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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Consolidation or Fragmentation? European Competition Law in the EU Air Transport Sector: A Policy Analysis
    Autorzy:
    Kociubiński, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706610.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-07-25
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    EU, competition law, European Union law, air transport sector, antitrust law, merger control, state aid
    Opis:
    This article analyses the priorities of European competition law in the air transport sector in the light of the ongoing process of the industry’s consolidation. The oligopolistic nature of the airline business results in a natural tendency towards its concentration. From the standpoint of regulatory oversight, the question is how to manage or counteract this tendency in order to achieve defined policy goals. In this vein, European competition law has departed from the model whereby the competitive process in itself is the priority and turned to an instrumental approach, with preference given to the welfare of customers. This analysis will highlight three policy areas relevant to the discussed subject. It begins with antitrust law, with special emphasis on the sector-specific phenomenon of airline alliances; then discusses merger control, especially in the context of pro-competitive remedies, and finally State aid, with particular focus on the effects of the compensatory scaling-down of operations which are imposed on recipients of a rescue and restructuring aid grant.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 189-203
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Scrutiny over the Rule of Law in the European Union
    Autorzy:
    Bárd, Petra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706784.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    democracy
    European Union
    fundamental rights
    Hungary
    Polska
    rule of law
    Opis:
    The European Union is founded on a set of common principles of democracy, the rule of law, and fundamental rights, as enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on the European Union. Whereas future Member States are vetted for their compliance with these values before they accede to the Union, no similar method exists to supervise respect of these foundational principles after accession. This gap needs to be filled, since history proved that EU Member State governments’ adherence to foundational EU values cannot be taken for granted. Against this background this article assesses the need and possibilities for the establishment of an EU Scoreboard on EU values; viable strategies and procedures to regularly monitor all Member States’ compliance with the rule of law on an equal and objective basis; and the nature of effective and dissuasive sanction mechanisms foreseen for rule of law violators.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2016, 36; 187-208
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    International Economic Law in the 21st Century: Need for Stronger “Democratic Ownership” and Cosmopolitan Reforms
    Autorzy:
    Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    international economic law
    human rights
    EU
    European Union
    WTO
    justice
    Opis:
    Most worldwide monetary, financial, trade and environmental agreements fail to protect international public goods (like prevention of climate change, transnational rule of law for the benefit of citizens) effectively and do not even mention human rights and consumer welfare. This contribution argues that the prevailing “Westphalian conceptions” of international economic law (IEL) as “international law among states”, “global administrative law”, multilevel economic regulation and international “conflicts law” must be “civilized” and “constitutionalized” by limiting multilevel governance through legal and judicial protection of cosmopolitan rights empowering citizens – as “democratic owners of IEL” – to hold their government agents more accountable for their obvious “governance failures”. Sections 1 to 10 discuss ten areas of IEL where the need for stronger protection of human rights is increasingly recognized. Sections 11 and 12 infer from the citizen-driven transformations of international investment law and European common market law that “market failures”, “governance failures” and related abuses of public and private power in international economic relations can be limited by empowering citizens and “courts of justice” to protect transnational rule of law for the benefit of citizens. The article criticizes the EU institutions for their nondemocratic assertion of “freedoms to violate international law” to the detriment of EU citizens, and discusses the links between the current financial and economic growth crises in the European Monetary Union and the persistent violations by most EU countries of their agreed fiscal and debt legal disciplines. If the main objective of law is to “institutionalize public reason” protecting citizens and their human rights, IEL requires far-reaching cosmopolitan reforms in the 21st century.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2011, 31; 9-46
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ochrona informacji poufnych pracodawcy w świetle dyrektywy nr 2016/943/UE z 8 czerwca 2016 roku
    Autorzy:
    Szewczyk, Helena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788223.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-03-30
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    informacje niejawne/poufne
    pracodawca
    ochrona prawna
    dyrektywy
    prawo Unii Europejskiej
    dyrektywa (UE) 2016/943
    ochrona nieujawnionego know-how
    ochrona informacji biznesowych (tajemnice handlowe)
    classified / confidential information
    employer
    legal protection
    directive
    European Union law
    directive (EU) 2016/943
    protection of undisclosed know-how
    protection of business information (trade secrets)
    Opis:
    The regulations of new Directive (EU) 2016/943 of 8 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure provide employers as the holders of trade secrets with a higher level of legal protection. Employers will have protective measures against the disclosure of employer's secrets at their disposal, which are laid down in Labour Code and in Unfair Competition Act. This Directive stipulates that data constituting the trade secret are not widely known or easily accessible to people who work in a given trade and process this type of information on a daily basis. This secret may constitute every confidential piece of information that the employer considers to have any, even potential, commercial value. However, the domestic law still does not provide a sufficient level of protection of employers-whistle blowers, that is people who inform about irregularities in the company. Therefore, the introduction of special legal protection of whistle blowers will be an absolute innovation. To that end, the legislator should state in the labour law the boundaries of protection of whistle blowers who act in good faith, having regard to public interest protection and employer’s interests.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2017, 1 (209); 93-118
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The execution of European Arrest Warrants issued by Polish courts in the context of the CJEU Rule of Law case law
    Autorzy:
    Saganek, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Court of Justice of the European Union
    European Arrest Warrant
    EAW
    Polska
    rule of law
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2020, 40; 275-295
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ Konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych o umowach międzynarodowej sprzedaży towarów na prawo Unii Europejskiej w zakresie sprzedaży konsumenckiej
    Autorzy:
    Błaszczyk, Cezary
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788203.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-09-03
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    konwencja wiedeńska
    Konwencja Narodów Zjednoczonych o umowach międzynarodowej sprzedaży towarów
    ONZ
    umowa międzynarodowa
    sprzedaż konsumencka
    prawo Unii Europejskiej
    zagadnienia kolizyjnoprawne
    obrót gospodarczy międzynarodowy
    obrót towarowy
    United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
    CISG
    Vienna Convention
    United Nations
    UN
    treaty
    consumer sale
    European Union law
    international turnover
    trade goods
    Opis:
    The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (the so-called Vienna Convention, CISG) is considered one of the most important and influential private law acts of the past decades. The most compelling evidence of the impact of the CISG is the European private law. It is especially evident in case of consumer sales law of the European Union. The Consumer Sales Directive (99/44) and, to some extent, even the Directive on Consumer Rights (2011/83/EC) were based on principles and institutions derived from the CISG. The most important influences are of course the objective liability of a debtor and the institution of conformity of the goods; however, even the basic terms (such as “conformity of goods” and “non-conformity of goods”) are defined per analogiam. And even though European legislator did not borrow from the CISG its’ concept of the fundamental breach of contract, the further cases of CISG’s impact are seen in cases of Nachfrist and remedies available to the parties of a contract. Since European consumer sales law is one of the most important spheres of EU interests and influences national civil law systems, CISG may easily be described as the model and backbone of future private law harmonization.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2014, 3 (199); 29-51
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zakres związania państw członkowskich Kartą Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej w kontekście stosowania prawa karnego (uwagi na tle orzecznictwa TSUE)
    Autorzy:
    Szwarc, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788235.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-04-04
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej
    implementacja prawa unijnego
    implementation of EU law
    Court of Justice of the European Union
    Opis:
    The article focuses on the recent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the context of the national criminal laws of the Member States, concerning the scope of application of the Charter. Drawing conclusions from this jurisprudence the Author answers the question when the Member State is 'implementing Union law' in the meaning of Article 51(1) of the Charter in the criminal law context. It is considered that Member States implement Union law when interpreting framework decisions (Lanigan, JZ, Vilkas), when assessing the conformity of the national measures with framework decisions (Jeremy F., Radu), when executing judgements in the framework of the mutual recognition (Aranyosi and Caldararu) and when assuring the effectiveness of EU law by enacting criminal sanctions (Tarrico). In addition, in some situations Member States may be considered to be implementing Union law while enacting national measures which may affect the rights derived from Union law (Delvigne). It is assumed in the article that CJEU is often called to strike the fair balance between the different (and sometimes diverging) interests of three categories of actors: interests of individuals (to have their fundamental rights protected), interests of Member States (to exercise ius puniendi) and interests of the European Union as a whole (to ensure effectivess of EU law).
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2017, 3 (211); 47-79
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Counter-limits doctrine in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal (until 2015)
    Autorzy:
    Wróbel, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788261.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-04-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    consistent interpretation
    supranational organisation
    European Union
    Constitutional Tribunal
    counter-limits doctrine
    constitutional identity
    supremacy of the constitution
    supremacy of the EU-law
    secondary legislation
    Solange-Case law
    Opis:
    The analysis herein, while mainly descriptive, presents the main foundations of the Constitutional Tribunal’s jurisprudence in matters of hierarchical control of the constitutionality of laws concerning the EU. It distinguishes some principles, concepts and constitutional theories which, according to the Constitutional Tribunal, set the limits of European integration. The main thesis of the paper is that, in this context, the basic and decisive rule is the supremacy of the Constitution, which does not have exceptions or limitations. A hypothesis was also formulated that the Solange II maxim does not reflect the actual state of European constitutionalism, in which the level of protection of fundamental rights is significantly increased while possible collisions between the level of protection of fundamental rights in the EU and the Member States should be solved by means of the clauses provided in Articles 51–54 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2018, 3 (215); 7-35
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sprawiedliwe przygotowanie decyzji według ReNEUAL Modelu kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego Unii Europejskiej
    Autorzy:
    Ostojski, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788178.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    ReNEUAL
    Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego Unii Europejskiej
    k.p.a.
    postępowanie administracyjne
    Unia Europejska
    sprawiedliwość
    Research Network on EU Administrative Law
    Administrative Proceeding Code
    European Union
    administrative proceedings
    justice
    Opis:
    The subject of the article this paper is the theoretical analysis of the concept of procedural fairness, as well as analysis of the dogmatic institutions contained in ReNEUAL Model Code of Administrative Procedure of the European Union. The aim of the pape ris the verification of the thesis that ReNEUAL proposes a procedure which allows to issue a decision which will fullfill of the principles of procedural fairness. The results of the analisysy indicate the given project respects to the greatest possible extent, in the area of issuing the decision, the principle of procedural fairness. The creators of the project – representatives of the doctrine of administrative law of the Member States of the EU – understand the concept of fair preparation of the decision in the proceedings, which is described in the Book III of the Model. on the one hand, as a high standards of protection of individual rights, and on the other, as the guarantee of effectiveness, efficiency and orientation to the public service in the field of administrative bodies. Creators of the project gathered, systematised and perfected in the draft of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Union previously developed standards of administrative procedures of the Member States. In the case of multiple solutions ReNEUAL is innovative.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze; 2016, 2 (206); 31-47
    0039-3312
    2719-4302
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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