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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    The Silver Colloidal Solutions and Films for Efficient SERS
    Autorzy:
    Górska, A.
    Meyer, S.
    Balter, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1419541.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-08
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    68.37.Ps
    78.30.-j
    82.70.Dd
    Opis:
    The silver colloids and silver films are known for their signal enhancing properties in Raman spectroscopy. Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy is a very useful tool to detect molecules at low concentration or even single molecules in examined samples. Here we present a study on the preparation of silver colloidal solution and deposition of silver films on mica. The colloidal solutions were examined by two methods: the UV-VIS spectroscopy to determine their optical properties and atomic force microscopy to determine the size of the particles and structure of the deposited films. The crystal violet (tris(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)methylium chloride) solution was used as a test sample for evaluation of enhancing properties of silver colloidal solutions and films. These experiments have shown that both colloidal solutions and films, are efficient surface enhanced raman spectroscopy substrates, therefore they can be used in further studies for enhancement of the Raman signal of biopolymers, f.e. polysaccharides and DNA.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 122, 2; 350-352
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Distance Dependence of the Mn-Mn Exchange Interaction in IV-VI Semimagnetic Semiconductors
    Autorzy:
    Łusakowski, A.
    Górska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036858.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003-06
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    71.70.Gm
    75.30.Hx
    Opis:
    In the present paper we calculate the exchange interaction between two manganese ions in IV-VI semiconductors with the rocksalt structure. The method of calculations is based on the fourth order perturbation theory with respect to hybridization between band states and localized d orbitals of Mn ions. This hybridization is described by three Harrison integrals: V$\text{}_{pdσ}$,V$\text{}_{pdπ}$, and V$\text{}_{sdσ}$. The band states of IV-VI semiconductor are obtained from the semiempirical tight binding model built from s and p orbitals of cations and anions. The resulting exchange term in the Hamiltonian is of the form -Σ$\text{}_{i,j=xyz}$J$\text{}_{ ij}$Ŝ$\text{}_{i}^{1}$Ŝ$\text{}_{j}^{2}$, however nondiagonal terms of the exchange integral tensor J$\text{}_{i≠j}$ are very small. The dependence of J$\text{}_{ij}$ on the Mn-Mn distance is non-monotonic. We also discuss the influence of the local crystal deformations on the exchange integral.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2003, 103, 6; 659-664
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Correlation between Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Sn$\text{}_{1-x}$Gd$\text{}_{x}$Te
    Autorzy:
    Łusakowski, A.
    Górska, M.
    Arciszewska, A.
    Grodzicka, E.
    Gołacki, Z.
    Story, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931955.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1995-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    75.20.Ck
    75.30.Et
    Opis:
    Magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance and transport properties of Sn$\text{}_{1-x}$Gd$\text{}_{x}$Te with 0.04 < x < 0.07 and hole concentrations in the range from 0.7 × 10$\text{}^{20}$ to 16 × 10$\text{}^{20}$ cm$\text{}^{-3}$ were investigated. After annealing of the Sn$\text{}_{1-x}$Gd$\text{}_{x}$Te samples with x < 0.05 in Sn vapor their hole concentration decreased from 5 × 10$\text{}^{20}$ cm$\text{}^{-3}$ to about 3 × 10$\text{}^{20}$ cm$\text{}^{-3}$ and their paramagnetic Curie temperature increased a few times. In samples with x > 0.05 no significant change in the magnetic properties was observed after annealing, even at lower hole concentrations. The results can be explained by assuming that an indirect exchange interaction, 4f-5d-band electrons, is responsible for the coupling among Gd ions.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1995, 87, 1; 197-200
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Magnetic Specific Heat of Pb$\text{}_{1-x}$Eu$\text{}_{x}$Te
    Autorzy:
    Górska, M.
    Łusakowski, A.
    Jędrzejczak, A.
    Gołacki, Z.
    Anderson, J. R.
    Balci, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038143.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004-06
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    71.70.-d
    75.40.Cx
    Opis:
    The temperature dependence of the magnetic specific heat was studied experimentally and theoretically in the semimagnetic semiconductor Pb$\text{}_{1-x}$Eu$\text{}_{x}$Te for x=0.027 and x=0.073, over the temperature range from 0.5 K to 15 K, in magnetic fields up to 2 T. In zero magnetic field at about 2 K there was a broad maximum in the magnetic specific heat, which was much higher than that predicted by the model of superexchange interaction between nearest neighbors; the maximum values increased with magnetic field. The experimental data were analyzed in the framework of a model which takes into account the spin splitting of the ground state of a single Eu2+ ion in the presence of local lattice distortions in the Pb$\text{}_{1-x}$Eu$\text{}_{x}$Te mixed crystal. The model describes well the experimental data, especially for lower x-values, where the contribution from singlets dominates.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2004, 105, 6; 631-636
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Magnetic Properties of $Sn_{1-x}Cr_xTe$ Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors
    Autorzy:
    Kilanski, L.
    Podgórni, A.
    Górska, M.
    Dobrowolski, W.
    Slynko, V.
    Slynko, E.
    Reszka, A.
    Kowalski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399145.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-11
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    72.80.Ga
    75.30.Hx
    75.30.Et
    75.50.Pp
    Opis:
    We present the studies of $Sn_{1-x}Cr_xTe$ semimagnetic semiconductors with chemical composition x ranging from 0.004 to 0.012. The structural characterization indicates that even at low average Cr-content x ≤q 0.012, the aggregation into micrometer size clusters appears in our samples. The magnetic properties are affected by the presence of clusters. In all our samples we observe the transition into the ordered state at temperatures between 130 and 140 K. The analysis of both static and dynamic magnetic susceptibility data indicates that the spin-glass-like state is observed in our samples. The addition of Cr to the alloy seems to shift the spin-glass-like transition from 130 K for x = 0.004 to 140 K for x = 0.012.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 124, 5; 881-884
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    High Field Magnetization of Sn$\text{}_{1-x}$Gd$\text{}_{x}$Te
    Autorzy:
    Górska, M.
    Anderson, J. R.
    Wolters, C.
    Łusakowski, A.
    Story, T.
    Gołacki, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1969093.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998-08
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    75.20.Ck
    75.30.Et
    Opis:
    The magnetization of p-type Sn$\text{}_{1-x}$Gd$\text{}_{x}$Te with x up to 0.045 and the hole concentration, p, varying from 2.7 to 8.3×10$\text{}^{20}$ cm$\text{}^{-3}$ has been measured in magnetic fields up to 27 T, at the temperatures 4.2 and 1.3 K. The data were fitted to a magnetization equation with single-ion and pair terms. From comparison of the exchange parameters determined from the high-field magnetization with those previously obtained from the high-temperature magnetic susceptibility it was found that in samples with p>5×10$\text{}^{20}$ cm$\text{}^{-3}$ the exchange was of a short-range type, while in samples with a lower carrier concentration the long-range exchange mechanism was observed.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1998, 94, 2; 347-350
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Anomalous Hall Effect in $Ge_{1-x-y}Pb_{x}Mn_{y}Te$ Composite System
    Autorzy:
    Podgórni, A.
    Kilanski, L.
    Dobrowolski, W.
    Górska, M.
    Domukhovski, V.
    Brodowska, B.
    Reszka, A.
    Kowalski, B.
    Slynko, V.
    Slynko, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1376191.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-11
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.72.J-
    72.80.Ga
    75.40.Mg
    75.50.Pp
    Opis:
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the magnetotransport properties of the $Ge_{0.743}Pb_{0.183}Mn_{0.074}Te$ mixed crystal. The results of magnetization measurements indicated that the compound is a spin-glass-like diluted magnetic semiconductor with critical temperature $T_{SG}$=97.5 K. Nanoclusters in the sample are observed. Both, matrix and clusters are magnetically active. Resistivity as a function of temperature has a minimum at 30 K. Below the minimum a variable-range hopping is observed, while above the minimum a metallic-like behavior occurs. The crystal has high hole concentration, p=6.6×$10^{20}$ $cm^{-3}$, temperature-independent. Magnetoresistance amplitude changes from -0.78 to 1.18% with increase of temperature. In the magnetotransport measurements we observed the anomalous Hall effect with hysteresis loops. Calculated anomalous Hall effect coefficient, $R_{S}$ = 2.0×$10^{6}$ $m^{3}$/C, is temperature independent. The analysis indicates the extrinsic skew scattering mechanism to be the main physical mechanism responsible for anomalous Hall effect in $Ge_{0.743}Pb_{0.183}Mn_{0.074}Te$ alloy.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 126, 5; 1180-1183
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Magnetic Properties of Sn$\text{}_{1-x}$Gd$\text{}_{x}$Te (0.002 ≤ x ≤ 0.09)
    Autorzy:
    Story, T.
    Arciszewska, M.
    Dobrowolski, W.
    Gołacki, Z.
    Górska, M.
    Grodzicka, E.
    Łusakowski, A.
    Dynowska, E.
    Witkowska, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1952098.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1996-11
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    75.20.Ck
    75.30.Et
    Opis:
    Magnetic, transport and structural properties of bulk crystals of Sn$\text{}_{1-x}$Gd$\text{}_{x}$Te with Gd content 0.002 < x < 0.09 and varying carrier concentrations obtained by an isothermal annealing were studied in the temperature range T = 1.5 - 80 K. We found the effect of resonant increase in antiferromagnetic spin-spin exchange interactions in the crystals with 0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.05. No effect was found in crystals either with higher (x > 0.05) or with lower (x < 0.025) Gd concentration. The observed Gd composition dependence of the magnetic and transport properties of SnGdTe can be explained in a proposed model relating these experimental properties to the Gd composition induced shift of the position of Gd$\text{}^{3+}\text{}^{/}\text{}^{2+}$ level with respect to the top of the valence band of SnGdTe.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1996, 90, 5; 935-938
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Transport and Magnetic Study of Gd Ions in Pb$\text{}_{1-y}$Sn$\text{}_{y}$Te
    Autorzy:
    Story, T.
    Arciszewska, M.
    Łazarczyk, P.
    Łusakowski, A.
    Górska, M.
    Dobrowolski, W.
    Witkowska, B.
    Grodzicka, E.
    Gałązka, R. R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1997-11
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    75.20.Ck
    75.30.Et
    Opis:
    Electric conductivity, Hall effect and magnetic susceptibility of Pb$\text{}_{1-x-y}$ Sn$\text{}_{y}$Gd$\text{}_{x}$Te mixed crystals with 0.13 ≤ y ≤ 0.93 and 0.001 ≤ x ≤ 0.04 were experimentally studied over the temperature range 4K ≤ T ≤ 300 K. The incorporation of Gd ions into the Pb$\text{}_{1-y}$Sn$\text{}_{y}$Te matrix results in semi-metallic n-type conductivity of the crystals with y < 0.6. For crystals with y > 0.6 one observes only semi-metallic p-type conductivity. We present a model explaining these results in terms of the Sn composition dependence of the location of Gd$\text{}^{2+}\text{}^{/}\text{}^{3+}$ level with respect to the band edges of PbSnGdTe.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 92, 5; 997-1000
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Magnetic Order and Magnetic Inhomogeneities in SnCrTe-PbCrTe Solid Solutions
    Autorzy:
    Kilanski, L.
    Szymański, M.
    Brodowska, B.
    Górska, M.
    Szymczak, R.
    Podgórni, A.
    Avdonin, A.
    Reszka, A.
    Kowalski, B.
    Domukhovski, V.
    Arciszewska, M.
    Dobrowolski, W.
    Slynko, V.
    Slynko, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1376790.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-11
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    72.80.Ga
    75.30.Hx
    75.30.Et
    75.50.Pp
    Opis:
    We present the studies of structural, electrical and magnetic properties of bulk $Sn_{1-x-y}Pb_xCr_yTe$ mixed crystals with chemical composition 0.18 ≤ x ≤ 0.35 and 0.007 ≤ y ≤ 0.071. The magnetometric studies indicate that for the high Cr-content, y=0.071, the alloy shows ferromagnetic alignment with the Curie temperature, $T_{C}$, around 265 K. The $Cr_5Te_8$ clusters are responsible for the ferromagnetic order. At low Cr content, y ≈ 0.01, a peak in the ac magnetic susceptibility identified as the cluster-glass-like transition is observed at a temperature about 130 K. The cluster-glass-like transition is likely due to the presence of $Cr_2Te_3$ clusters in the samples with y ≈ 0.01. The transport characterization of the samples indicated strong metallic p-type conductivity with relatively high carrier concentration, n > $10^{20}$ $cm^{-3}$, and carrier mobility, μ > 150 $cm^2$/(V s).
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 126, 5; 1203-1206
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spinodal Decomposition of Magnetic Ions in Eu-Codoped $Ge_{1-x}Cr_{x}Te$
    Autorzy:
    Podgórni, A.
    Kilanski, L.
    Dobrowolski, W.
    Górska, M.
    Reszka, A.
    Domukhovski, V.
    Kowalski, B.
    Brodowska, B.
    Anderson, J.
    Butch, N.
    Slynko, V.
    Slynko, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1403631.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-12
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    72.80.Ga
    75.40.Cx
    75.40.Mg
    75.50.Pp
    Opis:
    We present the experimental evidence for the presence of spinodal decomposition of the magnetic ions in the $Ge_{1-x-y}Cr_{x}Eu_{y}Te$ samples with chemical composition varying in the range of 0.015 ≤ x ≤ 0.057 and 0.003 ≤ y ≤ 0.042. The ferromagnetic transition at temperatures 50 ≤ T ≤ 57 K was observed, independent of the chemical composition. The long-range carrier mediated itinerant magnetic interactions seem to be responsible for the observed ferromagnetic order. The magnetic irreversibility with coercive field $H_C$ = 5 - 63 mT and the saturation magnetization $M_S$ ≈ 2 - 6 emu/g are found to strongly depend on the chemical composition of the alloy.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 122, 6; 1012-1015
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Role of Frustration in Magnetism of Ge$\text{}_{1-x}$Cr$\text{}_{x}$Te Semimagnetic Semiconductor
    Autorzy:
    Kilanski, L.
    Górska, M.
    Dobrowolski, W.
    Arciszewska, M.
    Domukhovski, V.
    Anderson, J. R.
    Butch, N. P.
    Podgórni, A.
    Slynko, V. E.
    Slynko, E. I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048082.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-05
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    75.40.Cx
    75.40.Gb
    75.50.Lk
    75.50.Pp
    Opis:
    We present preliminary studies of magnetic properties of Ge$\text{}_{1-x}$Cr$\text{}_{x}$Te semimagnetic semiconductors with low chromium content x < 0.026. The static and dynamic magnetometry techniques were employed for the current investigations. The obtained results showed large bifurcations between zero-field cooled and field cooled magnetization curves at temperatures lower than 50 K. The dynamic susceptibility measurements proved via frequency shifting of the peaks that the observed magnetic order at low temperatures was the spin-glass-like state caused by magnetic frustration of the system.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 119, 5; 654-656
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Magnetic Properties of Epitaxial (Ge,Mn)Te Thin Films with Varying Crystal Stoichiometry
    Autorzy:
    Knoff, W.
    Domukhovski, V.
    Dybko, K.
    Dziawa, P.
    Górska, M.
    Jakieła, R.
    Łusakowska, E.
    Taliashvili, B.
    Story, T.
    Reszka, A.
    Anderson, J.
    Rotundu, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811940.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008-11
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    75.50.Pp
    Opis:
    Magnetization of 1 μm thick ferromagnetic IV-VI (Ge, Mn)Te semiconductor layers with 10 at.% of Mn was studied by SQUID magnetometry method up to the magnetic fields of 70 kOe. The layers were grown on BaF₂ (111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with varying Te molecular flux, which permitted the control of layer stoichiometry and conducting hole concentration. X-ray diffraction and in situ electron diffraction characterization of layer growth and crystal structure revealed two-dimensional mode of growth and monocrystalline rhombohedral crystal structure of (Ge, Mn)Te layers. Controlling the layer stoichiometry influences the temperature dependence of magnetization with the ferromagnetic Curie temperature varying in $Ge_{0.9}Mn_{0.1}Te$ layers from $T_c$=30 K (low Te flux) to $T_c$=42 K (high Te flux).
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 114, 5; 1159-1165
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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