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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    O zwalczaniu żebractwa i włóczęgostwa w II Rzeczypospolitej (1918–1939). Studium historycznoprawne
    On the Fight against Beggary and Vagrancy within the Second Republic of Poland (1918–1939). A legal and historical study
    Autorzy:
    Janicka, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698827.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    prawo karne XIX–XX w.
    historia nauki prawa karnego
    zwalczanie żebractwa
    zwalczanie włóczęgostwa
    środki zabezpieczające
    criminal law of 19th–20th century
    history of criminal law science
    combating of beggary
    combating of vagrancy
    protective measures
    Opis:
    The subject of this article is the legal issues related to combating beggary and vagrancy in Poland during the interwar period. The author presents and compares the Russian, Prussian (and later German), and Austrian criminal rules which were in force in Poland in the 19th and early 20th centuries. She clarifies how the partitioning states ordered beggars and vagrants to be punished on Polish land. The author explains that many representatives of the Polish legal doctrine and legal practice expressed the view that these ‘dregs of society’ suffer from psychophysical degeneration. She analyses when and how the issue of begging and vagrancy came to be of interest to the legislature in the Second Polish Republic. The author assesses the anti-begging rules issued in interwar Poland as quite strict and repressive. She presents not only legal provisions and doctrinal views, but also statistical data from 1924–33.
    Przedmiotem artykułu są zagadnienia prawne związane ze zwalczaniem żebractwa i włóczęgostwa w Polsce międzywojennej. Autorka przedstawia i porównuje przepisy prawa karnego rosyjskiego, pruskiego (a potem niemieckiego) i austriackiego, które obowiązywały na ziemiach polskich w XIX i na początku XX w. Ocenia, w jaki sposób państwa zaborcze polecały karać żebraków i włóczęgów na ziemiach polskich. Autorka wyjaśnia, że wielu przedstawicieli polskiej doktryny prawa oraz praktyki prawnej wyrażało pogląd, że omawiana kategoria ludzi z marginesu społecznego cierpi na degenerację psychofizyczną. Autorka analizuje także, kiedy i w jaki sposób zagadnienie żebractwa i włóczęgostwa stało się przedmiotem działalności ustawodawcy II Rzeczypospolitej. Oprócz przepisów prawnych i poglądów doktryny autorka prezentuje dane statystyczne z lat 1924–1933.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2019, XLI/1; 465-495
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza uwarunkowań i mechanizmów niezbędnych do zwiększenia skuteczności działań służb w realizacji zadań ustawowych w obszarze handlu ludźmi
    Overview of the Conditions and Procedural Measures Deemed Necessary to Increase the Overall Effectiveness of the State Law Enforcement Bodies in Combating Human Trafficking
    Autorzy:
    Namysłowska-Gabrysiak, Barbara
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698648.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    handel ludźmi
    działania służb w realizacji zadań ustawowych w obszarze handlu ludźmi
    kryminologia
    combating human trafficking
    human trafficking
    Opis:
    The study aims to address the various procedural measures whose development at different levels of national legislation, as well as at the institutional level of state law enforcement agencies, may contribute both to preventing and combating human trafficking more effectively. The overall effectiveness of prosecuting the actual perpetrators of this crime and effective protection of its victims depends primarily on adopting adequate legal instruments, and secondly, on the actual organization of work within the law enforcement bodies directly responsible for preventing and combating human trafficking, i.e. the State Prosecuting Service, the Police, and the Border Guard, whereas ensuring adequate protection of the victims also falls within the statutory remit of the judicial institutions, first and foremost, the common courts of law. With this in mind, the study discusses several select legal instruments pertaining to the prosecution of perpetrators and the system of victims protection, in conjunction with an assessment of their effective application in everyday practice. At the same time, the study attempts to address the proposed procedural measures deemed necessary to boost the overall effectiveness of the state law enforcement bodies in pursuing their statutory objectives with regard to human trafficking at large. Due to the space constraints, only those measures which are currently deemed to pose by far the biggest challenges, as well as those believed to create barriers to effective combating of human trafficking are addressed. In terms of the overall efficiency of the prosecution services, the present study discusses the results of other studies focused on practical application of the legal definition of human trafficking, as per the provisions of Article 189a, § 1 of the Polish Penal Code in conjunction with the provisions of Article 115, § 22 of the Polish Penal Code, as well as the actual modus operandi of the perpetrators, and also those favoured by various crime syndicates involved in human trafficking for business purposes. As far as the standards of victims protection are concerned, the study focuses on their presentation in terms of human rights, and the active obligation of the respective countries to ensure both legally and actually effective protection for the victims of this crime, in particular the standards applied to their identification, as strongly highlighted in the literature on the subject. Furthermore, the general body of knowledge and overall awareness of all state law enforcement agencies with regard to the individual components of human trafficking is also given due prominence. Those comprise, first and foremost, violence against women, secondary victimization, gender stigma, especially in the case of sexual exploitation, the overall cultural and social context, migration, and respective socio-economic status of the victims. Making the law enforcement agencies and the judiciary more aware of the existence of those components is essential to improving and enhancing their overall effectiveness in the pursuit of their statutory obligations, particularly with regard to ensuring that an effective system of victims protection is put in place.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 125-139
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dobre praktyki Francji i Rosji w zakresie zwalczania przestępczości granicznej oraz zorganizowanej z udziałem cudzoziemców
    Good Practices in France and Russia in Combating Border Offences and Organized Crime Involving Foreign Nationals
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Perkowska, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    zwalczanie przestępczości granicznej
    zwalczanie przestępczości zorganizowanej
    cudzoziemcy
    kryminologia
    Francja
    Rosja
    combating border offences
    border offences
    organized crime
    foreign nationals
    France
    Russia
    Opis:
    The paper addresses the issues of appropriateness and overall effectiveness of endeavours undertaken by selected countries (France and Russia) in the area of preventing, combating, and reducing illegal migration and criminality of foreign nationals. Analyses of the overall body of experience gained by those countries, often struggling with far more serious problems than ours, make it possible to highlight a variety of approaches to the issues under study, along with identifying new, frequently more effective ways of resolving them. In the section dealing with the French solutions, the author focused on those that are aimed specifically at preventing and combating illegal migration, mainly in the form of illegal residence in France. This is due to the fact that criminal offences committed by foreign nationals in France comprise primarily those related to illegal residence or illegal entry into the country. An in-depth review of the available instruments, mainly on the basis of specific regulations comprised in the Code of Entry and Residence of Foreign Nationals, in conjunction with the provisions regulating their right to claim political asylum, allowed to identify certain specific French solutions which might well be deemed good practices, with a view to having them considered for a prospective transposition into the Polish legal system, specifically into administrative and criminal law. When assessing the French regulations in terms of good practices, it appears prudent to consider their prospective transposition into Polish criminal or administrative law, especially with regard to the following areas. First of all, one would need to consider the option of imposing a lifetime ban on the entry into Poland for committing an offence related to illegal migration, but also with regard to other common offences. It is essential in terms of combating illegal migration, to have any individual conduct involving aiding or facilitating a third party’s illegal border crossing, contravening the law regulating the length of residence, or illegal residence in other countries of the Schengen Area, or in other EU Member States, duly criminalized, and not on the territory of Poland only. Another key solution at hand consists in the option to impose a ban on residence in France, also issued in the form of an administrative decision by the Minister of Internal Affairs, which might also apply to those individuals who are not currently residing in France, or those who have never held such residence do date, whereas might be deemed potential threat to public order. In the section dealing with Russia, the author aimed to address specific projects designed to combat illegal migration of foreign nationals and criminality at large (including organized crime) undertaken in that country. It was established that the Russian Federation was actively involved in combating both phenomena. In terms of preventing and reducing illegal immigration into the Russian Federation, several specific projects have been undertaken. In particular, The Concept of State Migration Policy for 2025 was developed, which sets out the objectives, principles, tasks, key directions, and specific constraints in the implementation of state migration policy across the country. It emphasises the need for the introduction of a number of modifications of legal, organizational and social nature, aimed specifically to radically restructure a number of areas within overall state migration policy. Several amendments were made to the Russian Penal Code of 1996, pertaining to illegal border crossings, organizing illegal migration, and others, as well as to the Code of Administrative Breaches of the Law of 2001 (i.e. a series of offences in breach of border security, visa procedures, etc.).
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 113-124
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A New Chapter in the EU Counterterrorism Policy? The Main Changes Introduced by the Directive 2017/541 on Combating Terrorism
    Autorzy:
    MaliszewskaNienartowicz, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706692.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    combating terrorism in the EU
    Decision 2002/475/JHA
    Directive 2017/541
    foreign terrorist fighters
    protection of terrorism victims
    terrorist offences
    the Council Framework
    Opis:
    Taking into account that terrorism has grown in recent years, the EU institutions decided to update the legal framework which provides for fighting this phenomenon. Consequently, the Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA was replaced by the EU Directive 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council on combating terrorism, which should be implemented by the Member States by 8 September 2018. This new act contains a long list of terrorist offences, offences related to a terrorist group, and offences related to terrorist activities. It also stipulates penal sanctions for terrorist offences and provides measures of protection, support and assistance for terrorism victims. This article is a commentary on these groups of provisions and compares them to the previously binding ones. Thus, it indicates the legal changes introduced by the Directive which have to be taken into account by the Member States while implementing it. The comparison of these new provisions with the previously binding ones is also helpful in answering the question posed in the title: Can the Directive 2017/541 be treated as a new chapter in combating terrorism by the European Union?
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 185-201
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Więzienia dla nieletnich w opinii menedżerów więziennictwa
    Opinions of Prison Managers on Juvenile Prisons
    Autorzy:
    Stępniak, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698722.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    nieletni
    przestępczość nieletnich
    polityka kryminalna
    więzienia
    Francja
    Polska
    komparatystyka
    system penitencjarny
    juveniles
    juvenile prisons
    policy of combating criminality by penal measures
    penitentiary system
    France
    Polska
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 431-443
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Forced labour – well-hidden mechanisms of dependence and enslavement
    Praca przymusowa – ukryte mechanizmy zależności i zniewolenia
    Autorzy:
    Lasocik, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375714.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-05-27
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    labour
    forced labour
    new definition of forced labour
    combating forced labour
    cultural taboo
    social communication
    praca
    praca przymusowa
    nowa definicja pracy przymusowej
    zwalczanie pracy przymusowej
    kulturowe tabu
    komunikacja społeczna
    Opis:
    Forced labour is a social phenomenon which is difficult to comprehend and accept due to its exceptional nature. The existing legal definition is not very helpful. This article reflects on a different approach to understanding forced labour and a different operational definition of the phenomenon. The starting point is to look at forced labour from the perspective of social pragmatism and symbolic interactionism by referring to the humanistic coefficient, a concept developed one hundred years ago. Using the experience of Poland in unsuccessful attempts to deal with forced labour, but also referring to global experiences in that field, this article attempts to define the phenomenon in the context of work in general. The key question that arises here is this that if work is a noble and socially visible phenomenon, how is it then that forced labour is almost completely invisible, not only to people, but also to law enforcement? It is suggested in this text that forced labour, burdened with a strong social taboo, is hidden behind a façade of the nobility of labour. At the end of the article, there is a proposal for a new analytical scheme with which the phenomenon can be described in a completely different language than that of criminal justice.   Praca przymusowa jest zjawiskiem społecznym, które ze względu na swój wyjątkowy charakter jest trudne do zrozumienia i zaakceptowania. Istniejąca definicja prawna nie jest szczególnie pomocna. W artykule przedstawione jest inne podejście do rozumienia pracy przymusowej oraz nieco inna, ale operacyjna definicja tego zjawiska. Punktem wyjścia jest spojrzenie na pracę przymusową z perspektywy społecznego pragmatyzmu i symbolicznego interakcjonizmu, odwołujące się do koncepcji współczynnika humanistycznego, wypracowanej sto lat temu. Patrząc na doświadczenia Polski, tzn. nieudane próby radzenia sobie z problemem pracy przymusowej, ale także na podobne doświadczenia w skali globalnej, podejmuję próbę zdefiniowania samego zjawiska – jako takiego, ale także w kontekście pracy w ogóle. Kluczowe pytanie, które się pojawia, brzmi: praca jest zjawiskiem szlachetnym i społecznie widocznym, więc jak to jest, że praca przymusowa jest tak mało widoczna dla ludzi, ale także dla organów ścigania? Stawiam tezę, że praca przymusowa, obciążona silnym społecznym tabu, skrywa się za fasadą pracy, jako zjawiska wyjątkowo godnego i szlachetnego. W końcowej części artykułu pojawia się propozycja nowego schematu analitycznego, który pozwoli opisać  zjawisko pracy przymusowej, zupełnie innym językiem niż język wymiaru sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych, ale przed wszystkim, jako fenomen społeczny.
    Forced labour is a social phenomenon which is difficult to comprehend and accept due to its exceptional nature. The existing legal definition is not very helpful. This article reflects on a different approach to understanding forced labour and a different operational definition of the phenomenon. The starting point is to look at forced labour from the perspective of social pragmatism and symbolic interactionism by referring to the humanistic coefficient, a concept developed one hundred years ago. Using the experience of Poland in unsuccessful attempts to deal with forced labour, but also referring to global experiences in that field, this article attempts to define the phenomenon in the context of work in general. The key question that arises here is this that if work is a noble and socially visible phenomenon, how is it then that forced labour is almost completely invisible, not only to people, but also to law enforcement? It is suggested in this text that forced labour, burdened with a strong social taboo, is hidden behind a façade of the nobility of labour. At the end of the article, there is a proposal for a new analytical scheme with which the phenomenon can be described in a completely different language than that of criminal justice.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2021, XLIII/1; 271-294
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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