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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Reduction of carbon footprint from spark ignition power facilities by the dual approach
    Autorzy:
    Janusz-Szymańska, Katarzyna
    Grzywnowicz, Krzysztof
    Wiciak, Grzegorz
    Remiorz, Leszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845486.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    spark ignition engines
    digestion
    gas
    cofiring
    CO2 emissions
    membrane
    separation
    Opis:
    Power generation units, suitable for individual users and small scale applications, are mainly based on spark ignition engines. In recently performed research, reductions of emissions coming from such units, especially considering carbon dioxide emissions, are deemed as the issue of particular importance. One of solutions, postponed to reduce impact of spark ignition engine-based units on the natural environment, is transition from fossil fuels into renewable gaseous fuels, as products of organic digestion. Nonetheless, development of new solutions is required to prevent further carbon dioxide emissions. The paper presents a novel dual approach developed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from stationary power units, basing on spark ignition engine. The discussed approach includes both reduction in carbon content in the fuel, which is realized by its enrichment with hydrogen produced using the solar energy-supported electrolysis process, as well as application of post-combustion carbon dioxide separation. Results of the performed analysis suggest profitability of transition from fossil into the hydrogen-enriched fuel mixture, with significant rise in operational parameters of the system following increase in the hydrogen content. Nevertheless, utilization of the carbon dioxide separation leads to vital soar in internal energy demand, causing vital loss in operational and economical parameters of the analyzed system.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2021, 42, 2; 171-192
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Real-time implementation of multiple model based predictive control strategy to air/fuel ratio of a gasoline engine
    Autorzy:
    Wojnar, S
    Polóni, T
    Šimončič, P
    Rohal’-Ilkiv, B
    Honek, M
    Csambál, J
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/229632.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    model predictive control
    multiple models
    air/fuel ratio
    spark ignition engine
    ARX models
    Opis:
    Growing safety, pollution and comfort requirements influence automotive industry ever more. The use of three-way catalysts in exhaust aftertreatment systems of combustion engines is essential in reducing engine emissions to levels demanded by environmental legislation. However, the key to the optimal catalytic conversion level is to keep the engine air/fuel ratio (AFR) at a desired level. Thus, for this purposes more and more sophisticated AFR control algorithms are intensively investigated and tested in the literature. The goal of this paper is to present for a case of a gasoline engine the model predictive AFR controller based on the multiple-model approach to the engine modeling. The idea is to identify the engine in particular working points and then to create a global engine's model using Sugeno fuzzy logic. Opposite to traditional control approaches which lose their quality beside steady state, it enables to work with satisfactory quality mainly in transient regimes. Presented results of the multiple-model predictive air/fuel ratio control are acquired from the first experimental real-time implementation on the VW Polo 1390 cm3 gasoline engine, at which the original electronic control unit (ECU) has been fully replaced by a dSpace prototyping system which execute the predictive controller. Required control performance has been proven and is presented in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Control Sciences; 2013, 23, 1; 93-106
    1230-2384
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Control Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cold Start Emissions of Spark-Ignition Engines at Low Ambient Temperatures as an Air Quality Risk
    Emisja spalin podczas rozruchu zimnego silnika ZI przy niskich temperaturach otoczenia jako zagrożenie czystości powietrza
    Autorzy:
    Bielaczyc, P
    Szczotka, A.
    Woodburn, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204987.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cold start
    low ambient temperature
    direct injection spark ignition engine
    indirect injection spark ignition engine
    exhaust emissions
    emisja spalin
    zimny rozruch
    silnik ZI z wtryskiem bezpośrednim
    silnik ZI z wtryskiem pośrednim
    Opis:
    SI engines are highly susceptible to excess emissions when started at low ambient temperatures. This phenomenon has multiple air quality and climate forcing implications. Direct injection petrol engines feature a markedly different fuelling strategy, and so their emissions behaviour is somewhat different from indirect injection petrol engines. The excess emissions of direct injection engines at low ambient temperatures should also differ. Additionally, the direct injection fuel delivery process leads to the formation of PM, and DISI engines should show greater PM emissions at low ambient temperatures. This study reports on laboratory experiments quantifying excess emissions of gaseous and solid pollutants over a legislative driving cycle following cold start at a low ambient temperature for both engine types. Over the legislative cycle for testing at -7°C (the UDC), emissions of HC, CO, NOx and CO2 were higher when tested at -7°C than at 24°C. Massive increases in emissions of HC and CO were observed, together with more modest increases in NOx and CO2 emissions. Results from the entire driving cycle showed excess emissions in both phases (though they were much larger for the UDC). The DISI vehicle showed lower increases in fuel consumption than the port injected vehicles, but greater increases in emission of HC and CO. DISI particle number emissions increased by around 50%; DISI particle mass by over 600%. The observed emissions deteriorations varied somewhat by engine type and from vehicle to vehicle. Excesses were greatest following start-up, but persisted, even after several hundred seconds’ driving. The temperature of the intake air appeared to have a limited but significant effect on emissions after the engine has been running for some time. All vehicles tested here comfortably met the relevant EU limits, providing further evidence that these limits are no longer challenging and need updating.
    Samochodowe silniki spalinowe o zapłonie iskrowym (ZI) charakteryzują się zwiększoną emisją związków szkodliwych spalin podczas rozruchów przy niskich temperaturach otoczenia, co ma duży wpływ na jakość powietrza. Różnice w emisji związków szkodliwych spalin (w tym również różnice w nadmiernej emisji podczas rozruchów w niskich temperaturach otoczenia) silników benzynowych o wtrysku bezpośrednim w porównaniu do silników o wtrysku pośrednim wynikają w znacznej mierze z odmiennej strategii zasilania silnika paliwem. Proces bezpośredniego wtrysku paliwa prowadzi również do formowania się cząstek stałych (PM). Silniki o zapłonie iskrowym z bezpośrednim wtryskiem paliwa charakteryzują się znacznie większą emisją cząstek stałych przy niskich temperaturach otoczenia. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych zwiększonej emisji gazowych związków szkodliwych spalin i cząstek stałych dla obu typów silników podczas homologacyjnych cykli jezdnych na hamowni podwoziowej, poprzedzonych zimnymi rozruchami w niskich temperaturach otoczenia. Podczas fazy UDC (ustawowy cykl jezdny przeprowadzany w temperaturze -7°C) emisja węglowodorów (HC), tlenku węgla (CO), tlenków azotu (NOx), a także dwutlenku węgla (CO2) była wyższa przy badaniu w temperaturze otoczenia -7°C niż przy 24°C. Zaobserwowano znaczący wzrost emisji węglowodorów i tlenku węgla, a także niewielki wzrost emisji NOx i CO2. Wyniki z całego cyklu jezdnego NEDC wykazały nadmierną emisję w obu fazach cyklu (choć znacznie większą podczas fazy UDC). Dla samochodu z silnikiem ZI z wtryskiem bezpośrednim stwierdzono mniejszy wzrost zużycia paliwa oraz znacznie większą emisję HC i CO w porównaniu do samochodu z silnikiem ZI z wtryskiem pośrednim. Dla samochodu z silnikiem z wtryskiem bezpośrednim emisji cząstek stałych była o wyższa o około 50%, jeżeli chodzi o ich liczbę, a masa wyemitowanych cząstek była wyższa o 600%. Zaobserwowany wzrost emisji związków szkodliwych spalin był zmienny w zależności od typu silnika i badanego pojazdu. Największy wzrost tej emisji występował w trakcie rozruchu zimnego silnika i stan ten trwał nawet kilkaset sekund po uruchomieniu silnika. Temperatura zasysanego powietrza po nagrzaniu silnika wydaje się mieć ograniczony, ale widoczny wpływ na emisję. Wszystkie badane pojazdy bez problemów spełniały odpowiednie unijne normy emisji, co dowodzi, że aktualne wymagania homologacyjne nie stanowią już wyzwania i wymagają zaktualizowania.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2014, 40, 3; 86-100
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of combustion products composition models on the exergetic analysis of spark-ignition engine fuelled with ethanol
    Autorzy:
    Rufino, Caio H.
    de Lima, Alessandro J. T. B.
    Mattos, Ana P.
    Allah, Fazal U. M.
    Ferreir, Janito V.
    Gallo, Waldyr L. R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240380.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    engine simulation
    combustion products
    spark-ignition engines
    ethanol
    irreversibility
    produkt
    spalanie
    etanol
    nieodwracalność
    silnik
    zapłon iskrowy
    Opis:
    The engine simulations have become an integral part of engine design and development. They are based on approximations and assumptions. The precision of the results depends on the accuracy of these hypotheses. The simplified models of frozen composition, chemical equilibrium and chemical kinetics provide the compositions of combustion products for engine cycle simulations. This paper evaluates the effects of different operating conditions and hypotheses on the exergetic analysis of a spark-ignition engine. The Brazilian automotive market has the highest number of flex-fuel vehicles. Therefore, a flex-fuel engine is considered for simulations in order to demonstrate the effects of these different hypotheses. The stroke length and bore diameter have the same value of 80 mm. The in-cylinder irreversibility is calculated for each case at the closed part of the engine cycle. A comparative analysis of these hypotheses provides a comprehensive evaluation of their effects on exergetic analysis. Higher values of accumulated irreversibility are observed for the oversimplified hypothesis.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2019, 40, 3; 27-42
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Realization of the Atkinson-Miller cycle in spark-ignition engine by means of the fully variable inlet valve control system
    Autorzy:
    Żmudka, Z.
    Postrzednik, S.
    Przybyła, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240220.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    spark-ignition engine
    variable inlet valve control
    open theoretical cycle
    charge exchange process
    silnik o zapłonie iskrowym
    zawór
    otwarty obieg teoretyczny
    wymiana ładunku
    Opis:
    The theoretical analysis of the charge exchange process in a spark ignition engine has been presented. This process has significant impact on the effectiveness of engine operation because it is related to the necessity of overcoming the flow resistance, followed by the necessity of doing a work, so-called the charge exchange work. The flow resistance caused by the throttling valve is especially high during the part load operation. The open Atkinson-Miller cycle has been assumed as a model of processes taking place in the engine. Using fully variable inlet valve timing the A-M cycle can be realized according to two systems: system with late inlet valve closing and system with early inlet valve closing. The systems have been analysed individually and comparatively with the open Seiliger-Sabathe cycle which is a theoretical cycle for the classical throttle governing of the engine load. Benefits resulting from application of the systems with independent inlet valve control have been assessed on the basis of the selected parameters: fuel dose, cycle work, charge exchange work and a cycle efficiency. The use of the analysed systems to governing of the SI engine load will enable to eliminate a throttling valve from the system inlet and reduce the charge exchange work, especially within the range of part load operation.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2014, 35, 3; 191-205
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of mass transfer in marine engine with prechamber combustion spark ignition system
    Autorzy:
    Pielecha, Ireneusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128135.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    marine engine
    prechamber combustion spark ignition
    combustion process modeling
    combustion thermodynamics
    silnik morski
    zapłon iskrowy spalania w komorze wstępnej
    modelowanie procesu spalania
    termodynamika spalania
    Opis:
    The development of combustion systems construction is associated with the possibility of increasing the thermal or overall efficiency of an internal combustion engine. The combustion systems currently in use (mainly related to direct fuel injection) are increasingly being replaced by hybrid systems, including direct and indirect injection. Another alternative is the use of prechambers in new combustion systems. This article concerns the thermodynamic aspect of this issue – namely, the assessment of the inter-chamber f low of a marine engine equipped with a prechamber combustion spark ignition system. The research was carried out using mainly one-dimensional simulation apparatus, and detailed analyses were presented using three-dimensional modeling. The tests included the engine model at medium load. Differences in mass f lows were shown at different diameters and different numbers of holes from the preliminary chamber (while maintaining the same cross-sectional area). Similar values of excess air coefficient during ignition of the fuel dose in the prechamber were observed, which resulted in changes in the f low between the prechamber and the main chamber. The differences in mass f low affected the temperatures achieved in the individual combustion chambers. Based on three-dimensional analyses, the mass transfer rate between the chambers and the temperature distribution were assessed during fuel ignition initiated in the prechamber.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136744, 1--8
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of mass transfer in marine engine with prechamber combustion spark ignition system
    Autorzy:
    Pielecha, Ireneusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173605.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    marine engine
    prechamber combustion spark ignition
    combustion process modeling
    combustion thermodynamics
    silnik morski
    zapłon iskrowy spalania w komorze wstępnej
    modelowanie procesu spalania
    termodynamika spalania
    Opis:
    The development of combustion systems construction is associated with the possibility of increasing the thermal or overall efficiency of an internal combustion engine. The combustion systems currently in use (mainly related to direct fuel injection) are increasingly being replaced by hybrid systems, including direct and indirect injection. Another alternative is the use of prechambers in new combustion systems. This article concerns the thermodynamic aspect of this issue – namely, the assessment of the inter-chamber f low of a marine engine equipped with a prechamber combustion spark ignition system. The research was carried out using mainly one-dimensional simulation apparatus, and detailed analyses were presented using three-dimensional modeling. The tests included the engine model at medium load. Differences in mass f lows were shown at different diameters and different numbers of holes from the preliminary chamber (while maintaining the same cross-sectional area). Similar values of excess air coefficient during ignition of the fuel dose in the prechamber were observed, which resulted in changes in the f low between the prechamber and the main chamber. The differences in mass f low affected the temperatures achieved in the individual combustion chambers. Based on three-dimensional analyses, the mass transfer rate between the chambers and the temperature distribution were assessed during fuel ignition initiated in the prechamber.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; art. no. e136744
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental verification of signal propagation in automotive ignition cables modelled with distributed parameter circuit
    Autorzy:
    Różowicz, Sebastian
    Zawadzki, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141016.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    distributed parameter circuit
    ignition cable
    spark plug
    ignition system
    spark discharge
    Opis:
    The paper analyses the possibilities of treating the ignition cable in the internal combustion engine as a distributed parameter system. It presents the experimental verification of computer simulations of signal propagation generated by ignition systems in the ignition cables, modelled by the distributed parameter system. The tests conducted to determine the wave parameters of ignition cables, as well as the results of numerical simulations and their experimental verifications, are presented. It is concluded that the modelling of the ignition cable by means of a long line gives positive results that can be used for the design of a spark plug with impedance equal to wave impedance of the ignition cable.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2019, 68, 3; 667-675
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of impurities on the operation of selected fuel ignition systems in combustion engines
    Autorzy:
    Różowicz, S.
    Tofil, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141085.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    electrode burning
    fuel mixture impurities
    ignition system
    spark plugs
    Opis:
    The paper attempts to determine the impact of fuel impurities on the spark discharge energy and the wear of the spark plug electrode. Spark plugs were analyzed in two typical configurations of the ignition system. A number of tests were conducted to determine the wear of the spark plug electrode exposed to different types of impurities. The spark discharge energy for new and worn spark plugs was determined through calculation.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2016, 65, 2; 349-360
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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