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    Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15
    Tytuł:
    Microbial activity and particulate organic matter content in soils with different tillage system use
    Autorzy:
    Gajda, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26158.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    soil
    tillage system
    microbial biomass
    dehydrogenase activity
    particulate organic matter
    microbiological activity
    conventional tillage
    conservation tillage system
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2010, 24, 2; 129-137
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Moisture dynamics as related to capillary and drainable pores in the Nile Delta soils
    Autorzy:
    Amer, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083704.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    modelling unsaturated hydraulic conductivity
    drainable and capillary pores
    alluvial
    clay and sandy soils
    Opis:
    The dynamic of soil moisture may be studied through water flux, storage, moisture conductivity and movement into the soil pore spaces. The volume of pore space in the soil and also the size, shape, type, continuity and distribution of the pores are important characteristics related to the storage, conductivity and movement of water and gases. The movement of water by gravitational forces in the natural soils occurs principally through the non-capillary pores (i.e. rapidly drained pores), while other movements occur in capillaries which may be classified as coarse and fine capillary pores. The unsaturated condition of soil water is a common state in nature after rainfall or as a result of irrigation, therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop equations to describe and estimate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(θ) in relation to soil pore-size classes that contained the available water in the soil root zone. The equations were based on a water-retention curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity and pore-size function measured from undisturbed cores. The equations were applied to three soil profiles from the Nile Delta and compared with measured K(θ) data from two field experiments, which were conducted in clay in an unsaturated condition and in sandy soil areas using the internal drainage in situ method. The pore size function f(r) represents the fraction of the total pore whichvolume, which was contributed by pores with radii from 0 to ∞ at the prevailing degree of saturation. Data showed the applicability of the suggested equations for calculating unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the soil pores even for soils with a high proportion of clay.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2019, 26, 2; 29-43
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Water table as a source for irrigation in the Nile Delta soils
    Autorzy:
    Amer, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083572.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    Infiltration functions
    water table
    moistening of the root zone
    steady sorptivity
    hydraulic conductivity
    capillary rise
    Opis:
    The purpose of this study is to predict the contribution of the water table in moistening the root zone using theoretical and empirical equations containing the parameters of evapotranspiration, crop factor, and capillary rise in relation to the hydrophysical properties of soil. Five alluvial (clay) soil profiles located at middle Nile Delta were investigated for the application of the assumed equations. Four areas of soils were cultivated with wheat and clover in the winter and maize in the summer, and citrus trees in 2014/2015 growing season. Soil samples from the investigated areas were subjected to chemical and physical analyses. Water table depths were determined using field piezometers in the same places where the soil samples were collected. The other hydro-physical parameters were estimated. It was found that the water table contributed 20-40% of the irrigation water applied to the root zone in winter and 20% or less during the summer in the studied soils areas. An equation was derived to estimate the sorptivity (S) under dry conditions and at steady state infiltration. It was observed that S is decreased from unsaturated state to steady-state infiltration by 23.1 to 45.7% in cultivated soils and to 55.2% in uncultivated soil. Infiltration functions were estimated. It was suggested that the sorptivity at the steady infiltration rate (steady sorptivity, Sw) may be used to predict the hydraulic conductivity and the basic infiltration rate Ib. The calculated values of Ib by Sw corresponded to those obtained by infiltration experiment. This confirmed the significance of steady Sw as a new functional infiltration parameter. Also, data showed that the values of K(θ) calculated by the proposed equations were in the common ranges for such soils. The equations used (models) related K(θ) to soil pore radius (r) which were in turn based on soil hydraulic data including water retention h(θ), field basic infiltration rate, water sorptivity (S) and the distribution density function f(r) of soil pore size. The steady Sw parameter was used in the prediction of the hydraulic conductivity K(θ) and the basic (steady) infiltration rate Ib. It was concluded that in winter the water table contributed 20-40% of irrigation water applied to the root zone and less than 20% during the summer in the studied soils areas. These values should be considered in calculating the crop water requirements.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2019, 26, 1; 79-92
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensity
    Autorzy:
    Gajda, A.M.
    Przewloka, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25855.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    soil
    biological activity
    tillage intensity
    soil tillage system
    microbial biomass
    organic carbon
    dehydrogenase activity
    organic matter
    physical condition
    chemical condition
    nitrogen mineralization
    Opis:
    The effect of tillage intensity on changes of microbiological activity and content of particulate organic matter in soil under winter wheat duirng 3 years was studied. Microbial response related to the tillage-induced changes in soil determined on the content of biomass C and N, the rate of CO2 evolution, B/F ratio, the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, soil C/N ratio and microbial biomass C/N ratio confirmed the high sensitivity of soil microbial populations to the tillage system applied. After three year studies, the direct sowing system enhanced the increase of labile fraction of organic matter content in soil. There were no significant changes in the labile fraction quantity observed in soil under conventional tillage. Similar response related to the tillage intensity was observed in particulate organic matter quantities expressed as a percentage of total organic matter in soil. A high correlation coefficients calculated between contents of soil microbial biomass C and N, particulate organic matter and potentiallymineralizable N, and the obtained yields of winter wheat grown on experimental fields indicated on a high importance of biological quality of status of soil for agricultural crop production.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2012, 26, 1
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes in soil quality associated with tillage system applied
    Autorzy:
    Gajda, A.M.
    Przewloka, B.
    Gawryjolek, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24340.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Opis:
    The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in soil quality associated with the tillage system applied with chosen parameters of soil biological properties. The long-term field experiments were located at a private farm in Rogów (Zamooeæ region, E Poland) on a silt soil and at the Experimental Station in Laskowice (Wroc³aw region, S-W Poland) on a sandy loam soil. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers. Winter wheat was grown under traditional, reduced and no-tillage systems. The analyses included estimations of microbial biomass C and N content, microbial respiration rate, activity of dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. After eight years the effects of tillage on both soils were clearly noticed. In general, the less disturbing tillage systems enhanced the increase of soil biological activity by 15-40%, on average, than conventional tillage system. The significant correlations between microbial biomass, and/or enzyme activities with total organic C content indicate that concentration of organic C in soil environment plays an extremely important role in enhancing the stabilization and activity of soil microorganisms, and protection of an extracellular enzymes. The studied parameters of soil biological activity showed their sensitivity to tillage applied and may be considered as an useful indicators of soil quality in monitoring all conditions alter soil environment.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2013, 27, 2
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Phytoremediation as a promising technology for water and soil purification: Azolla caroliniana Willd. As a case study
    Fitoremendiacja jako obiecująca technologia oczyszczania wód i gleb: Azolla caroliniana Willd. Jako studium przypadku
    Autorzy:
    Banach, A.M.
    Banach, K.
    Stepniewska, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34768.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Opis:
    The environmental pollution resulting from natural resources acquisition is one of the most severe problems nowadays. New environmental friendly and economically attractive techniques are proposed, using the ability of microorganisms (bioremediation) or plants (phytoremediation) for detoxification of their substrate. Depending on the type of pollutant and the mechanism of its immobilisation (accumulation or decomposition), several techniques are proposed. The specialised plant spe-cies are called hyperaccumulators, e.g. Brassica juncia, Helianthus annuus, Nicotiana tabacum or genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana. Azolla caroliniana Willd. (Azollaceae) is an aquatic fern occurring in temperate and tropical climates. Recently, some natural stands of it were found in western Poland. The fern lives in symbiosis with cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae which is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Besides numerous application of Azolla in agriculture, e.g. as green manure, it was found that this plant possess a huge ability for phytoremediation. Our studies showed its ability for removal and accumulation of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Ag, Pt and Au from waters (up to 100% of applied doses). These promising results open a new application of Azolla spp. for the purification of water polluted by heavy metals, for example as an additional step of wastewater purification.
    Zanieczyszczenie środowiska, wynikające z pozyskiwania zasobów naturalnych jest obecnie jednym z najpoważniejszych problemów. Proponowane są nowe, przyjazne środowisku oraz ekonomicznie atrakcyjne techniki wykorzystujące zdolności mikroorganizmów (bioremediacja) lub roślin (fitoremediacja) do oczyszczania ich podłoża. Zależnie od rodzaju substancji zanieczyszczającej oraz mechanizmu jej unieszkodliwiania (akumulacja lub rozkład) zaproponowano kilka technik. Wyspecjalizowane gatunki roślin nazywane są hiperakumulatorami, np. Brassica juncia, Helianthus annuus, Nicotiana tabacum czy genetycznie modyfikowana Arabidopsis thalia-na. Azolla caroliniana Willd. (Azollaceae) jest paprocią wodną występująca w klimacie umiarkowanym i tropikalnym. W ostatnich czasach odnaleziono kilka jej naturalnych stanowisk w Polsce. Paproć żyje w symbiozie z sinicą Anabaena azollae, która jest zdolna do wiązania azotu atmosferycznego. Oprócz licznych zastosowań Azolla w rolnictwie, np. jako zielony nawóz, odkryto, że roślina posiada wysoką zdolność do fitoremediacji. Nasze badania wykazały jej zdolność do usuwania i akumulacji Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Ag, Pt oraz Au z wód (do 100% wprowadzonych dawek). Te obiecujące wyniki otwierają nowe zastosowanie Azolla spp. w oczyszczaniu wód zanieczyszczonych metalami ciężkimi, np. jako dodatkowy etap oczyszczania ścieków.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2012, 19, 2
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of irrigation and nutrient on physical properties of safflower seeds
    Autorzy:
    Feyzollahzadeh, M.
    Modares Motlagh, A.
    Nikbakht, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    safflower
    Carthamus tinctorius
    seed
    irrigation
    nutrient
    physical property
    Opis:
    The effect of irrigation and nutrient treatments on physical properties of safflower seeds was investigated. Physical properties of safflower seeds were determined at a moisture content of 7% w.b. The parameters determined at different treatments were: size, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, mass, volume, bulk and true densities, porosity, and static and dynamic coefficient of friction. The results showed a better effect of the use of organic fertilizers in comparison with chemical ones. The results showed that nutrient and irrigation treatments had a significant effect on most of the physical properties of safflower seeds at p<0.01.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2014, 28, 1
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of long-term use of different farming systems on some physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of soil quality
    Autorzy:
    Gajda, A.M.
    Czyz, E.A.
    Dexter, A.R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24836.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    long-term use
    farming system
    physical parameter
    chemical parameter
    microbiological parameter
    soil quality
    organic matter
    bulk density
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2016, 30, 2
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Irrigation and fertigation scheduling under drip irrigation for maize crop in sandy soil
    Autorzy:
    Ibrahim, M.M.
    El-Baroudy, A.A.
    Taha, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26207.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    irrigation
    fertigation
    drip irrigation
    maize
    yield
    water productivity
    crop
    sandy soil
    field experiment
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2016, 30, 1
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected physico-mechanical characteristics of cryogenic and ambient ground turmeric
    Autorzy:
    Barnwal, P.
    Mohite, A.M.
    Singh, K.K.
    Kumar, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25528.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    physical characteristics
    mechanical characteristics
    cryogenic grinding
    ambient grinding
    turmeric
    Curcuma longa
    packaging
    handling
    storage
    Opis:
    In this communication, selected physicomechanical characteristics of ground turmeric (cv. Prabha) were investigated for cryogenic and ambient grinding conditions of turmeric at different moisture contents (4, 6, 8 and 10% w.b.). A cryogenic grinder (Model: 100 UPZ, Hosokawa Alpine, Germany) and a micro pulverizer (hammer mill) were used for cryogenic and ambient grinding, respectively. The ground turmeric was graded in three grades viz. Gr-I, Gr-II and Gr-III with a sieve shaker using BSS Nos. 40, 85 and pan, respectively. Tap densities for cryogenic and ambient ground turmeric decreased from 678.7 (Gr-I) to 546.7 kgm-3 (Gr-III) and from 642.3 (Gr-I) to 468.6 kgm-3 (Gr-III), respectively, with the moisture increase. The angle of repose for cryogenic and ambient ground turmeric increased linearly from 26.85 (Gr-I) to 34.0° (Gr-III) and from 23.10 (Gr-I) to 28.06° (Gr-III), respectively with the increase in moisture content. The static coefficient of friction was the highest on plywood surface followed by mild steel sheet and galvanized iron sheet. The cryoground samples were found better in colour. Thermal conductivity of cryo-ground samples was higher than that of ambient ground samples. These physico-mechanical characteristics of cryogenic and ambient ground turmeric will be helpful for packaging, handling, and storage.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2014, 28, 1
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Response of maize and black gram yield and water productivity to variations in canopy temperature and crop water stress index
    Autorzy:
    Khorsand, A.
    Rezaverdinejad, V.
    Asgarzadeh, H.
    Heris, A.M.
    Rahimi, A.
    Besharat, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082909.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    canopy temperature
    crop yield
    CWSI
    phenolic
    and flavonoid compounds
    water stress
    Opis:
    In order to evaluate the ability of the crop water stress index to estimate grain yield and water productivity of maize and black gram in the climatic conditions of Urmia (Iran), research was conducted under the conditions of single-row drip irrigation. This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four irrigation levels including 50 (I1), 75 (I2), 100 (I3) and 125 (I4) percent of the water requirements of the plants with three replications. The mean crop water stress index values for the I1, I2 and I3 treatments were 0.53, 0.44, and 0.28, respectively during the growth period of maize, and 0.37, 0.23, and 0.15 for black gram, respectively. In the present study, the correlation between the crop water stress index and the grain yield and also the water productivity of maize and black gram was high. According to the results, the highest grain yield for maize and black gram was obtained at crop water stress index values of 0.28 and 0.15, respectively. Therefore, these values are recommended for the irrigation scheduling of the plants. It should be noted that the maximum water productivity index for maize and black gram was obtained at crop water stress index values of 0.44 (I2) and 0.37 (I1), respectively, which are the values recommended for irrigation scheduling under restricted access to water.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2020, 34, 3; 381-390
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of composition changes and aeration time on the structure and rehydration of innovative freeze-dried gels
    Autorzy:
    Ciurzynska, A.
    Pisarska, A.
    Olsinski, I.
    Panfiluk, A.M.
    Ostap, M.S.
    Lenart, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24190.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2018, 32, 3
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15

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