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Tytuł:
Real Time PC Implementation of Power Quality Monitoring System Based on Multiharmonic Least-Squares Fitting
Autorzy:
Ardeleanu, A. S.
Ramos, P. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
power quality
real time
multiharmonic least-squares fitting
Opis:
In this paper, an algorithm that monitors the power system to detect and classify power quality events in real time is presented. The algorithm is able to detect events caused by waveform distortions and variations of the RMS values of the voltage. Detection of the RMS events is done by comparing the RMS values with certain thresholds, while detection of waveform distortions is made using an algorithm based on multiharmonic leasts-squares fitting.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 4; 543-554
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the NO2 concentration prediction possibility based on static and dynamic responses of TGS sensors at changing humidity levels
Autorzy:
Kalinowski, Paweł
Woźniak, Łukasz
Jasiński, Grzegorz
Jasiński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
TGS sensors
partial least squares
nitrogen dioxide
dynamic measurements
Opis:
The commercially available metal-oxide TGS sensors are widely used in many applications due to the fact that they are inexpensive and considered to be reliable. However, they are partially selective and their responses are influenced by various factors, e.g. temperature or humidity level. Therefore, it is important to design a proper analysis system of the sensor responses. In this paper, the results of examinations of eight commercial TGS sensors combined in an array and measured over a period of a few months for the purpose of prediction of nitrogen dioxide concentration are presented. The measurements were performed at different relative humidity levels. PLS regression was employed as a method of quantitative analysis of the obtained sensor responses. The results of NO2 concentration prediction based on static and dynamic responses of sensors are compared. It is demonstrated that it is possible to predict the nitrogen dioxide concentration despite the influence of humidity.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2020, 27, 1; 167-179
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sensitivity analysis of a new approach to photovoltaic parameters extraction based on the total least squares method
Autorzy:
Mesbahi, Oumaima
Tlemçani, Mouhaydine
Janeiro, Fernando M.
Hajjaji, Abdeloawahed
Kandoussi, Khalid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
photovoltaic modules
parameter extraction
total least squares
MPP
sensitivity analysis
Opis:
The degradation of photovoltaic modules and their subsequent loss of performance has a serious impact on the total energy generation potential. The lack of real-time information on the output power leads to additional losses since the panels may not be operating at their optimal point. To understand the behaviour, numerically simulate the characteristics and identify the optimal operating point of a photovoltaic cell, the parameters of an equivalent electrical circuit must first be identified. The aim of this work is to develop a total least-squares based algorithm which can identify those parameters from the output voltage and current measurements, taking into consideration the uncertainties on both measured quantities. This work presents a comparative study of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Total Least Squares (TLS) approaches to the estimation of the parameters of a photovoltaic cell.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2021, 28, 4; 751-765
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Uncertainty Model Of Approximating The Analytical Solution To The Real Case In The Field Of Stress Prediction
Autorzy:
Gutiérrez, R.
Ramírez, M.
Olmeda, E.
Díaz, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
uncertainty
strain gage measurement
stress concentration factor
weighted least squares algorithm
Opis:
Deterministic mechanics has been extensively used by engineers as they needed models that could predict the behavior of designed structures and components. However, modern engineering is now shifting to a new approach where the uncertainty analysis of the model inputs enables to obtain more accurate results. This paper presents an application of this new approach in the field of the stress analysis. In this case, a two-dimensional stress elasticity model is compared with the experimental stress results of five different size tubes measured with resistive strain gages. Theoretical and experimental uncertainties have been calculated by means of the Monte Carlo method and a weighted least square algorithm, respectively. The paper proposes that the analytical engineering models have to integrate an uncertainty component considering the uncertainties of the input data and phenomena observed during the test, that are difficult to adapt in the analytical model. The prediction will be thus improved, the theoretical result being much closer to the real case.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2015, 22, 3; 429-442
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sensor Calibration Design Based on D-Optimality Criterion
Autorzy:
Hajiyev, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sensor
calibration curve
calibration design
D-optimality criterion
least squares method
Opis:
In this study, a procedure for optimal selection of measurement points using the D-optimality criterion to find the best calibration curves of measurement sensors is proposed. The coefficients of calibration curve are evaluated by applying the classical Least Squares Method (LSM). As an example, the problem of optimal selection for standard pressure setters when calibrating a differential pressure sensor is solved. The values obtained from the D-optimum measurement points for calibration of the differential pressure sensor are compared with those from actual experiments. Comparison of the calibration errors corresponding to the D-optimal, A-optimal and Equidistant calibration curves is done.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2016, 23, 3; 413-424
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A transformer winding deformation detection method based on the analysis of leakage inductance changes
Autorzy:
Jiansheng, L.
Fengbo, T.
Chao, W.
Yuncai, L.
Peng, W.
Mengzhou, Z.
Miao, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
condition-based maintenance
winding deformation
leakage inductance
partial least squares regression
Opis:
The detection of transformer winding deformation caused by short-circuit current is of great significance to the realization of condition based maintenance. Considering the influence of environment and measurement errors, an online deformation detection method is proposed based on the analysis of leakage inductance changes. First, the operation expressions are derived on the basis of the equivalent circuit and the leakage inductance parameters are identified by the partial least squares regression algorithm. Second, the amount of the leakage inductance samples in a detection time window is determined using the Monte Carlo simulation thought, and then the samples in the confidence interval are obtained. Last, a criteria is built by the mean value changes of the leakage inductance samples and the winding deformation is detected. The online detection method considers the random fluctuation characteristics of the leakage inductance samples, adjust the threshold value automatically, and can quantify the change range to assess the severity. Based on the field data, the distribution of the leakage inductance samples is analyzed to obey the normal function approximately. Three deformation experiments are done by different sub-winding connections and the detection results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2015, 64, 2; 333-346
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
LMS Algorithm Step Size Adjustment for Fast Convergence
Autorzy:
Bismor, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
signal processing
adaptive algorithms
least mean squares
active noise control
system identification
Opis:
In the areas of acoustic research or applications that deal with not-precisely-known or variable condi- tions, a method of adaptation to the uncertainness or changes is usually necessary. When searching for an adaptation algorithm, it is hard to overlook the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. Its simplicity, speed of computation, and robustness has won it a wide area of applications: from telecommunication, through acoustics and vibration, to seismology. The algorithm, however, still lacks a full theoretical analysis. This is probabely the cause of its main drawback: the need of a careful choice of the step size – which is the reason why so many variable step size flavors of the LMS algorithm has been developed. This paper contributes to both the above mentioned characteristics of the LMS algorithm. First, it shows a derivation of a new necessary condition for the LMS algorithm convergence. The condition, although weak, proved useful in developing a new variable step size LMS algorithm which appeared to be quite different from the algorithms known from the literature. Moreover, the algorithm proved to be effective in both simulations and laboratory experiments, covering two possible applications: adaptive line enhancement and active noise control.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2012, 37, 1; 31-40
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A priori noise and regularization in least squares collocation of gravity anomalies
Szum a priori i regularyzacja w kolokacji najmniejszych kwadratów anomalii grawimetrycznych
Autorzy:
Jarmołowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
anomalia grawitacyjna
kowariancja
hałas
gravity anomaly
least squares collocation
leave-one-out
covariance
noise
Opis:
The paper describes the estimation of covariance parameters in least squares collocation (LSC) by the cross-validation (CV) technique called leave-one-out (LOO). Two parameters of Gauss-Markov third order model (GM3) are estimated together with a priori noise standard deviation, which contributes significantly to the covariance matrix composed of the signal and noise. Numerical tests are performed using large set of Bouguer gravity anomalies located in the central part of the U.S. Around 103 000 gravity stations are available in the selected area. This dataset, together with regular grids generated from EGM2008 geopotential model, give an opportunity to work with various spatial resolutions of the data and heterogeneous variances of the signal and noise. This plays a crucial role in the numerical investigations, because the spatial resolution of the gravity data determines the number of gravity details that we may observe and model. This establishes a relation between the spatial resolution of the data and the resolution of the gravity field model. This relation is inspected in the article and compared to the regularization problem occurring frequently in data modeling.
Artykuł opisuje estymację parametrów kowariancji w kolokacji najmniejszych kwadratów (LSC) przy pomocy techniki kroswalidacji nazywanej leave-one-out (LOO). Wyznaczane są dwa parametry modelu Gaussa-Markova trzeciego rzędu (GM3) wraz z odchyleniem standardowym szumu a priori, które ma znaczny wpływ na macierz kowariancji złożoną z sygnału i szumu. Testy numeryczne przeprowadzono na dużym zbiorze anomalii grawimetrycznych Bouguera z obszaru centralnej części USA. Obszar ten mieści około 103000 pomiarów grawimetrycznych. Dane te wraz z regularnymi siatkami wygenerowanymi z modelu geopotencjalnego EGM2008 pozwalają na pracę z różną rozdzielczością przestrzenną i różnymi wariancjami sygnału i szumu. Odgrywa to kluczową rolę w badaniach numerycznych, ponieważ rozdzielczość przestrzenna danych grawimetrycznych wyznacza liczbę szczegółów pola siły ciężkości, które możemy obserwować i modelować. Oznacza to relację pomiędzy rozdzielczością przestrzenną danych i rozdzielczością modelu pola siły ciężkości. Związek ten jest w artykule analizowany i porównywany z problemem regularyzacji, występującym często w modelowaniu danych przestrzennych.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2013, 62, 2; 199-216
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of vehicle sideslip angle via pseudo-multisensor information fusion method
Autorzy:
Chen, T.
Chen, L.
Cai, Y.
Xu, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
vehicle state estimation
sideslip angle
recursive least squares
multi-sensor information fusion
pseudo-measurements
Opis:
This paper presents a novel sideslip angle estimator based on the pseudo-multi-sensor fusion method. The kinematics-based and dynamics-based sideslip angle estimators are designed for sideslip angle estimation. Also, considering the influence of ill-conditioned matrix and model uncertainty, a novel sideslip angle estimator is proposed based on the wheel speed coupling relationship using a modified recursive least squares algorithm. In order to integrate the advantages of above three sideslip angle estimators, drawing lessons from the multisensory information fusion technology, a novel thinking of sideslip angle estimator design is presented through information fusion of pseudo-multi-sensors. Simulations and experiments were carried out, and effectiveness of the proposed estimation method was verified.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2018, 25, 3; 499-516
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geodesy: General theory and methodology 2015–2018
Autorzy:
Borkowski, Andrzej
Kosek, Wiesław
Ligas, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145489.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
niezawodność
szereg czasowy
szacowanie
robust estimation
reliability
time series
polar motion
least squares collocation
Opis:
The summary of research activities concerning general theory and methodology performed in Poland in the period of 2015–2018 is presented as a national report for the 27th IUGG (International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics) General Assembly. It contains the results of research on new or improved methods and variants of robust parameter estimation and their application, especially to control network analysis. Reliability analysis of the observation system and an integrated adjustment approach are also given. The identifiability (ID) index as a new measure for minimal detectable bias (MDB) in the observation system of a network, has been introduced. A new method of covariance function parameter estimation in the least squares collocation has been developed. The robustified version of the Shift-Msplit estimation, termed as Shift-M*split estimation, which enables estimation of parameter differences (robustly), without the need of prior estimation of the parameters, has been introduced. Results on the analysis of geodetic time series, particularly Earth orientation parameter time series, geocenter time series, permanent station coordinates and sea level variation time series are also provided in this review paper. The entire bibliography of related works is provided in the references.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2019, 68, 1; 145-162
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improving state estimation in smart distribution grid using synchrophasor technology: a comparison study
Autorzy:
Richter, M.
Komarnicki, P.
Hauer, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
accuracy analysis
case study
distribution grid state estimation
phasor measurement units
weighted least squares
Opis:
Both the growing number of dispersed generation plants and storage systems and the new roles and functions on the demand side (e.g. demand side management) are making the operation (monitoring and control) of electrical grids more complex, especially in distribution. This paper demonstrates how to integrate phasor measurements so that state estimation in a distribution grid profits optimally from the high accuracy of PMUs. Different measurement configurations consisting of conventional and synchronous mea- surement units, each with different fault tolerances for the quality of the calculated system state achieved, are analyzed and compared. Weighted least squares (WLS) algorithms for conventional, linear and hybrid state estimation provide the mathematical method used in this paper. A case study of an 18-bus test grid with real measured PMU data from a 110 kV distribution grid demonstrates the improving of the system’s state variable’s quality by using synchrophasors. The increased requirements, which are the prerequisite for the use of PMUs in the distribution grid, are identified by extensively analyzing the inaccuracy of measurement and subsequently employed to weight the measured quantities.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2018, 67, 3; 469--483
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Correlations for the thermal conductivity of selected steel grades as a function of temperature in the range of 0–800◦C
Autorzy:
Wyczółkowski, Rafał
Strychalska, Dominika
Bagdasaryan, Vazgen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
thermal conductivity
heat transfer
least squares method
thermal conduction analysis
thermal treatment of steel
Opis:
Reliable knowledge of thermo-physical properties of materials is essential for the interpretation of solidification behaviour, forming, heat treatment and joining of metallic systems. It is also a precondition for precise simulation calculations of technological processes. Numerical calculations usually require the knowledge of temperature dependencies of three basic thermo-physical properties: thermal conductivity, heat capacity and density. The objective of this work is to find a correlation that fits the thermal conductivity of selected steel grades as a function of temperature (within the range of 0–800◦C) and carbon content (within the range of 0.1–0.6%). The starting point for the analysis are the experimental data on thermal conductivity taken from literature. Using the method of least squares it was possible to fit an equation which allows calculating the thermal conductivity of steel depending on the temperature and carbon content. Two kinds of equations have been analyzed: a linear one (a linear model) and a second degree polynomial (a non-linear model). The thermal conductivity obtained by linear and nonlinear models varies on average from the measured values by 3% and 2.6% respectively.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2022, 43, 3; 29--45
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Speech emotion recognition based on sparse representation
Autorzy:
Yan, J.
Wang, X.
Gu, W.
Ma, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
speech emotion recognition
sparse partial least squares regression SPLSR
SPLSR
feature selection and dimensionality reduction
Opis:
Speech emotion recognition is deemed to be a meaningful and intractable issue among a number of do- mains comprising sentiment analysis, computer science, pedagogy, and so on. In this study, we investigate speech emotion recognition based on sparse partial least squares regression (SPLSR) approach in depth. We make use of the sparse partial least squares regression method to implement the feature selection and dimensionality reduction on the whole acquired speech emotion features. By the means of exploiting the SPLSR method, the component parts of those redundant and meaningless speech emotion features are lessened to zero while those serviceable and informative speech emotion features are maintained and selected to the following classification step. A number of tests on Berlin database reveal that the recogni- tion rate of the SPLSR method can reach up to 79.23% and is superior to other compared dimensionality reduction methods.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2013, 38, 4; 465-470
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency of linear and non-linear classifiers for gas identification from electrocatalytic gas sensor
Autorzy:
Kalinowski, P.
Woźniak, Ł.
Strzelczyk, A.
Jasinski, P.
Jasinski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221796.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
electrocatalytic sensor
cyclic voltammetry
data pre-processing
support vector machine (SVM)
Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis
Opis:
Electrocatalytic gas sensors belong to the family of electrochemical solid state sensors. Their responses are acquired in the form of I-V plots as a result of application of cyclic voltammetry technique. In order to obtain information about the type of measured gas the multivariate data analysis and pattern classification techniques can be employed. However, there is a lack of information in literature about application of such techniques in case of standalone chemical sensors which are able to recognize more than one volatile compound. In this article we present the results of application of these techniques to the determination from a single electrocatalytic gas sensor of single concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Two types of classifiers were evaluated, i.e. linear Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and nonlinear Support Vector Machine (SVM). The efficiency of using PLS-DA and SVM methods are shown on both the raw voltammetric sensor responses and pre-processed responses using normalization and auto-scaling.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2013, 20, 3; 501-512
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical tests of performance of some M – estimators
Praktyczne porównanie kilku M – estymatorów
Autorzy:
Banaś, M.
Ligas, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145326.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
estymatory
wielomiany ortogonalne
estymacja jądrowa
M-estimation
iteratively reweighted least squares
tuning constant
outliers
network adjustment
Opis:
The paper presents an empirical comparison of performance of three well known M – estimators (i.e. Huber, Tukey and Hampel’s M – estimators) and also some new ones. The new M – estimators were motivated by weighting functions applied in orthogonal polynomials theory, kernel density estimation as well as one derived from Wigner semicircle probability distribution. M – estimators were used to detect outlying observations in contaminated datasets. Calculations were performed using iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS). Since the residual variance (used in covariance matrices construction) is not a robust measure of scale the tests employed also robust measures i.e. interquartile range and normalized median absolute deviation. The methods were tested on a simple leveling network in a large number of variants showing bad and good sides of M – estimation. The new M – estimators have been equipped with theoretical tubing constants to obtain 95% efficiency with respect to the standard normal distribution. The need for data – dependent tuning constants rather than those established theoretically is also pointed out.
W artykule przedstawiono empiryczne porównanie trzech dobrze znanych M – estymatorów (Huber’a, Tukey’a oraz Hampel’a) jak również kilku nowych. Nowe estymatory motywowane były funkcjami wagowymi wykorzystywanymi w teorii wielomianów ortogonalnych, estymacji jądrowej oraz jeden motywowany przez funkcję gęstości „półokręgu” Wigner’a. Każdy z estymatorów został użyty do wykrywania obserwacji odstających w skażonych zbiorach danych. Obliczenia wykonano za pomocą „reważonej” metody najmniejszych kwadratów. Ze względu na fakt, iż wariancja resztowa (używana w konstrukcji macierzy kowariancyjnych) nie jest odpornym estymatorem skali, w testach wykorzystano również odporne miary takie jak: rozstęp ćwiartkowy oraz znormalizowane odchylenie medianowe. Testy wykonano na prostej sieci niwelacyjnej w dużej ilości wariantów ukazujących dobre i złe strony M – estymacji. Nowe estymatory zostały wyposażone w teoretyczne stałe odcinania zapewniające 95% efektywność względem standaryzowanego rozkładu normalnego. Kwestia rozwijania metod bazujących na stałych odcinania pochodzących z danych została również pokrótce poruszona.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2014, 63, 2; 127-146
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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