Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "working memory" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 20
Tytuł:
The role of executive processes in working memory deficits in Parkinson’s Disease
Autorzy:
Gruszka, Aleksandra
Bor, Daniel
Barker, Roger R.
Necka, Edward
Owen, Adrian M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Parkinson’s disease
spatial working memory
verbal working memory
frontal lobe
executive function
Opis:
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) impairs working memory, but the exact nature of this deficit in terms of the underlying cognitive mechanisms is not well understood. In this study patients with mild clinical symptoms of PD were compared with matched healthy control subjects on a computerized battery of tests designed to assess spatial working memory and verbal working memory. In the spatial working memory task, subjects were required to recall a sequence of four locations. The verbal working memory task was methodologically identical except for the modality of the stimuli used, requiring subjects to orally recall a sequence of six digits. In either case, half of the sequences were structured in a way that allowed ‘chunking’, while others were unstructured. This manipulation was designed to dissociate the strategic component of task performance from the memory-load component. Mild medicated patients with PD were impaired only on the structured versions of the verbal working memory tasks. The analogous deficit in the spatial working memory was less pronounced. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that working memory deficits in PD reflect mainly the executive component of the tasks and that the deficits may be at least partly modality-independent.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 123-130
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effectiveness of working memory training – points to consider for future research
Autorzy:
Szewczyk, Rafal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
working memory training
effectiveness of WMT
working memory capacity
near- and far-transfer
Opis:
Working memory training (WMT) has recently become one of the most debated issues in the field of cognitive psychology. Since working memory (WM) is considered a strong correlate of IQ, numerous researchers have been trying to increase the latter by training the former. Proven effectiveness of working memory training could lead to its application in the therapy of many cognitive impairments. WMT could be also used as a tool of improving cognitive functioning of healthy subjects. However, almost every publication claiming to provide evidence for achieving one of above mentioned objectives has been criticised, mostly because of methodological shortcomings. The aim of my presentation is to extract potential sources of inconsistencies existing between the authors of meta-analysis and reviews of WMT research. For this reason I take a closer look at results and conclusions of several meta-analysis and reviews. As a result I point few indications that should be taken into consideration in future studies on WMT effectiveness.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 43-50
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Capacity, Control, or Both – Which Aspects of Working Memory Contribute to Children’s General Fluid Intelligence?
Autorzy:
Nęcka, Edward
Lulewicz, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
working memory
intelligence
n-back
schoolchildren
Opis:
Starting from the assumption that working memory capacity is an important predictor of general fluid intelligence, we asked which aspects of working memory account for this relationship. Two theoretical stances are discussed. The first one posits that the important explanatory factor is storage capacity, roughly defined as the number of chunks possible to hold in the focus of attention. The second one claims that intelligence is explained by the efficiency of executive control, for instance, by prepotent response inhibition. We investigated 96 children at the age between 10 and 13. They completed a version of the n-back task that allows assessment of both storage capacity and inhibitory control. They also completed Raven’s Progressive Matrices as the fluid intelligence test and the Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production, for control purposes. We found that Raven’s scores correlated negatively with the number of unnecessary responses to irrelevant stimuli but they did not correlate with the number of signal detections. We conclude that children’s fluid intelligence depends on inhibitory control, with no relationship with storage capacity.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 21-28
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is working memory working against suggestion susceptibility? Results from extended version of DRM paradigm
Autorzy:
Maciaszek, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
false memories
working memory
memory
suggestion
feedback
DRM
Opis:
The paper investigates relationship between working memory efficiency, defined as the result of its’ processing & storage capacity (Oberauer et al., 2003) and the tendency to (1) create assosiative memory distortions (false memories, FM); (2) yield under the influence of external, suggesting factors. Both issues were examined using extended version of Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure (1959, 1995), modified in order to meet the study demands. Suggestion was contained in an ostentatious feedback information the participants (N=88) received during the DRM procedure. Working memory (WM) was measured by standardized tasks (n-back, Jaeggi et al., 2010; automatic-ospan, Unsworth et al., 2005). Study included 3 conditions, differing in the quality of suggestion (positive, negative or neutral). Participants were assigned into 3 groups, depending on results they achieved completing the WM tasks. Obtained results alongside the previously set hypothesis, revealed that (1) WM impacts individuals’ tendency to create false memories in DRM and (2) that the individuals showing higher rates in WM tasks are less willing to yield to suggestion compared to those with lesser ones. It also showed that the greater amount to shift (Gudjonsson, 2003), emerges under the negative suggestion condition (collating positive). Notwithstanding that the interaction effect did not achieve saliency, both analyzed factors (WM and suggesting content) are considered as meaningful to explain memory suggestion susceptibility in presented study. Although, obtained results emphasize the crucial role of WM efficiency, that is believed to decide the magnitude of feedback that is influential in every subject. Therefore, issue demands further exploration.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 62-72
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Why expressive suppression does not pay? Cognitive costs of negative emotion suppression: The mediating role of subjective tense-arousal
Autorzy:
Szczygieł, Dorota
Maruszewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
expressive suppression
subjective tense arousal
memory
working memory
Opis:
The aim of this paper was to contribute to a broader understanding of the cognitive consequences of expressive suppression. Specifically, we examined whether the deteriorating effect of expressive suppression on cognitive functioning is caused by tense arousal enhanced by suppression. Two experiments were performed in order to test this prediction. In both studies we tested the effect of expressive suppression on working memory, as measured with a backwards digit-span task (Study 1, N = 43) and anagram problem-solving task (Study 2, N = 60). In addition, in Study 2 we tested whether expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression. Both studies were conducted in a similar design: Participants watched a film clip which evoked negative emotions (i.e. disgust in Study 1 and a combination of sadness and anxiety in Study 2) under the instruction to suppress those negative emotions or (in the control condition) to simply watch the film. The results of these experiments lead to three conclusions. First, the results reveal that expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression and leads to poorer performance on working memory tasks, as measured with a backwards digit-span task and anagram problem-solving task. Second, the results indicate that expressive suppression leads to a significant increase in subjective tense arousal. Third, the results support our prediction that expressive suppression decreases cognitive performance through its effects on subjective tense arousal. The results of the Study 1 show that tense arousal activated during expressive suppression of disgust fully mediates the negative effect of suppression on working memory as measured with a backwards digit-span task. The results of Study 2 reveal that subjective tense arousal elicited while suppressing sadness and anxiety mediates both the effect of suppression on working memory - as measured with the anagram task - and memory of the events that occurred during the period of suppression.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 3; 336-349
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Meta-analysis of the research impact of Baddeley’s multicomponent working memory model and Cowan’s embedded-processes model of working memory: A bibliometric mapping approach
Autorzy:
Gruszka, Aleksandra
Orzechowski, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
multicomponent working memory model
embedded-processes model of working memory
meta-analysis
co-word analysis
bibliometric map
Opis:
In this study bibliometric mapping method was employed to visualise the current research trends and the impact of the two most influential models of working memory, namely: A. D. Baddeley and G. J. Hitch’s (1974) multicomponent working memory model and N. Cowan’s (1988) embedded-processes model of working memory. Using VOSviewer software two maps were generated based on the index-term words extracted from the research papers citing Baddeley (2000) and Cowan (2001), respectively. The maps represent networks of co-occurrences of index terms and can be interpreted as an indication of the main research fields related to the examined models of WM. The results of the analysis revealed that the spheres of influence of the two main conceptualisations of WM are rather different than similar. Although the first two clusters, i.e. “brain mapping” and “higher-level cognition and development” are present in both maps, their relative importance varies. The remaining clusters are unique to each map. Baddeley’s theory seems to have a greater influence on “neuropsychology”, while Cowan’s theory - on basic research on “biological systems”, including the nervous system in humans and animals. The second difference between these theories concerns their relations to functions and dysfunctions associated with particular sensory modalities: in Baddelay’s theory with the “auditory modality” cluster, and in Cowan’s - with the “visual modality” one.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 1-11
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thinking in a foreign language, fast and slow
Autorzy:
Turula, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FL effect
CRT
working memory
affect
cognition
Opis:
Several studies (Keysar et al., 2012; Lazar et al., 2014) suggest that decisions made in a foreign language are more rational. The authors imply that when thinking in a language which is not our native tongue, analytical, slow, deep-thinking is activated. The question that underlies the present article is whether this is a characteristic of every mental operation in the foreign medium. Studies carried out by Costa et al. (2014), Geipel et al. (2015) and Hadjichristidis et al. (2015) suggest the issue is much more complex than it may seem. The answer to the question above was sought through a study in which 84 Polish advanced users of English as a foreign language were asked to solve mathematical problems from the Cognitive Reflection Test (Frederick, 2005). Initially the subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, who subsequently solved the problems in Polish (native tongue) and in English (foreign language). The article presents the results, discusses them and arrives at a number of conclusions as well as implications for further research.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 2; 228-232
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Where was it? Working memory as a predictor of passive vocabulary development in the third year of life
Autorzy:
Białecka-Pikul, Marta
Kosno, Magdalena
Byczewska-Konieczny, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
working memory development
passive vocabulary
joint attention
Opis:
The objective of the presented research was to test whether working memory, measured using the Spin the Pots task, is an important factor in passive vocabulary development in 2- and 3-year-old children. Two longitudinal studies were conducted. In the first, 135 children participated in the first study. At 18 months their responding to joint attention was measured, and then at 24 months their working memory and passive vocabulary was tested. It was demonstrated that responding to joint attention predicts the level of development of working memory, which in turn influences the extent of the passive vocabulary. In the second study, 113 children participated - at 30 months their working memory was measured, and at 24 months and then 36 months their passive vocabulary was tested. It was observed that at the age of 3 working memory is still a significant predictor of passive vocabulary. The usefulness of the Spin the Pots task for measuring the working memory of young children was shown and discussed in conclusions.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 92-102
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can we measure working memory via the Internet? The reliability and factorial validity of an online n-back task
Autorzy:
Kulikowski, Konrad
Potasz-Kulikowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
n-back
working memory
online
reliability
validity
Opis:
The aim of this study was to check whether an online n-back task conducted in the uncontrolled environment of the Internet can yield valid and reliable data. For this purpose, 169 participants completed an online n-back task with n1, n2 and n3 blocks on their home computers. The results have shown acceptable reliability for overall accuracy and reaction time indices across n1, n2, n3 blocks, as well as for reaction time indices for each n block. Unacceptable reliability has been found for separate n levels accuracy indices and for response bias indices. Confirmatory factor analysis has revealed that, among 8 proposed measurement models, the best fit for the data collected is a model with two uncorrelated factors: accuracy consisting of n1, n2, n3 indices and reaction time consisting of n2, n3 indices. The results of this study have demonstrated for the first time that a reliable administration of online n-back task is possible and may therefore give rise to new opportunities for working memory research.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 51-61
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
When Affect Supports Cognitive Control – A Working Memory Perspective
Autorzy:
Kolańczyk, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
executive functions
affect
purposive activity
working memory
Opis:
The paper delineates a study of executive functions (EFs), construed as procedural working memory (WM), from a motivational perspective. Since WM theories and motivation theories are both concerned with purposive activity, the role of implicit evaluations (affects) observed in goal pursuit can be anticipated to arise also in the context of cognitive control, e.g., during the performance of the Stroop task. The role of positive and negative affect in goal pursuit consists in controlling attention resources according to the goal and situational requirements. Positive affect serves to maintain goals and means in the scope of attention (EF1), whereas negative affect activates the inhibition of non-functional contents, e.g., distractors and irrelevant objects (resulting in attention disengagement; EF2). Adaptation to conflict proceeds via sequential triggering of negative and positive affect (EF3). Moreover, it was demonstrated that the focus on action or reflection changes the scope of contents subjected to implicit (affective) control. Therefore, I suggest that the motivational system, to a large extent, plays the role of the Central Executive. The paper opens a discussion and proposes studies on affective mechanisms of cognitive control.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 29-42
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Processing of Words Related to the Demands of a Previously Solved Problem
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
task-irrelevant processing
interference
inhibition
working memory span
Opis:
Earlier research by the author brought about findings suggesting that people in a special way process words related to demands of a problem they previously solved, even when they do not consciously notice this relationship. The findings concerned interference in the task in which the words appeared, a shift in affective responses to them that depended on sex of the participants, and impaired memory of the words. The aim of this study was to replicate these effects and to find out whether they are related to working memory (WM) span of the participants, taken as a measure of the individual’s ability to control attention. Participants in the experimental group solved a divergent problem, then performed an ostensibly unrelated speeded affective classification task concerning each of a series of nouns, and then performed an unexpected cued recall task for the nouns. Afterwards, a task measuring WM span was administered. In the control group there was no problem-solving phase. Response latencies for words immediately following problem-related words in the classification task were longer in the experimental than in the control group, but there was no relationship between this effect and WM span. Solving the problem, in interaction with sex of the participants and, independently, with their WM span, influenced affective responses to problem-related words. Recall of these words, however, was not impaired in the experimental group.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 2; 179-191
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
No Spearman’s Law of Diminishing Returns for the working memory and intelligence relationship
Autorzy:
Kroczek, Bartłomiej
Ociepka, Michał
Chuderski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
working memory
fluid intelligence
Law of Diminishing Returns
Opis:
Spearman’s Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) holds that correlation between general (g)/fluid (Gf) intelligence factor and other cognitive abilities weakens with increasing ability level. Thus, cognitive processing in low ability people is most strongly saturated by g/Gf, whereas processing in high ability people depends less on g/Gf. Numerous studies demonstrated that low g is more strongly correlated with crystallized intelligence/creativity/processing speed than is high g, however no study tested an analogous effect in the case of working memory (WM). Our aim was to investigate SLODR for the relationship between Gf and WM capacity, using a large data set from our own previous studies. We tested alternative regression models separately for three types of WM tasks that tapped short-term memory storage, attention control, and relational integration, respectively. No significant SLODR effect was found for any of these tasks. Each task shared with Gf virtually the same amount of variance in the case of low- and high-ability people. This result suggests that Gf and WM rely on one and the same (neuro)cognitive mechanism.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 73-80
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Language analytic ability in advanced FL learners: a comparative study
Autorzy:
Turula, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/577051.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
language aptitude
working memory
analytic language ability
CALP
BICS
Opis:
The article is intended as a voice in the discussion on language aptitude, with particular regard to its two components: memory and language analytic ability. It will be argued here that – unlike memory, favoured by Skehan (2003) – it may be the language analytic ability manifested, among others, as considerable dexterity in retrieving constructional schematizations to decode language innovation, which grows in importance with learner proficiency. It will also be argued here that both capacities, the said ability as well as memory, should be considered in relation to working memory, which should be understood in terms of storage and processing considered separately and ascribed to individual differences, and not as a homogenuous storage-and-processing space.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2011, 32; 275-287
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effects of the Noise and Reverberation on the Working Memory Span of Children
Autorzy:
Jianxin, P.
Peng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
reverberation time
signal-to-noise ratio
working memory span
children
Opis:
Three different reverberation time (RT) conditions were obtained by room acoustical simulation. The working memory span of grades 3 (8 to 9 years old) and 6 children (11 to 12 years old) was tested under these reverberation conditions with different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by headphone reproduction in a quiet classroom. The working memory span scores (WMSSs) were obtained under the different RTs and SNRs conditions. The results demonstrated that children’s age, RT and SNR had significant effect on children’s WMSSs. With the increase of SNR and the decrease of RT, the WMSSs increased gradually. Under the same SNR and RT condition, the children’s WMSSs were increased with the increase of their age. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that children’s WMSSs are related to age, RT and SNR, and the correlation coefficient is 0.99.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2018, 43, 1; 123-128
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intelligence and parallel versus sequential organization of information processing in analogical reasoning
Autorzy:
Orzechowski, Jarosław
Nęcka, Edward
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-11-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
intelligence
analogical reasoning
parallel processing
sequential processing
attention
working memory
Opis:
The construct of the organization of information processing (OIP) has been adopted as a possible cognitive mechanism responsible for human intelligent functioning. Participants (N = 77) were asked to solve an analogical reasoning task, a test of divided attention, a working memory capacity test, and Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices as a standard test of general fl uid intelligence. On the basis of the chronometric analysis of their performance in the analogy task, participants were divided into those preferring to use parallel or sequential modes of organization of information processing. It appeared that intelligent people using the parallel mode of processing obtained the best results in the analogical reasoning test. Other subgroups did not differ substantially from one another. It also appeared that intelligent people using the parallel mode of processing performed equally well regardless of their attentional resources and working memory capacity, whereas people using the sequential mode of processing were much more dependent on these basic cognitive limitations. A compensatory mechanism is suggested in order to account for this data: the parallel mode of processing probably helps to compensate for defi cient attention or impaired working memory, whereas the sequential mode cannot act in a compensatory way.
Źródło:
Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies); 2011, 49, 5; 41-53
0081-685X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 20

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies