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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Procédure à suivre dans les affaires réglementées par la législation relative aux inventions
    Autorzy:
    Tyczka, Mieczysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43852749.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1975-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    procedure
    case
    control
    legislation
    inventions
    Źródło:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1975, 1 (25); 27-37
    0070-7325
    Pojawia się w:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    La législation de la protection du travail en Pologne populaire
    Autorzy:
    Szubert, Wacław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44943792.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1965-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    legislation
    labor protection
    Polska
    development of labor law
    Źródło:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1965, 4; 23-34
    0070-7325
    Pojawia się w:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nouvelle législation polonaise en matière de construction
    Autorzy:
    Bar, Ludwik
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44014935.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1977-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    new recipes
    regulations
    building regulations
    building
    Polska
    administration
    environment
    legislation
    Źródło:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1977, 3 (35); 15-30
    0070-7325
    Pojawia się w:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Adjusting Polish Law to the Requirements of the Europe Agreement
    Autorzy:
    Sołtysiński, Stanisław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43444388.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Europe agreement
    European Union
    legislation
    Member States
    government
    parliament
    Community law
    Community legislation
    public aid
    employee
    contract
    tax law
    civil law
    business law
    obligations
    Źródło:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1998, 1-4; 19-32
    0070-7325
    Pojawia się w:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    L'activité législative des organes de l'administration dans la sphère du droit ctvil dans le système juridique polonais
    Autorzy:
    Łętowska, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43855184.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1975-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    activity
    legislation
    administrative bodies
    administration
    scope of law
    law
    Polish law
    legal system
    Źródło:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1975, 2 (26); 37-47
    0070-7325
    Pojawia się w:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Activité législative de la Diète de la République Populaire de Pologne pendant la legislaturé courante
    Autorzy:
    Zakrzewski, Witold
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43665654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1983-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Polish People's Republic
    legislation
    Diète de la République Populaire de Pologne
    law
    the Diet
    Źródło:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1983, 1-2(57-58); 5-20
    0070-7325
    Pojawia się w:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Le Traité européen et les étapes du processus de rapprochement du droit polonais du droit européen
    Autorzy:
    Wojciechowski, Jerzy Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43449192.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1994-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    treaty
    process
    Polish law
    European law
    European Communities
    Polska
    application
    reconciliation
    European standards
    legislation
    delegate
    European Union
    Źródło:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1994, 1-4; 31-38
    0070-7325
    Pojawia się w:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Les principes et les idées directrices du droit polonais des brevets d invention
    Autorzy:
    Grzybowski, Stefan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45243625.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1968-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    principles and the guiding ideas
    Polish legislation
    subjective rights
    civil right
    trade with foreigners
    polish patent law
    Źródło:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1968, 9; 19-31
    0070-7325
    Pojawia się w:
    Droit Polonais Contemporain
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Koncepcje przeciwdziałania alkoholizmowi i narkomanii w Polsce okresu międzywojennego
    Ideas on counteracting alcohol and drug addiction in Poland between the two world wars
    Autorzy:
    Nelken, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699251.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1987
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    alkoholizm
    narkomania
    kokainizm
    trzeźwość
    alkohologia
    przeciwdziałanie
    alcohol
    ustawodastwo
    leczenie
    alcoholism
    drug addiction
    cocainism
    sobriety
    alcohology
    counteraction
    legislation
    treatment
    Opis:
    The birth of the independent Poland in 1918 activated a social movement against alcoholism and drug addiction. In 1919, the Polish Society for Fighting Alcoholism ,,Trzeźwość'' ("Sobriety'') was established which operated nationwide and which in the period between the two wars became the main factor of fighting alcoholism. In the light of the Statute of "Trzeźwość" and resolutions of the Polish anti-alcoholic congresses, as well as the postulates of psychiatrists, the ideas of how to fight alcoholism included three spheres: a. anti-alcoholic legislation and its practical enforcement; b. anti-alcoholic propaganda and education; c. treatment of alcoholics.             In 1919, a draft was submitted to the Diet that proposed a total prohibition of production and sale of alcoholic beverages. It was referred to a Diet commission which subsequently changed its contents. Then. The Diet passed an Act of 23 April 1920 on restrictions in sale of alcoholic beverages. The Act, based on a concept of partial prohibition. Introduced considerable restrictions in sale of beverages containing over 2.5 per cent of pure alcohol, and a total prohibition of sale of beverages with over 45 per cent alcohol. Moreover, the sale of alcohol was prohibited to workers on paydays and holidays, as well as at markets, fairs, church fairs, pilgrimages, on trains and at railway stations. According to the Act, each rural or urban commune could introduce on its territory a total prohibition of sale of alcoholic beverages by voting. The Act limited the number of places where alcohol could be sold or served to one per 2,500 of the population all over the country. A licence issued by administrative authorities was required to sell or serve alcohol. The statutory instrument to this Act created commissions for fighting alcoholism of the 1st and 2nd instances which were to supervise the compliance to the Act of 1920 and to impose penalties provided for the infringement of its provisions. The commissions consisted of representatives of the State administration and social organizations engaged in fighting alcoholism. Moreover, the Act of 2l January 1922 introduced a penalty of fine or arrest for being drunk in public. A person who brought another person to the state of intoxication was also liable to these penalties.             The complete execution of the anti-alcoholic Act met with obstacles: for instance, alcohol was secretly served on the days of prohibition (e.g. during fairs). The Act of 31 July 1924 established the Polish Spirit Monopoly (P.M.S.). The production of spirit and pure vodka thus became a State monopoly' Production and sale of the P.M.S. beverages increased gradually as it constituted an important source of the State revenue. For this reason. a new anti-alcoholic Act of 21 March 1931 was passed which greatly reduced the restrictions in the sale of alcohol as compared with former regulations. A further reduction in these restrictions resulted from Acts of 1932 and 1934. The P.M.S. Board of Directors argued that a growth in production was necessary to suppress illegal distilling of alcohol the products of which were imperfectly rectified and threatened the health of the population. Instead according to the conception of "Trzeźwość’’ and other social organizations engaged in fighting alcoholism. illegal distilling of alcohol should be detected and suppresed by the police while it was in the interest of the health and morals of the population to curtail greatly the sale of alcohol and for this reason it was necessary to reintroduce the anti-alcoholic Act of 1920 However, in consideration of the State's fiscal interests. the Act was not reintroduced and the other Acts that extended the production and sale of the P.M.S. products were only replaced after World War II.             According to the ideas of ,,Trzeźwość'' and other organizations fighting alcoholism, anti-alcoholic propaganda and education should be made by professionals and have a wide range, since it is impossible to fight alcoholism without informing the population of the harmful effects of alcohol. Guidelines for this activity were worked out at the Polish anti-alcoholic congresses of which there were seven in the period between the wars.             Besides, in 1937 the 21st International Anti-Alcoholic Congress took place in Warsaw during which the Polish draft of an international anti-alcoholic convention was Supported. The draft provided a considerable limitation of alcohol sale, a regulation of penal liability for offences and transgressions committed in the state of intoxication, and lectures on alcohology in schools. The states signatories to the convention would be called upon to pass acts consistent with the content of the convention. The work on this draft was stopped by the outbreak of the war.             The resolutions of the Polish anti-alcoholic congresses demanded lectures on alcohology in all types of schools, at teachers courses and at specialist courses for employees of various departments, the Ministry in of Communication particular. The range of alcohology taught at schools should be conformed to the type of school and the general knowledge or students. The postulate of teaching alcohology in schools was partly realized and courses were organized for railway employees by the Abstainer Railwaymen League. At the State School of  Hygiene in Warsaw a several days course in alcohology was organized every year in which 200--300 persons participated, mainly teachers, physicians and clergymen of various denominations. Besides, ,,Trzeźwość'' organized travelling exhibitions that made tours of towns to show the harmful effects of alcoholism. The Abstainer Railwaymen League organized, an exhibition in a railway carriage which was visited by many thousands of persons at railway stations in different parts of the country. A lecturer on alcohology was employed to have talks during the exhibition. In early February every year a nationwide Sobriety Propagation Week was organized. Various publications were also brought out which demonstrated the harmful effects of alcohol and the ways of fighting alcoholism, both scientific and those for general use. Treatment  of alcoholics was postulated; it was carried out in closed hospital wards or in out-patient clinics. The former was more effective; however it was less frequently applied as compared with the out-patient treatment since there were no provisions which would  legalize compulsory treatment of alcoholics and drug addicts and it was easier to obtain the patient's consent to treatment in a clinic than in a hospital. Compulsory treatment was only possible if the court applied medical security measures in cases of offences connected with abuse of alcohol or drugs. (Art. 82 of the Penal code of 1932). The mental hygiene, movement, initiated in Poland in the early thirties, resulted in a growth in the number of clinics engaged in prevention and treatment, that is in a development of treatment of alcoholics in specialized anti-alcoholic clinics. The necessity of taking the children of alcoholics under educational and medical indicated. An important part is this field fell to social nurses attached to the clinics whose task was among other things to bring the alcoholics children to the clinic and see to their medical treatment if necessary. The organization of special schools for mentally deficient and morally neglected children, whose parents were frequently alcoholics, was also initiated.             Psychiatrists demanded an elaboration and introduction of an act on compulsory treatment of alcoholics and drug addicts, organization of special wards for notorious alcoholics in mental hospitals, prolongation of treatment from 6 to 12 months (which was considered particularly necessary in the case of chronic alcoholism), a joint alcoholism and psychiatric treatment if required, in the case of alcohol psychosis in particular, and check-up of the cured alcoholics and drug addicts.             In Poland drug addiction has never reached the proportions of alcoholism. Its most frequent forms were morphinism and cocainism. Its fighting was facilitated by the passing of an Act of June 23, 1923 which prohibited production, processing, export. import. storage of and any trade in all drugs. For infringement of the Act, penalties of fine and up to 5 years deprivation of liberty were provided. However, there was no act to legalize compulsory treatment of drug addicts. They could only be treated in closed hospital wards since in the case of drug addiction, out-patient treatment was considered to be ineffective. In 1931, the Polish Committee for Drugs and Prevention of Drug Addiction was set up as, an advisory body attached to the Minister of Health and Social Welfare, which consisted mainly of physicians and chemists. In order to fight drug addiction effectively, increased detection of export and sale of drugs was postulated as well as supervision of prescriptions and of obtaining drugs on prescription at chemist's. Chemists were compelled to keep a special book of in- and out-goings of drugs which could only be sold on prescription for therapeutical purposes. Attenton was drawn to the necessity of an instruction, to be passed by the Minister of Internal Affairs, according to which the production of doctors seals and forms would only be possible on presentation of the identity card, since drug addicts used to order seals and forms bearing names of famous practitioners. Medical check-up of released prisoners who had been cured of drug addiction when serving their sentences was also postulated.             In consequence of the spread of ether drinking in the Upper Silesia in 1936, a wide-range operation was carried out which consisted in a vigorous fight against smuggling and sale of ether (which was mainly smuggled from Germany) and in informing the population as to the harmful effects of ether drinking.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1987, XIV; 201-225
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przejawy populizmu penalnego w rozwiązaniach prawnokarnych z zakresu przestępczości przeciwko wolności seksualnej i obyczajności
    Autorzy:
    Dembiński, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788457.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-06-18
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    prawo karne
    kryminologia
    polityka kryminalna
    populizm penalny
    przestępczość
    ustawodawstwo
    punitywność
    criminal law
    criminology
    criminal policy
    penal populism
    criminality
    legislation
    punitiveness
    Opis:
    Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje problematykę populizmu penalnego i jego obecności w polskim ustawodawstwie prawnokarnym. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie złożonej natury wspomnianego zjawiska, wyklarowanie jego cech charakterystycznych oraz ujawnienie wpływu na prawo karne oraz realizowaną w Polsce politykę kryminalną. W artykule podjęto próbę zdefiniowania pojęcia „populizmu penalnego”, przeanalizowano przestępstwa przeciwko wolności seksualnej i obyczajności w ujęciu statystycznym oraz zbadano obecność desygnatów populistycznych w projektowanych albo obowiązujących rozwiązaniach prawnokarnych.
    The article describes the topic of penal populism and its presence in Polish penal law legislation. The purpose of this article is to point out the complexity of this problem, to clarify its characteristics and to show its impact on criminal politics in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2019, 26; 9-31
    2084-5375
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Counter-limits doctrine in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal (until 2015)
    Autorzy:
    Wróbel, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788261.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-04-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    consistent interpretation
    supranational organisation
    European Union
    Constitutional Tribunal
    counter-limits doctrine
    constitutional identity
    supremacy of the constitution
    supremacy of the EU-law
    secondary legislation
    Solange-Case law
    Opis:
    The analysis herein, while mainly descriptive, presents the main foundations of the Constitutional Tribunal’s jurisprudence in matters of hierarchical control of the constitutionality of laws concerning the EU. It distinguishes some principles, concepts and constitutional theories which, according to the Constitutional Tribunal, set the limits of European integration. The main thesis of the paper is that, in this context, the basic and decisive rule is the supremacy of the Constitution, which does not have exceptions or limitations. A hypothesis was also formulated that the Solange II maxim does not reflect the actual state of European constitutionalism, in which the level of protection of fundamental rights is significantly increased while possible collisions between the level of protection of fundamental rights in the EU and the Member States should be solved by means of the clauses provided in Articles 51–54 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2018, 3 (215); 7-35
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Deficyty polskiego ustawodawstwa w zakresie przeciwdziałania mowie nienawiści i przestępstwom z nienawiści
    Autorzy:
    Gliszczyńska-Grabias, Aleksanda
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788213.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    hate speech
    anti-discrimination law
    human rights
    legislation
    hate crimes
    crime
    criminal code
    bill draft
    postulates of changes
    prawo antydyskryminacyjne
    mowa nienawiści
    ustawodawstwo
    prawa człowieka
    przestępstwo
    legislacja
    Opis:
    The phenomenon of hate speech and hate crimes is not easily captured in the legal definitions and is often described as controversial due to the difficulties with identifying the “hateful element” of words and deeds. Another significant reason for the difficulties concerning penalisation in the area in question is the strict (and for many unjustified) limitation imposed on freedom of speech, assembly and association, which are the freedoms most often affected by the anti-hate provisions of law. Nevertheless the obligations included in the international human rights law oblige Polish legislators to introduce and implement proper mechanisms of counteracting these extremely negative and socially dangerous phenomenon. However, many questions arise: Are the international standards of human rights law fully reflected in the Polish legal provisions and practice? How are the areas demanding alteration and endorsement being defined? What are the obstacles that unable the process of protecting all groups particularly endangered by hate speech and hate crimes? Are the provisions of law a sufficient and effective barrier against spreading hatred in the public sphere? This article seeks to answer all the questions posed above. It also attempts to demonstrate the complexity of the analysed problems, placing them in the centre of the gene-ral discussion on tolerance, minorities protection and the functions of the antidiscrimination law within democratic state and society.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2014, 1 (197); 113-128
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kodeksowe pozwolenie zintegrowane a sektorowe pozwolenie wodnoprawne - doświadczenia niemieckie
    Autorzy:
    Rotko, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788227.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-07-22
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Kodeks prawa ochrony środowiska
    ustawodawstwo krajów federalnych RFN
    pozwolenie zintegrowane
    pozwolenie wodnoprawne
    prawo wodne
    indywidualne akty administracyjne
    Code of environmental law
    Federal Republic of Germany legislation
    integrated permit
    water permit
    water law
    individual administrative acts
    Opis:
    The author takes the issue of individual administrative acts aimed at rational use of the environment. He is focused on the German experiences. The rationale for this choice is, on one hand, a considerable number of such instruments, provided especially in the water law. On the other hand it is an significant and extensive literature devoted to such instruments. Special role in the development of doctrine played the work on the code of environmental law, which was the central point of an integrated permit. Although there has been no adoption of the Code, but accumulated experiences influence the theory and practice of application of this law. Proof of this is also a history of Water Resources Act, passed in 2009. The need for the adoption of this Act was the result of the consequences of competence changes made to the constitution. These changes were made in order to allow the adoption of the Code. In the new law types of water permits known from previous regulations were repeated, but also there were added selected solutions for environmental integrated protection. That was modeled on the draft Code. It was also added one kind of permission functioning in legislation of federal states.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2017, 2 (210); 115-127
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przestępczość i polityka karna sądów w Węgierskiej Republice Ludowej
    Crime and the penal policy of courts in the Hungarian peoples republic
    Autorzy:
    Kubiak, Jacek R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699255.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1987
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    polityka karna
    republika ludowa
    przestępczość
    ustawodawstwo
    prawo karne
    Węgry
    orzecznictwo
    gwałt
    sądownictwo
    pozbawienie wolności
    grzywna
    ludobójstwo
    people's republic
    criminality
    legislation
    criminal law
    Hungary
    certification
    rape
    judiciary
    deprivation of liberty
    fine
    genocide
    criminal policy
    criminal Policy
    Opis:
    There is in Hungary a many years tradition. of gathering and publishing criminal statistics and its theoretical analysis. This tradition dates back to the early 19th century. In the modern days, it was discontinued in the years 1944-1956 only. However, in 1957, the publication of the basic data of criminal statistics in Statistical Yearbooks published by the central statistical Office was started anew. As shown by an analysis of the trends of the number of convictions of adults in the years 1944-1984 based on official sources, there is a high substantial changes in these trends with changes in the provisions of the penal law and to some extent in the socio-political climate. The following can thus be noticed: A very big number of convictions in the late fourties and early fifties (with the culminating point in 1952), accompanied by rapid drops in the years when amnesty laws were passed or new provisions of the penal law were introduced. A great drop in the number of convictions in 1956 and, 1957 which was related directly first of all to the course of events before and after October 23, 1956, and to the fact that a part of the jurisdiction of common courts of law was taken over by special courts of law was taken over by special courts the activity of which is not reflected in the analysed statistical data. A relative stabilization of the number of convictions in the years of gradual socio-political consolidation ( 1958-1962). A gradual increase in the number of convictions after the entering into force of the Penal Code of 1961 and its amendment of 1971. Accompanied by intermittent drops in the amnesty years and in the years when provisions that modified the Penal Code entered into force. An increase in the number of convictions after the entering into force of the Penal Code of 1978. The rate of convictions per 100,000 of the population in 1984 was 2'5 times higher than in 1952, but not much lower than the 1961 rate. The rise in crime in the recent years is also evident in the available data from the police and public prosecutor's statistics. The number of reported offences went up by one-third in the period 1965-1985 and has a constant upward trend. Among the offences reported most numerous are offences against property (about 60 per cent of all reported offences), traffic offences (about 12-13 per cent), offences against public order (hooliganism and parasitism in particular), and offences against person (about 7-8 per cent).  As compared with 1965, the number of burglaries was 3.5 times as big in the eighties, and the number of robberies - 7 . times. The number of traffic offences increased by over one-third as well. Also offences against person reveal a small upward trend, with the number of homicides being stable. However, the number of homicides in Hungary has for many years been considerably larger than the mean European figure (mean homicide rate per 100,000 of the population amounting to 3.8 in the years 1979--1983). The rise in crime concerned financial offences also (offences against the foreign currency exchange regulations, against customs regulations, tax offences) which are included in ,the group of offences against the national economy. The penal policy of the Hungarian courts has rather frequently been subject to spectacular transformations. In the early seventies, stabilization was achieved in this policy which manifested itself by a limited application of unconditional deprivation of liberty and by a broad use of fine and other measures not involving deprivation of liberty. However, the rise in crime in the eighties influenced a more frequent application of unconditional deprivation of liberty, which resulted in the growth of prison population. In 1979, the number of persons deprived of liberty amounted to 16,764 (157 per 100,000 of the population), while in 1984 the respective number was 21,884 (205 per 100.000 of the population). In Hungary, conditional suspension of the execution of the penalty of deprivation- of liberty is not as popular as in other European socialist countries. For every fifth convicted person, the execution of penalty is suspended. In 1973, the courts for the- first time passed a greater number of fines (48.8 per cent) than prison sentences (43.9 per cent). In the-following years, the share of fines in the structure of penalties even exceeded 50 per cent. However, after entering into force of the new Penal code, an unexpected drop in the number of fines took place things to the which was due among other fact that some of the  petty offences were removed from the Penal Code , and that a new penal measure without deprivation of liberty, i.e. probation, was introduced. In 1983, the share of fines dropped to 40 per cent of all sentences. The Hungarian courts were most reluctant to apply the penalty of corrective and educational work as soon as the penalty was introduced in 1950. For a dozen-odd years the share of this penalty in all penalties imposed never exceeded 10 per cent. After the 1961 Penal Code was introduced the penalty of corrective and educational work  showed an upward trend (up to 15,8 per cent in 1964), but later on started to fall up, to 4 per cent in 1983. In the years 1962 -1983. common courts sentenced 105 persons to death penalty, for qualified homicide in the vast majority of cases. Since 1968, this penalty has been applied exlusively towards the perpetrators of homicide. In 1984, the extent of reported crime in Hungary was similar to that found in Poland (1, 470 per 100,000 o0f the population); however, in Hungary the response to the rise in crime has been in general much more balanced and quiet.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1987, XIV; 43-95
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

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