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    Tytuł:
    Austria w polskiej polityce bezpieczeństwa w latach 1918–1926
    Autorzy:
    Alabrudzińska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1628430.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-23
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Austria
    Polska
    polityka bezpieczeństwa
    stosunki polsko-austriackie
    bezpieczeństwo państwa
    dyplomacja polska
    Polska
    security policy
    Polish-Austrian relations
    state’s security
    Polish diplomacy
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest ustalenie znaczenia Austrii w polityce bezpieczeństwa RP w latach 1918–1926. Przeprowadzona analiza stosunków dwustronnych ma wykazać, czy Polska traktowała Austrię jako potencjalnego sojusznika, czy jednak w większym stopniu jako zagrożenie. Groźba utraty niepodległości przez Austrię była uznawana przez władze polskie za czynnik zagrożenia systemu wersalskiego, którego nienaruszalność stanowiła kamień węgielny polityki bezpieczeństwa RP. Paradoksalnie to słabość Austrii decydowała o jej dużym znaczeniu w polityce bezpieczeństwa Polski.
    The article aims to determine the importance of Austria for Poland’s security policy in 1918–1926. The Polish authorities considered the threat of a loss of independence by Austria as a factor threatening the Versailles system, the inviolability of which was the cornerstone of the Polish security policy. An analysis of the bilateral relations conducted by the author is to reveal whether Poland regarded Austria as a potential ally or more as a threat. Paradoxically, it was Austria’s weakness that determined the great importance of this state in Poland’s security policy.
    Źródło:
    Dzieje Najnowsze; 2021, 53, 2; 5-18
    0419-8824
    Pojawia się w:
    Dzieje Najnowsze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Facing the Old Believers. The Experience of Austrian and Prussian Officials in Bukovina and Neuostpreussen
    Autorzy:
    Jakubowski, Melchior
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131454.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-01-19
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Old Believers
    Bukovina
    Neuostpreussen
    Austria
    Prussia
    Enlightenment
    Opis:
    This paper discusses the interactions and confrontations of the Austrian and Prussian officials with the religious community of the Russian Old Believers. They took place in two European regions: Bukovina (nowadays divided between Romania and Ukraine) and Neuostpreussen (nowadays divided between Poland and Lithuania) beginning at the end of the eighteenth century. The author discusses the officials’ associations and misunderstandings regarding the Old Believers. The authorities could not easily distinguish the Old Believers from the Orthodox Christians and had problems recognising their language. In many cases, improper data resulted in failed actions. There was a constant tension between the positive assessment of the Old Believers’ diligence and their refusal to fulfil the requirements of the state, like an oath-taking, military service, metrical registration, or inns’ building. The consequent resistance of the communities was often stronger than the administrative enforcement, thus revealing the limits of the modern enlightened bureaucracy in practice in the countryside.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2021, 122; 247-275
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    National Liberals and their Progeny. Approaching the Peculiar Developments in Central European Liberal Party Traditions, 1867–1918
    Autorzy:
    Mulej, Oskar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601517.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    liberalism
    nationalism
    Austria-Hungary
    political parties
    political traditions
    Opis:
    This paper addresses patterns of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century structural and ideological transformations of liberalism in Central European party politics that might be perceived as region-specific. Focusing on the Czech, German, and Slovene speaking lands of the Cisleithanian half of the Habsburg Monarchy, it also shortly discusses the Imperial German, Hungarian and Polish Galician contexts. Perhaps the most striking aspect of the complex interplay between ideologies, organized political movements, and political languages within the context of rapidly changing political cultures during the last third of the nineteenth century and first quarter of the twentieth was the changing relationship between the national and liberal components within the national liberal traditions. By 1900 the national came to visibly prevail over the liberal: nationalism was gaining in strength and intensity and was adopting new, more aggressive and integralist forms. From the turn of the century onwards it is therefore more proper to talk about heirs of liberalism in terms of party politics rather than simply liberals. The nationalist turn of the Central European national liberals and their political heirs, reached its peak by the turn of the century and continued to develop further into the interwar period. Partial abandonment of classical liberal tenets largely distinguished the contemporary organized liberalism to the West as well. What makes the Central European developments specific in this regard is their direction, which unlike the emergence of currents of new or social liberalism in the West, to a notable degree led towards adoption of anti-liberal and radically nationalist positions and therefore partial vanishing of liberal traditions.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2015, 111
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Securing Own Position: Challenges Faced by Local Elites after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise
    Autorzy:
    Székely, Tamás
    Csernus-Lukács, Szilveszter
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601623.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    security
    securitisation
    nationalism
    minorities
    Hungary
    Austria-Hungary
    Habsburg empire
    Opis:
    The multi-ethnic regions of the Habsburg Monarchy became increasingly perceived as places of instability and insecurity after the rise of competing national movements in the mid-nineteenth century. The antagonism between local national elites culminated after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, as all pursued a course aimed at securing a favourable position. As actors of security, the local elites often and typically declared themselves and their respective nations to be existentially threatened and therefore with a legitimate claim to survive the challenges brought on by modern times. To investigate the security dilemmas of the local elites in two different regions of Austria-Hungary – namely in three city municipalities in Bács-Bodrog county in Southern Hungary; and in Vas, Sopron and Moson counties in western Hungary – this study combines methods of historical discourse analysis with approaches taken from security and nationalism studies as well as regional and local history.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2020, 121
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Politycy galicyjscy wobec sytuacji wewnętrznej w Austro‑Węgrzech w końcu pierwszej wojny światowej (1917‑1918)
    Autorzy:
    Gruchała, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653731.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Wojna światowa (1914-1918)
    Austria
    polityka i rządy 1867-1918
    Politycy Galicja (region)
    Opis:
    Galicia politicians to the internal situation in Austria‑Hungary at the end of World War I.(1917‑1918)The Austro‑Polish orientation adopted by almost all Polish parties in Galicia evoked their interest in the internal situation in the western part of the Habsburg Monarchy, Przedlitawia. It caused a considerable influence on the international position of the Monarchy, especially on its relationship with the German Empire, which represented a great importance of the position for the authorities in Vienna to the Polish case.The increase of Galician politicians’ interest in the internal situation of Przedlitawia occurred in 1917 when the Polish case became an international issue, and the State Council convention brought an escalation of the national aspirations of Czechs and southern Slavs, which evolved towards independence. Polish envoys dissociated themselves from demands made by the representatives of these nations, because the realization of the demands could only occur in the case of a change of a constitutional and political structure of Austria‑Hungary. Particularly, this applied to the postulate of the connection of Slovakia to the Czech state. Such position of the Polish Circle enabled the cooperation with the Slav envoys. Hopes for the realization of the Austro‑Polish solution and fears against the support of the Vienna government and the German parties for the Ukrainian efforts of Galicia contributed to such position. All this meant that even after the Treaty of Brest‑Litovsk Galician envoys with the exception of the National Democrats and the Socialists did not join the opposition.This was accompanied by a negative attitude towards the demands of German political parties. Their efforts to strengthen the alliance between Austria‑Hungary and Germany were subject to particular criticism. The Polish Circle relations with the German parties had a negative effect on their reluctant attitude to the Austro‑Polish solution.However, the position of the majority of Galicia envoys towards the aspirations of the Slavic nations did not change until the end of the war. For the cooperation with these nations, the National Democrats, Socialists and Populists were in favor of in the final phase of the war. But despite the declarations submitted by representatives of these parties any decision on this cooperation was not taken during the war. Галицийские политики по отношению к внутреннему положению в Австро‑Венгрии в конце Первой мировой войны (1917‑1918)Принятая всеми польскими партиями в Галиции австро‑польская политическая ориентация привела к тому, что возросла их заинтересованность внутренней ситуацией в западной части Габсбургской монархии, Цислейтании. Ситуация эта оказывала влияние на международное положение монархии, особенно на её отношения с Германской империей, что представляло огромное значение для позиции властей Австро‑Венгрии по отношению к польскому вопросу.Рост заинтересованности галицийских политиков внутренним положением Цислейтании наступил в 1917 г., когда польский вопрос стал вопросом международным, а образование Государственного Совета привело к росту стремлений Чехии и южных славян к независимости. Польские депутаты не признавали выдвигаемые представителями этих наций требований, потому что их реализация могла наступить только в случае изменения политического устройства Австро‑Венгрии. Особенно это относилось к требованию о присоединении к чешскому государству Словакии. Такое положение Польского Кружка сделало невозможным его сотрудничество со словянскими депутатами. Причиной тому послужили надежды на решение австро‑польского вопроса и боязнь поддержки правительством в Вене и немецкими партиями украинцев в вопросе по разделу Галиции. Все это привело к тому, что даже после Брестского договора галицийские послы за исключением национальных демократов и социалистов не перешли в оппозицию.Сопутствовало этому негативное отношение к предложениям, выдвигаемых немецкими партиями. Особенной критике подвергались их стремления к более тесному союзу Австро‑Венгрии с Германией. На отношения Польского кружка с немецкими партиями негативно влияло также их неохотное отношение к решению австро‑польского вопроса.Зато позиция большинства галицийских депутатов по отношению к стремлениям славянских народов не изменилась до окончания войны. За сотрудничество с этими народами в конечной фазе войны были национал‑демократы, социалисты и народовцы. Но, несмотря на предложения этих партий, до окончания войны не было принято никакого решения по вопросу данного сотрудничества.
    Źródło:
    Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2012, 47
    2353-6403
    1230-5057
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Eighteen-century Alliance Treaties of the Neighbouring Countries, 1720–72
    Autorzy:
    Kordel, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601409.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    nobility’s freedoms/liberties
    free election
    liberum veto
    anarchy
    alliance treaties between Russia
    Prussia
    and Austria
    Opis:
    When in 1719 Augustus II of Poland made an attempt to emancipate himself from the influence of the Russian emperor, the latter entered into alliance with the Prussian king, with the intent of preventing emancipation of the monarch and his country. The alliance concluded by Tsar Peter the Great with King Frederick William I of Prussia expressed the substantial interests of both monarchies. It was all about keeping watchful oversight of political and military weakness of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and rendering the country isolated in the international arena. The programme established by Petersburg and Berlin remained valid until the end of the eighteenth century and the final, third, partition of Poland. The monarchs guaranteed that they would do everything possible to prevent the Polish constitutional system from altering (keeping the king’s rights restrained against the liberties maintained – primarily the liberum veto and free election of monarch), and treasury and military reforms from implementing. The preponderance over the Commonwealth implied the participation of Russia in what is termed the concert of the European powers. For the country of the Hohenzollerns, the debilitation of the nobility-based republic was, in turn, an opportunity for increasing the its territory, which had been policy energetically pursued since the Great Elector Frederick William’s reign (1640–88). For these reasons, the whole series of Russo-Prussian alliance treaties (1726, 1729, 1740, 1743, 1764, 1769, and 1772) comprised provisions regarding Polish affairs. The range of the issues covered by these bipartite agreements was ever-broadening, extending to the dissenters’ affair, among other things. Other reasons stood behind the inclusion of clauses related to the Commonwealth in Russian-Austrian treaties. Of substantial importance was the antagonism prevalent in the Reich between Austria and Prussia, which from 1740 onwards turned into acrimonious hostility. The Viennese Burg, which solicited favour from Petersburg, endeavoured to persuade its Russian ally that it was ready and willing to replace the Prussian partner in Poland-related matters of importance to Russia (cf. the treaties of 1726, 1730, 1733, 1746). Discussed is also a never-ratified tripartite agreement of 1732 – the so-called Löwenwolde’s treaty – which was momentous for the designs of the contracting parties, as well as the partition treaties of 1772.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2017, 116
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Osadnictwo Rusinów w Bośni i Hercegowinie na przełomie XIX i XX wieku
    Autorzy:
    Lis, Tomasz Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/654032.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Austria Hungary
    Poland and the Balkan
    Bośnia i Hercegowina
    Austro Węgry
    Polonia na Bałkanach
    Opis:
    This article presents the results of a study on the immigration of Ruthenians to Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 1878‑1914, as well as the source of settlement movements in this area and the issues associated with emigration. The study concentrates mainly on the processes of their acculturation in contact not only with locals, but also with Poles, who also settled in large numbers in the area of Banja Luka. Much space is also devoted to the attitude of the Greek Catholic Church authorities towards the issues pertaining to the emigration of their adherents. Due to lack of their own clergy, many Ruthenians converted to Orthodoxy in the first years after arriving in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both local religious and secular authorities attempted to counteract this situation in consultation with Archbishop Andrey Sheptytsky.
    Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań nad kolonizacją Rusinów w Bośni i Hercegowinie w latach 1878‑1914, genezę zjawiska osadnictwa na tych terenach, a także ich problemy związane z emigracją. Głównymi wątkami są ich procesy akulturacji, nie tylko w kontakcie z autochtonami, ale także z Polakami, którzy również osiedlali się licznie w okolicach Banja Luki. Ponadto poświęciłem dużo miejsca stosunkowi greckokatolickich władz kościelnych wobec problemu wychodźstwa unitów. Wielu Rusinów, w pierwszych latach po przybyciu do Bośni i Hercegowiny, z powodu braku własnych duchownych decydowało się przejść na prawosławie. Sytuacji tej starały się przeciwdziałać miejscowe władze kościelne i świeckie w porozumieniu z abp. Andrzejem Szeptyckim.
    Źródło:
    Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2015, 50, 1
    2353-6403
    1230-5057
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    THE HOUSE OF VASA AND THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA: CORRES PONDENCE FROM YEARS 1587 TO 1668, Part I: THE TIMES OF SIGISMUND III, 1587–1632, Volume 1, edited by Ryszard Skowron et al.
    Autorzy:
    Kalinowska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/695719.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Źródło:
    Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies; 2017, 1
    2545-1685
    2545-1693
    Pojawia się w:
    Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ratusz jako przestrzenne i prawne centrum rozwoju miasta. Rozważania i odniesienia do badań w Niemczech i Austrii od 1990 roku
    Autorzy:
    Opll, Ferdinand
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949893.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    town hall
    Austrian towns
    Middle Ages
    early modern times
    spatial turn
    historical research in Austria
    Opis:
    The article starts with the analysis of respective definitions and considerations regarding the term Rathaus in different languages (German, Italian, English and French). Subsequently the origins of town-halls are taken into closer consideration, a topic which – seen from the standpoint of modern city-marketing – plays a decisive role for the “ranking” of towns. As a synonym for the evolution of civic and urban liberties in Italy as well as north of the Alps the chronology of the evolution of town-halls as well as their topographical placement within the urban pattern are of greatest importance. More explicit considerations are given with regard to town-halls in Austrian towns. An excellent basis for this analysis is the data provided by the series of more than 60 volumes of the Österreichischer Städteatlas (edited 1982–2013). In the end an overview to the respective research with hints to some deficits and possibilities for further investigation is given. It should especially be indicated that the “Rathaus”-topic can and should play a much greater role within actual trends of research (“spatial turn”).
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych; 2014, 74
    0080-3634
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Municipality against the State: Power Relations between State and Local Self-Government Representatives, Based on the Example of Bohemia at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century
    Autorzy:
    Klečacký, Martin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601645.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Austria-Hungary
    Bohemia
    district captain
    self-government
    public administration
    Opis:
    This paper is a case study of relations between the agents of self-government and the state administration as representatives of the local elite in the milieu of a small town in central Bohemia. Set in the context of the political crisis in the 1890s and at the beginning of the twentieth century, it follows the power relations and the struggle of self-government bodies against the district captain (representing the central government), as well as the efforts of the state to force the local elite to respect the state authority and to arrange for proper operation of the public administration.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2020, 121
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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