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2019, 73, 9-10; 452-463
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przewodzące samoprzylepne kleje akrylanowe z napełniaczami węglowymi
Conductive acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives with carbon filler
Autorzy:
Antosik, A. K.
Czech, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
kleje samoprzylepne
przewodzące kleje samoprzylepne
polimery
samoprzylepne kleje akrylanowe
adhesives
conductive pressure-sensitive adhesives
polymer
acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives
Opis:
Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) are a group of adhesive-based macromolecular polymers which are characterized by good (satisfying the requirements of industrial) adhesion and cohesion; high temperature stability during use, excellent aging resistance and constant tear strength. In 1935, the concept of self-adhesive glue, wherein the obtained self-adhesive product of the invention R. Stanton Avery, was firstly developed. From many types of adhesives, the most common adhesives are acrylics pressure-sensitive adhesives [1–3]. In most cases, self-adhesive adhesives do not exhibit good conductive properties, whereas conductivity grades are classified in the group of insulators. In order to improve their conductive properties, studies have been conducted on the modification of polymers in adhesive compositions, where at least one of the components exhibited conductive properties (e.g. polymers with conjugated π-bonded polymers along polymeric chains). However, the best effects were obtained by adding conductive fillers such as metal (copper, aluminum), specially modified soot, nanotubes or graphene, carbon fibers, metallized glass and conductive fibers. This allowed the creation of electrically conductive compositions characterizing by conductivity in the range from 10–2 to 102 S/cm. This relatively high conductivity is the result of the percolation of conductive filler molecules into an insulating matrix or tunneling between electrically conductive molecules [10, 11]. Acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesives with conductive fillers have found a number of important industrial applications, especially in the electronics industry. Pressure- sensitive adhesives, such as self-adhesive tapes or adhesive films, are used as heating elements, sensors or conductive gums. Due to their good performance, they can be used to connect solar panels or glue small components in the microelectronics industry. They also can be used to discharge static charges from the surface – used as flexible drainage connections – especially in places where the spark is undesirable and can be dangerous. They are used as heating elements [10, 12, 27].
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2017, 71, 11-12; 887-896
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kompozyty uporządkowanych krzemionkowych materiałów mezoporowatych z rodziny M41S
Composites of ordered silica mesoporous materials from the M41S family
Autorzy:
Zabłocka, I.
Wysocka-Żołopa, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
uporządkowana mezoporowata krzemionka
kompozyty
katalizatory
sorbenty
polimery
ordered mesoporous silica
composites
catalysts
sorbents
polymers
Opis:
Report on the discovery of a new group of ordered mesoporous M41S molecular sieves initiated the extensive use of these materials in scientific research. There were 3 different pores differing in the pore system, generally called MCM (Mobil Composition of Matter): MCM-41 with hexagonal structure, MCM-48 with regular structure and MCM-50 with lamellar structure (Fig. 1). The first proposed synthesis of materials from the M41S group is based on the use of organic surfactants as matrices [4]. The applied modifications of the synthesis method allowed, among others for easy and fairly accurate control of morphology, change of physical properties of the obtained silicas and have an impact on time, cost and simplicity of execution [12, 16, 23–34]. They concerned the use of additional organic and inorganic substances [23–25], changes in reaction conditions [12, 16, 26–29], as well as the use of innovative surfactants [30–34]. Due to its porous structure, the mesoporous silica creates opportunities to improve the properties of many materials, which is why many composites have been synthesized with its used in catalysing, sorption or improving the properties of polymers. Mesoporous titanium catalysts (Ti-MCM-41) were used in the catalysis of the redox reaction or as photocatalysts [44–71]. In addition to titanium, other transition metals have also been introduced into the MCM-41 network, including vanadium, zirconium, niobium, iron, ruthenium, silver, nickel, tungsten [43, 72–98] used as catalysts in organic reactions or as catalysts in the ozonation process [ 99–111]. Polymer composites belong to hybrid materials made of an organic polymer matrix dispersed in inorganic silica. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline and polypyrrole are often used in mesoporous polymer composites due to the ability to conduct electric current [117–133]. The main use of composites with mesoporous silica in sorption processes is to use them to remove impurities from water and gases. MCM-48 composites with various amines were used in the carbon dioxide adsorption process, and composites with niobium and nickel in deodorization processes [141–155]. Synthesis of composites with organic compounds allows to obtain good adsorbents of heavy metals such as: lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, nickel, zinc and mercury [146–152].
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2018, 72, 11-12; 841-865
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Właściwości fizykochemiczne, biologiczne i aplikacyjne izocyjanków. Część 2., Zastosowanie w medycynie i materiałoznawstwie
Physicochemical, biological and application properties of isocyanides. Part 2., Medical and materials science applications
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Marta
Pobłocki, Kacper
Drzeżdżon, Joanna
Jacewicz, Dagmara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200417.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
isocyanides
medicine
pharmaceuticals
polymers
IBPs
izocyjanki
medycyna
farmaceutyki
polimery
Opis:
Isocyanides are compounds with a triple bond between a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom. Thanks to this structure, there is an electron lone pair on the carbon atom, which allows these compounds to participate in many reactions in organic chemistry. Due to their properties and the number of reactions in which they can participate, this group has been applied in medicine. Both natural and synthetic isocyanides have antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anticancer properties. The reactions involving them allow for a much simpler and faster synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. In addition, these compounds have application properties, making it possible to obtain polymers. Despite the polymerization of these compounds raising many objections, many polymeric materials based on isocyanides have found applications both in science and in everyday life.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2023, 77, 3-4; 239--256
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maldi – metoda do zastosowań w analizie strukturalnej polimerów
Maldi – method for use in structural analysis of polymers
Autorzy:
Swinarew, B.
Swinarew, A. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
polimery
spektrometria mas z jonizacją laserową wspomaganą matrycą
MALDI-TOF
kopolimery
degradacja polimeru
polymers
matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
MALDI-TOF MS
copolymers
polymer degradation
Opis:
Polymers as one of the fastest growing groups of widespread use of synthetic materials are characterized by a great diversity of structures. Structural characterization of polymers generally includes: an assessment of the average molecular weight (Mn) and the molar mass distribution (PD) to determine the structure of repeating units (mers) sequence analysis of the copolymer, identification of the end groups, the detection and identification of contaminants and substances present in the composition of the polymer asa dopant. Modern mass spectrometry (MS) offers the opportunity to study the smallest structural details of macromolecular materials [1–10]. Because of the variety of potential structures of polymer analysis process is to answer a few questions by a certain pattern. The first step is to determine the chemical structure of the polymer backbone. The second step is to identify whether the chains have branching points and define the degree of branching. The third important step is to correct end groups identification, also for the detection of cyclic oligomers that can be present. The structural studies can be made by mass spectrometer using reflectron mode. In the essence, the method involves three steps. The first analysis is performed with standard mass spectrum of the sample. Then the precursor ion (parent ion) is selected, which is subjected to further analysis by MS changed voltages and reflectron mode. This paper aims to present the issues related to the detailed analysis and characterization of polymeric materials produced on a large scale. Before, for materials such as poly(propylene), poly(ethylene), poly(styrene), polycarbonate, etc., increasing demands on the mechanical and technological parameters were placed. Maintaining a high level of products is associated with a very rigorous process control of the manufacturing, processing and transportation at every stage. The optimal tool for the structural characteristics of these polymeric materials is the defense technique MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time- -Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer) due to its versatility, speed and extremely high precision. Below, we present some aspects of MALDI MS analysis of polymeric materials and composites. Note, that the following literature review focuses on the recent developments in the field of preparation of the samples, to achieve high mass resolution, the identification of polymers and copolymers, the accuracy of the molar mass determination and the identification of functional end groups, sequence analysis of the copolymer.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 7-8; 645-660
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synteza i zastosowanie styrylopochodnych arenów, karbazolu i ferrocenu w projektowaniu e-stereoregularnych krzemoorganicznych materiałów hybrydowych
Synthesis and application of styryl derivatives of arenes, carbazol and ferrocene for designing e-stereoregular organosilicon hybrid materials
Autorzy:
Majchrzak, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1413279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
kataliza
sprzęganie Suzuki
sililujące sprzęganie
materiały hybrydowe
polimery
catalysis
Suzuki coupling
silylative coupling
hybrid materials
polymers
Opis:
The potential for expanding the variety of catalytic methods for carbon-carbon bond formation is being currently explored in many research centres all over the world. An increasing use of selected d-block metals as catalysts in the synthesis has brought new methods of functionalization of organic and organometallic compounds of great importance for development of polymer chemistry and organic chemical technology [5, 6]. This work describes very precise and controlled catalytic transformations as useful tools for the synthesis of new E-conjugated organic, organosilicon molecular and polymeric compounds. The combination of Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and silylative coupling reactions as a simple and efficient method is established for designing new E-stereoregular hybrid materials in the presence of well-defined transition metal (TM) catalysts. All presented compounds can be interesting precursors for a further functionalization that may significantly increase the possibility of their application in the design and synthesis of new functional materials.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2021, 75, 1-2; 137-162
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 20

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