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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    State Immunity and War Crimes: the Polish Supreme Court on the Natoniewski Case
    Autorzy:
    Kaldunski, Michal
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706713.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    STATE IMMUNITY
    WAR CRIMES
    Opis:
    The article critically assesses the decision of the Polish Supreme Court in Natoniewski v. Federal Republic of Germany. It argues that the decision as such reflects contemporary international law practice. Consequently, the holding of the Supreme Court that State immunity is applicable to acts de iure imperii committed on the territory of the forum State during an armed conflict even though they may amount to war crimes seems to be correct. This conclusion also means that the Court refused to engage in law-making activity by declining to endorse interpretation, which would permit to reject State immunity by attaching superior importance to human rights. Although the article recognizes that the reasoning of the Supreme Court as well as the choice of arguments is well-balanced and convincing, it also identifies certain instances in which the Court is not entirely persuasive. In the opinion of the author, one of the most important drawbacks in the reasoning relates to the characterization of State immunity as a procedural, rather than substantive, issue.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2010, 30; 236-262
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    State Immunity and the Right of Access to Court. The Natoniewski Case before the Polish Courts
    Autorzy:
    Nowosielski, Roman
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706747.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    ECHR
    ETCHR
    STATE IMMUNITY
    Opis:
    On 29 October 2007, Winicjusz Natoniewski filed the lawsuit against the Federal Republic of Germany in the Circuit Court in Gdansk (Poland), demanding a payment of PLN 1,000,000 as a redress for injuries he suffered as a result of activities of the German military forces during World War II. The Circuit Court, Appellate Court and the Supreme Court rejected the lawsuit stating that the State immunity of the Federal Republic of Germany excluded the jurisdiction of Polish courts in this case and thereby deprived Natoniewski of the right to dignity guaranteed by Polish, European, and international law. The actions taken by German forces in the Natoniewski case constitute a war crime and a crime against humanity. In the case of such serious crimes, a State cannot invoke its immunity. The infringement of fundamental human rights entails the withdrawal of all benefits and privileges provided by international law, and thus is an implied waiver of the State immunity. This consequence results from the principle that no one can benefit from his/her unlawful conduct. Granting immunity to a State in case of international crimes committed by the State is contrary to the foundations of international law and it destroys the values which are the most important for the international community.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2010, 30; 236-262
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Execution on an Embassy Bank Account
    Autorzy:
    Wyrozumska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706854.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    enforcement of judgement
    international law
    jurisdiction
    immunity
    Opis:
    Recently Polish courts have started to attach bank accounts of foreign embassies for the purpose of enforcement of judgements against embassies of foreign States in e.g. employment cases. The courts have applied the same principle to jurisdictional State immunity and immunity from enforcement and recognized that if state activities giving rise to the claims examined by courts were of private-law character, they are not protected either by jurisdictional or enforcement immunity. This standpoint is contrary to the dominant trend in other states’ practice, confirmed by the International Court of Justice in 2012 (Germany v. Italy: Greece Intervening). While in the field of jurisdictional immunity, the nature of an act as iure imperii or iure gestionis is decisive, in a case of immunity from enforcement – the allocation of the property against which enforcement measures are sought. Embassy bank accounts are generally covered by immunity from enforcement. In this situation Polish courts should develop convincing and exhaustive reasons why it is necessary for the protection of an individual to overrule the ne impediatur legatio principle. The judgements are not sufficiently reasoned and there is no good argument to support this stance. They expose Poland to international liability.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 75-87
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Germany et al. v. Philipp et al.: human rights exception to state immunity rejected
    Autorzy:
    Gubrynowicz, Aleksander
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143012.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    domestic taking
    FSIA
    jurisdictional immunities
    Philipp et al.
    state immunity
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2020, 40; 243-253
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    What are the Principles of International Law Applicable to the Resolution of Sovereign Debt Crises?
    Autorzy:
    de Jonge, Alice
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706841.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    sovereign debt crises
    debt moratorium
    exchange control
    bankruptcy
    state immunity
    international law
    Opis:
    This article explores the accepted and emerging international law principles applicable to the resolution of sovereign debt crises. The need for agreement on a set of guiding principles and mechanisms for resolving such crises is highlighted. The history of debt moratoriums, exchange controls and bailouts as instruments for dealing with sovereign debt crises is first outlined. The article then turns to an examination of alternatives to these policy options. Both market based and statutory approaches to sovereign debt restructuring are examined. The article ends with recommendations on a set of guiding principles for choosing between the various policy options available when a sovereign debt crisis is threatened.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 129-168
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Świadek koronny jako instytucja dowodowa oraz źródło informacji o przestępczości zorganizowanej
    Immunity Witness as an Evidence Institution and a Source of Information on Organised Crime
    Autorzy:
    Rau, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698981.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    świadek koronny
    przestępczość zorganizowana
    prawo karne
    zorganizowane grupy przestępcze
    immunity witness
    penal law
    organised crime groups
    organised crime
    Opis:
    The author presents some practical aspects of the functioning of the immunity witness institution following the seven years of its existence in the Polish legal system. The paper contains an analysis of doctrinal as well as practical problems deriving directly from the utilisation of testimonies made by immunity witnesses. It is based on the results of research conducted using materials regarding the process of choosing candidates for immunity witnesses, as well as documents from criminal investigations and cases in courts where that institution was used. The author presents an analysis of police operational work during the process of choosing immunity witness candidates whose testimonies then shape the investigation as well as other evidence acquired during court hearings. It is compared with opinions expressed by judges, public prosecutors and police officers involved in the work with immunity witnesses at diffrrent stages of criminal procedure (e.g. receiving testimonies) and the immunity witness protection programme (e.g. physical protection of a witness). A consideration of these two aspects ensures a comprehensive diagnosis of that institution. There are two fundamental questions related to the subject matter: is the evidence effective in the Polish penal law? And is the evidence really necessary and useful in every respect?
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2006, XXVIII; 313-330
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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