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    Tytuł:
    Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian Peninsula
    Autorzy:
    Meloro, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22061.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Carnivora
    Italian Peninsula
    Italy
    morphological diversity
    Pleistocene
    Plio-Pleistocene
    Quaternary
    geometrical morphometry
    large mammal
    mandible shape
    paleontology
    morphological variability
    taxonomy
    Opis:
    Communities of large mammals exhibit changes in morphological diversity through space and time; changes that are possibly correlated to distinct aspects of the physical environment. Here, I explore shape changes in the trophic apparatus of large carnivore guilds, comparing extant communities with Quaternary ones, from peninsular Italy. Mandibular shape is quantified through geometric morphometrics and its disparity is computed for each carnivore guild. Patterns of morphospace occupation through space and time reveal that extant carnivore guilds are negatively influenced by number of artiodactyls. Very productive ecosystems show low values of morphological disparity because species tend to occupy central regions of the morphospace rather than extreme areas. Disparity of mandibular corpus shape remains relatively stable throughout the Quaternary in the large carnivore communities of the Italian peninsula. They exhibit similar values to extant guilds because the trophic apparatus did not evolved important morphological novelties. Interestingly, carnivore guilds of the late Pliocene (3.5 Ma) and early Pleistocene (0.8 Ma) show over−dispersed or random morphospace occupation because of a depleted fauna, precluding successive structural changes. The same applies for the extant European carnivore guild as a result of recent extinctions without replacement.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Piggyback whorls: A new theoretical morphologic model reveals constructional linkages among morphological characters in ammonoids
    Autorzy:
    Ubukata, T
    Tanabe, K.
    Shigeta, Y.
    Maeda, H.
    Mapes, R.H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20269.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    morphospace
    morphology
    morphological data
    fossil animal
    constructional linkage
    ammonoid
    paleontology
    cross-sectional shape
    computer simulation
    shell growth
    morphological diversity
    Opis:
    A new theoretical morphological model is proposed for the analysis of growth, form and morphospace of ammonoid shells. In this model, the shape of a radial cross section through the shell is simulated by “piggybacking” of successive whorls. The “piggyback whorls model” is defined in terms of the enlarging rate of the perimeter and the proportion of the dorsal wall to the whorl periphery, if an isometric relationship is assumed between perimeter and area of the cross−sectioned whorl. Allometric coefficients on these growth parameters determine how compressed and evolute shells are formed. The present model successfully reproduced some correlations among purely geometric variables that have been reported in previous works and were also observed in our biometric analyses. This model yields a hypothesis of “constructional linkages” between aperture shape and coiling geometry that might provide a functional coupling between hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characters. The model may partly explain Buckman’s Law of Covariation between rib features and shell shapes.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2008, 53, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cenozoic fossil fishes of the extinct alepisauroid family Polymerichthyidae from the Sakhalin Island, Russia
    Autorzy:
    NAZARKIN, MIKHAIL V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945438.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    teleostei
    aulopiformes
    polymerichthys
    morphological analysis
    systematics
    tertiary
    russia
    sakhalin
    Opis:
    Five incomplete skeletons of fishes of the extinct monotypic family Polymerichthyidae (Aulopiformes: Alepisauroidei) from the Paleogene and Neogene of Sakhalin Island, Russia, are identified as Polymerichthys sp., described in detail, and compared with known representatives of the family. The results of this study suggest that polymerichthyids were characterized by a prolonged rostrum, behind which the upper jaw symphysis was placed; by an anal fin without spinules, contrary to what was assumed earlier; and, probably, by sexual dimorphism. Morphological analysis reveals the closest relationships of Polymerichthyidae to be with Recent Alepisauridae, but their taxonomic position is still unresolved. The new material is the second occurrence of articulated skeleton of fishes of this family. The new findings from Sakhalin expand the known geographical distribution of Pacific polymerichthyids by about 12° of latitude, and extend the time interval for this family to as early as the late Oligocene.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2016, 61, 4; 829-838
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pruning and grafting on the mammalian phylogenetic tree
    Autorzy:
    Archibald, J D
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21164.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1999
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    molecular evolution
    mammal
    Cretaceous
    grafting
    phylogenetic tree
    pruning
    evolution
    morphological evolution
    paleontology
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 1999, 44, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Morphological variability of the Paratethyan Oligocene–Miocene small reticulofenestrid coccolites and its paleoecological and paleogeographical implications
    Autorzy:
    Holcova, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22832.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    morphological variability
    Oligocene
    Miocene
    small coccolite
    reticulofenestrid coccolite
    coccolite
    paleoecology
    paleogeography
    size change
    Opis:
    The analysis of size changes (length of placoliths, their width, length of central opening and its width) in elliptical reticulofenestrids from the NP25–NN5 zonal interval of the Central Paratethys allowed to dicriminate two size categories of placoliths: (i) small Reticulofenestra minuta (< 3.5 μm); (ii) Reticulofenestra haqii–pseudoumbilicus group (4–10.0 μm). The latter group appeared for the first time (FO, first occurrence) in the upper Egerian (size 4–7 μm) with the size of placoliths in this plexus increasing gradually. The FO of R. pseudoumbilicus > 8.0 μm has been established in the Zone NN2 while its FCO (first common occurrence) in the Zone NN5. This study shows that the FOs of size−defined morphotypes of the R. haqii–pseudoumbilicus group differ in the Central Paratethys and oceanic realm. Blooms of R. minuta at the Oligocene–Miocene boundary and in the Early Middle Miocene may be correlated with the incoming of warm water into the higher latitude Central Paratethys basins during connection with the Mediterranean Sea. Transgression favored the expansion of near−shore areas associated probably by some short−time oscillations of salinity. The FO of R. haqii–pseudoumbilicus group and the FO of R. pseudoumbilicus > 8.0 μm can be correlated with the opening of new pathways between the Mediterranean and the Central Paratethys. Gradual size changes in the R. haqii–pseudoumbilicus group probably reflect climatic changes: the decrease of coccolith size in the late Egerian may reflect cooling (Mi1 event) while the increase in coccolith size in the interval from the FO of Helicosphaera ampliaperta to the FO of Sphenolithus heteromorphus occurred due to warming. Two size categories of placoliths in the R. haqii–pseudoumbilicus group (3.5–6 μm and 6–8 μm) recorded in the interval from Zone NN1 to the lower part of the Zone NN2 may represent seasonal populations.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2013, 58, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fossil thrips of the family Uzelothripidae suggest 53 million years of morphological and ecological stability
    Autorzy:
    Nel, P.
    Schmidt, A.R.
    Bassler, C.
    Nel, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    fossil
    thrip
    morphological stability
    ecological stability
    Arthropoda
    Thysanoptera
    Uzelothripidae
    fungi
    Ascomycota
    Capnodiales
    sooty mould
    amber
    Eocene
    France
    Opis:
    The new fossil thrips Uzelothrips eocenicus P. Nel and A. Nel sp. nov. (Thysanoptera: Uzelothripidae) is described from two lowermost Eocene amber−preserved specimens (one macropterous and one apterous). The family Uzelothripidae is only known so far from a single extant species, Uzelothrips scabrosus. The fossils differ from the extant species only by the antennal segments III and IV, which appear distinctly separated instead of being fused as in the in the extant U. scabrosus. Dark−coloured hyphae and conidia of the Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) which are likely to belong to the sooty moulds (Capnodiales) are attached to the apterous fossil specimen. We consider this arthropod−fungus association not to be accidental since these fungi are also found in extant specimens of these uzelothripids, suggesting very specific long−term interactions and strong habitat specificity.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2013, 58, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fractal analysis of ostracod shell variability: A comparison with geometric and classic morphometrics
    Autorzy:
    Aiello, G
    Barattolo, F.
    Barra, D.
    Fiorito, G.
    Mazzarella, A.
    Raia, P.
    Viola, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22918.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    fractal analysis
    variability
    statistical method
    systematics
    Krithe compressa
    ostracod
    shell
    Ostracoda
    morphometry
    morphological variability
    Krithe iniqua
    paleontology
    Opis:
    Two statistical methods, fractal geometry and geometric morphometrics, are tested for their applicability to ostracod systematics. For this comparison, two morphologically similar ostracod species (Krithe compressa and Krithe iniqua) whose genus−level systematics is still incompletely resolved, are selected. Twenty−nine right valves of each species were collected from the upper Pliocene samples at the Monte San Nicola section in southern Italy. Statistical analyses (MANOVA on morphometric shape variables, and D values) were utilized to test if geometric morphometrics and fractal analysis are appropriate into discriminating between the two species. Both methods succeeded in distinguishing the species statistically. The fractal analysis of the two ostracod species shows D values centered on 1.31±0.02 for Krithe iniqua and on 1.40±0.02 for Krithe compressa. Geometric morphometric analysis indicates significant differences between the two species and allows studying intra−populational variability as well as. The most variable traits indicated by geometric morphometrics are vestibular area and posterior outline of the shell, indicating that these traits are the most relevant for the systematics of the species analyzed. Both fractal geometry and geometric morphometrics provide a measure of population variability. Fractal analysis has the advantage of being free from any subjectivity in the selection of characters and could be most appropriate to use for analysis of complex ornamentation for systematic purposes. However, a possible advantage of geometric morphometrics over fractal analysis is its ability to indicate where statistically significant variations in shape occur on the shell.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2007, 52, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New fossil non-cyclostome braconid wasps from the lowermost Eocene amber of Paris Basin
    Autorzy:
    Belokobylskij, S A
    Nel, A.
    Waller, A.
    De Ploeg, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22492.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    new fossil
    fossil
    paleontology
    braconid wasp
    wasp
    Eocene
    amber
    Paris Basin
    Insecta
    Hymenoptera
    Braconidae
    parasitoid
    morphological peculiarity
    France
    Opis:
    Two braconid wasp taxa with enlarged eyes and ocelli indicative of probable nocturnal activity are discussed and described from the lowermost Eocene amber of the Paris Basin.The new tribe Palaeocharmontini nov., for new genus Palaeocharmon with type species Palaeocharmon basalis sp. nov. is described and illustrated in the subfamily Charmontinae. The similarity of this taxon with members of subfamilies Helconinae, Homolobinae, and Brachistinae is shown and the peculiar character [presence of hind wing recurrent vein (m−cu)] unknown previously in non−cyclostome braconids is discussed. A third fossil species of the genus Phanerotoma (Ph. menieri sp. nov.) is described and compared with known species from the Baltic amber.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 3; 519-527
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mandible morphometrics, dental microwear pattern, and palaeobiology of the extinct Balearic dormouse Hypnomys morpheus
    Autorzy:
    Hautier, L
    Bover, P.
    Alcover, J.A.
    Michaux, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20901.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleontology
    paleobiology
    Balearic Islands
    rodent
    dormouse
    Hypnomys morpheus
    Pleistocene
    deposit
    Eliomys
    Mammalia
    Rodentia
    morphological evolution
    diet
    Gliridae
    Fourier analysis
    morphometry
    mandible
    Opis:
    Hypnomys morpheus is a giant endemic dormouse from the Pleistocene deposits of Mallorca and Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). The present paper aims to interpret the morphological divergence between the mandibles of Hypnomys and of its extant relative Eliomys, the outline of the mandible being used as a marker of the morphological divergence. By comparison with the mandible of Eliomys, the more massive mandible of Hypnomys has recorded an ecological shift of the insular lineage towards a more abrasive diet, including hard vegetable matter, and a different niche. A microwear analysis of the teeth of Hypnomys was simultaneously performed as it can shed light on the diet, and is independent from the comparison of the mandibles. Hypnomys possibly ate harder food items than Eliomys, and likely occupied most of the island environments. Hypnomys appears to have differentiated from its ancestral type toward a more generalized morphology because of the lack of competitors.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2009, 54, 2; 181-194
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ecophenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary trends - morphological variability in Upper Jurassic bivalve shells from Portugal
    Autorzy:
    Schneider, S.
    Fursich, F.T.
    Schulz-Mirbach, F.T.
    Werner, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23367.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    ecophenotype
    plasticity versus
    evolutionary trend
    morphological variability
    Upper Jurassic
    Jurassic
    bivalve shell
    shell
    Bivalvia
    morphometry
    Fourier shape analysis
    size increase
    Late Jurassic
    Portugal
    Opis:
    Upper Jurassic marginal marine strata of the Lusitanian Basin (central Portugal) yield a rich benthic macrofauna from which three bivalve target taxa, i.e., Arcomytilus, Isognomon, and Eomiodon, were chosen for morphometric studies, because of their abundance both in space and time and their variability in shell shape. The shells have been analysed with regard to outline shape (Fourier shape analysis), dimensions, ornamentation (Arcomytilus) and ligament arrangement (Isognomon). Additionally, data on co−occurring fauna and palaeotemperatures calculated from δ18O values have been recorded. The results of the morphometric analyses have been interpreted with regard to phylogeny and palaeoecology. In all target taxa, a distinct, rapid size increase at around the Early/Late Kimmeridgian boundary is evident. Potential causes for this process are discussed, and an increase in food availability is regarded the most likely scenario. In Isognomon rugosus, a distinct change in resilifer arrangement co−occurs with size increase, resulting in the evolution of an endemic species in the Lusitanian Basin, for which the name Isognomon lusitanicus is reestablished. Like in several extant Mytilidae, morphological species characterisation in Arcomytilus turns out unsatisfactory, due to high intraspecific variability. However, Arcomytilus morrisii is still regarded as a valid species that evolved in the Lusitanian Basin. Despite high shape variability, Eomiodon securiformis is also considered to be a clearly distinguished species. For all target taxa morphologic variability is discussed with regard to environment, and variation between populations is delineated. The data suggest a weak correlation of facies and shell shape in Arcomytilus, while Isognomon lusitanicus seems to develop local varieties in different subbasins. Finally, the great morphologic plasticity of bivalves from rather distinct systematic entities is shown to result from different causes, thus demonstrating that careful studies of the involved species are a prerequisite to draw correct palaeoecological conclusions.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 4
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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