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Tytuł:
Investigation of optical properties of infitec and active stereo stereoscopic techniques for CAVE-type virtual reality systems
Autorzy:
Mazikowski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
virtual reality
projection systems
cave automatic virtual environment
Active Stereo projection
projection of spectrum separation
Immersive 3D Visualization Laboratory
Opis:
In recent years, many scientific and industrial centres in the world developed virtual reality systems or laboratories. At present, among the most advanced virtual reality systems are CAVE-type (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) installations. Such systems usually consist of four, five, or six projection screens arranged in the form of a closed or hemi-closed space. The basic task of such systems is to ensure the effect of user “immersion” in the surrounding environment. The effect of user “immersion” into virtual reality in such systems is largely dependent on optical properties of the system, especially on quality of projection of three-dimensional images. In this paper, techniques of projection of three-dimensional (3D) images in CAVE-type virtual reality systems are analysed. The requirements of these techniques for such virtual reality systems are outlined. Based on the results of measurements performed in a unique CAVE-type virtual reality laboratory equipped with two different 3D projection techniques, named Immersive 3D Visualization Lab (I3DVL), that was recently opened at the Gdańsk University of Technology, the stereoscopic parameters and colour gamut of Infitec and Active Stereo stereoscopic projection techniques are examined and discussed. The obtained results enable to estimate the projection system quality for application in CAVE-type virtual reality installations.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2019, 26, 1; 139-151
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Following 3D paths by a manipulator
Autorzy:
Mazur, A.
Płaskonka, J.
Kaczmarek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/230073.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
path following
Serret-Frenet parametrization
orthogonal projection
Opis:
In the paper a description of a manipulator relative to a desired three-dimensional path was presented. The path is parameterized orthogonally to the Serret-Frenet frame which is moving along the curve. For the path two different time parameterizations were chosen. The control law for the RTR manipulator which ensures realization of the task was specified. Theoretical considerations were illustrated by simulation results.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2015, 25, 1; 117-133
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The method of construction of cylindrical and azimuthal equal-area map projections of a tri-axial ellipsoid
Autorzy:
Pędzich, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
projekcja mapy
zniekształcenie mapy
współrzędne geodezyjne
map projection
distortion in map projection
equal-area map projections
triaxial ellipsoid
reduced coordinates
Opis:
The paper presents a method of construction of cylindrical and azimuthal equalarea map projections of a triaxial ellipsoid. Equations of a triaxial ellipsoid are a function of reduced coordinates and functions of projections are expressed with use of the normal elliptic integral of the second kind and Jacobian elliptic functions. This solution allows us to use standard methods of solving such integrals and functions. The article also presents functions for the calculation of distortion. The maps illustrate the basic properties of developed map projections. Distortion of areas and lengths are presented on isograms and by Tissot’s indicatrixes with garticules of reduced coordinates. In this paper the author continues his considerations of the application of reduced coordinates to the construction of map projections for equidistant map projections. The developed method can be used in planetary cartography for mapping irregular objects, for which tri-axial ellipsoids have been accepted as reference surfaces. It can also be used to calculate the surface areas of regions located on these objects. The calculations were carried out for a tri-axial ellipsoid with semi-axes a = 267:5 m, b = 147 m, c = 104:5 m accepted as a reference ellipsoid for the Itokawa asteroid.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2018, 67, 2; 271-294
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Machine vision based Vernier caliper reading technology research
Autorzy:
Chen, Wen-Meng
Wang, Hong-Xi
Wang, Guan-Wei
Liang, Wen-Hong
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Vernier calipers
convolutional neural networks
error averaging
alternate projection
Opis:
Accurate and fast access to Vernier caliper readings is a critical issue in automated verification of Vernier calipers. To address this problem, this paper proposes a machine vision-based algorithm for reading the Vernier caliper’s displayed value. The suggested method first employs threshold segmentation and template matching to determine the region of interest and obtain the main ruler digit position by alternate projection. Then, we apply the improved LeNet5 network to identify the main ruler of the Vernier caliper, Moreover, we developed the first and last inscription method for reading the decimal part of the Vernier caliper and established our data set for model training. Extensive experiments on reading the displayed value have demonstrated our algorithm’s accuracy, which achieves a displayed value reading accuracy of 100%. Compared to other methods, the proposed technique affords better stability and accuracy.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2022, 29, 4; 779--793
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Iteratively reweighted least squares classifier and its l2- and l1-regularized Kernel versions
Autorzy:
Łęski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
classifier design
IRLS
conjugate gradient optimization
gradient projection
Kernel matrix
Opis:
This paper introduces a new classifier design method based on regularized iteratively reweighted least squares criterion function. The proposed method uses various approximations of misclassification error, including: linear, sigmoidal, Huber and logarithmic. Using the represented theorem a kernel version of classifier design method is introduced. The conjugate gradient algorithm is used to minimize the proposed criterion function. Furthermore, .1-regularized kernel version of the classifier is introduced. In this case, the gradient projection is used to optimize the criterion function. Finally, an extensive experimental analysis on 14 benchmark datasets is given to demonstrate the validity of the introduced methods.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2010, 58, 1; 171-182
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Predicting a Migration Transition in Poland and its Implications for Population Ageing
Autorzy:
Fihel, Agnieszka
Janicka, Anna
Okólski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
population ageing
international migration
migration projection
demographic transition
migration transition
Polska
Opis:
Poland, traditionally a country of emigration, started to record a positive migration balance in recent years. However, thus far, no forecast has indicated the possibility of Poland’s transition from a net sending to a net receiving regime. This study indicates the theoretical underpinnings of such a change and provides an international migration projection. To this end, we refer to the historical experiences of other European countries, more advanced in terms of the Demographic Transition (DT), Second Demographic Transition (SDT) and Migration Transition. We develop a deterministic migration projection of four types of flow (the in- and out-migration of nationals and foreign citizens) up until 2060, combined with the United Nations’ Bayesian probabilistic models of fertility and mortality projections. The results show that Poland will evolve from having a net sending to having a net receiving status around 2030–2034. The combined effect of migration flows on population ageing will not be significant but, in the long run, when considered separately, the four types of flow will have non-negligible, though opposite, effects: the outflows will contribute to population rejuvenation, while the inflows will accelerate population ageing.
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review; 2023, 12, 1; 265-292
2300-1682
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Digitally Controlled Model of an Active Ultrasonic Transducer Matrix for Projection Imaging of Biological Media
Autorzy:
Opieliński, K. J.
Gudra, T.
Pruchnicki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ultrasonic projection
active ultrasonic transducer matrix
multielement ultrasonic probe
electrode attachment optimisation
Opis:
The following work presents the idea of constructing a digitally controlled active piezoceramic transducer matrix for ultrasonic projection imaging of biological media in a similar way as in case of roentgenography (RTG). Multielement ultrasonic probes in the form of flat matrices of elementary piezoceramic transducers require attaching a large number of electrodes in order to activate the individual transducers. This paper presents the idea of minimising the number of transducer connections in an active row-column matrix system. This idea was verified by designing a model of a matrix consisting of 16 ultrasonic transducers with electrode attachments optimised by means of electronic switches in rows and columns and miniature transistor switches in the nodes of the matrix allowing to activate selected transducers. The results of measurements and simulations of parameters of the designed matrix show that it is suitable to be used in projection imaging of biological media as a sending probe. In to use the matrix as a universal sending or receiving probe, it was suggested to add further switches that would eliminate the undesired effect of crosstalks in case of switches used for toggling the transducers in the nodes of the matrix.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2010, 35, 1; 75-90
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
INTENSYWNA EMIGRACJA A STAN LUDNOŚCI W WOJEWÓDZTWIE OPOLSKIM
INTENSE EMIGRATION AND THE STATE OF THE POPULATION IN THE OPOLSKIE VOIVODSHIP
Autorzy:
Dybowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
EMIGRACJA
DEPOPULACJA
PROGNOZA
AUTOCHTONI
LUDNOŚĆ NAPŁYWOWA
EMIGRATION,
DEPOPULATION,
PROJECTION,
AUTOCHTHONS,
NEW IMMIGRANTS
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy zmian zaludnienia województwa opolskiego w latach 1950–2014. Śląsk Opolski to region o skomplikowanej historii. Obszar ten został włączony w granice państwa polskiego po zakończeniu II wojny światowej, co wiązało się z częściową wymianą jego mieszkańców. Powojenne, w znacznej mierze wymuszone, migracje ukształtowały społeczność nowo utworzonego województwa obejmującą ludność autochtoniczną i napływową. Paradoksalnie ludność przybyła na te tereny wrastała w nowe środowisko i szybko wzrastała liczebnie, natomiast wielu rodzimych mieszkańców decydowało się na opuszczenie rodzinnych stron i wyjazd do Niemiec. Analiza przebiegu procesów demograficznych w województwie opolskim dostarcza interesujących materiałów do oceny stanu populacji pozostającej w regionie odpływu migracyjnego. Intensywna emigracja hamowała wzrost liczby ludności nie tylko na obszarach zdominowanych przez rodzimych mieszkańców, ale także na obszarze całego województwa. W odniesieniu do dzisiejszej populacji Śląska Opolskiego można już mówić o domykaniu się pewnego cyklu zaludnienia: od fazy częściowej wymiany mieszkańców, poprzez odbudowę wojennych strat biologicznych do fazy depopulacji, która, jak ocenia autorka tekstu, na stałym obszarze województwa rozpoczęła się już w połowie lat 80. XX wieku. Utrzymywanie się ujemnego salda migracji ogółem w województwie wraz z ujemnym przyrostem naturalnym pogłębia depopulację bardziej zaawansowaną na terenie zdominowanym przez ludność rodzimą. Ponadto najnowsza prognoza demograficzna do 2050 roku zapowiada najszybsze tempo spadku liczby ludności w tym regionie Polski.
The article presents the results of an analyses of the changes in the population size of the Opolskie Voivodship between 1950 and 2014. Opolian Silesia is a region with a complicated history. The region was incorporated into Poland after WWII, which was connected with an immense migration and partial exchange of inhabitants. The newly formed population consisted of autochthonous and new immigrants. Paradoxically, the people coming to this region quickly put down roots and grew in number while many indigenes decided to leave for Germany. The intense emigration of autochthons makes the Opolskie Voivodship a very specific migration region. The analysis of the demographic processes in Opolian Silesia provides an interesting material to assess the state of the population remaining in a region which has experienced a large migration outflow. This outflow inhibited the growth of the population not only in regions dominated by the indigenous population, but in the Voivodship as a whole. In relation to the contemporary population size of Opolian Silesia, one can speak of the closing of a certain settlement circle: from the phase of a partial exchange of inhabitants, through the rebuilding of war losses, to the depopulation phase, which according to the author started in the mid – 1980s and has been progressing until now. The persisting negative migration balance together with the negative natural change makes the population decline deeper, especially in the areas dominated by autochthons. Additionally, the latest demographic projection till 2050 estimates that the population decline will be the fastest in this particular region of Poland.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2016, 42, 3 (161); 165-187
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Narrow Beam Ultrasonic Transducer Matrix Model for Projection Imaging of Biological Media
Autorzy:
Opieliński, K. J.
Gudra, T.
Pruchnicki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178004.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ultrasonic projection
directional ultrasonic transducer matrix
multielement ultrasonic probe
electrode attachment optimisation
Opis:
The following paper presents an idea of minimising the number of connections of individual piezoelectric transducers in a row-column multielement passive matrix system used for imaging of biological media structure by means of ultrasonic projection. It allows to achieve significant directivity with acceptable input impedance decrease. This concept was verified by designing a model of a passive ultrasonic matrix consisting of 16 elementary piezoceramic transducers, with electrode attachments optimised by means of electronic switches in rows and columns. Distributions of acoustic field generated by the constructed matrix model in water and results of the calculations conformed well.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2010, 35, 1; 91-109
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental justification of implementation of the composite projection in Azerbaijan
Autorzy:
Gojamanov, Magsad Huseyn
Ismayilov, Alishir Ismayil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
komunikacja międzynarodowa
zniekształcenie kartograficzne
geodezja
transnational communications
geodetic support
cartographic distortion
geodetic projection
Opis:
Transnational communication lines differ from other objects of the economy both in form and size, and in the task of their geodetic support, which requires the development of special methods for its solution. One of the ways of geodetic support with high accuracy is the choice of optimal (with minimal distortion) geodetic projection for the territories of transnational communication lines. Composite projection is one of the most appropriate methods to choose the optimal projection. This article presents the argumentation and results of experimental calculations for the implementation of optimal geodetic projection for transnational communication lines in Azerbaijan.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2019, 68, 2; 273-282
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ultrasonic Mammography with Circular Transducer Array
Autorzy:
Opieliński, K. J.
Pruchnicki, P.
Gudra, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177684.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ultrasonic projection imaging
UPI
ultrasonic mammography
circular transducer array
woman’s breast tissue
Opis:
Ultrasonic projection imaging is similar to X-ray radiography. Nowadays, ultrasonic projection methods have been developed in the set-up of multi-element flat arrays with miniature transducers, where one of the array acts as a transmitter and the other one is a receiver. In the paper, a new method of the projection imaging using a 1024-element circular ultrasonic trans- ducer array is presented. It allows the choice of a projection scanning plane for any angle around a studied object submerged in water. Fast acquisition of measurement data is achieved as a result of parallel switch- ing of opposite transmitting and receiving transducers in the circular array and vertical movement of the array. The algorithm equalizing the length of measurement rays and the distances between them was elaborated for the reconstruction of projection images. Projection research results of breast phantom obtained by means of the elaborated measurement set- up and compared with mammography simulations (acquired through overlapping of X-ray tomographic images) show that ultrasonic projection method presented in this paper (so-called ultrasonic mammogra- phy) can be applied to the woman’s breast and be used as a diagnosis for an early detection of cancerous lesions. It can, most of all, be used as an alternative or complementary method to standard mammog- raphy, which is harmful because of ionizing radiation and invasive due to the mechanical compression of tissue.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2014, 39, 4; 559-568
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Equidistant map projections of a triaxial ellipsoid with the use of reduced coordinates
Autorzy:
Pędzich, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
projekcja mapy
elipsoida trójosiowa
współrzędne geocentryczne
map projection
triaxial ellipsoid
reduced coordinates
geocentric coordinates
planetocentric coordinates
Opis:
The paper presents a new method of constructing equidistant map projections of a triaxial ellipsoid as a function of reduced coordinates. Equations for x and y coordinates are expressed with the use of the normal elliptic integral of the second kind and Jacobian elliptic functions. This solution allows to use common known and widely described in literature methods of solving such integrals and functions. The main advantage of this method is the fact that the calculations of x and y coordinates are practically based on a single algorithm that is required to solve the elliptic integral of the second kind. Equations are provided for three types of map projections: cylindrical, azimuthal and pseudocylindrical. These types of projections are often used in planetary cartography for presentation of entire and polar regions of extraterrestrial objects. The paper also contains equations for the calculation of the length of a meridian and a parallel of a triaxial ellipsoid in reduced coordinates. Moreover, graticules of three coordinates systems (planetographic, planetocentric and reduced) in developed map projections are presented. The basic properties of developed map projections are also described. The obtained map projections may be applied in planetary cartography in order to create maps of extraterrestrial objects.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2017, 66, 2; 271-290
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Demograficzny obraz województwa śląskiego na tle przemian ludnościowych w Polsce – szanse, zagrożenia, prognozy
Silesian Voivodeship Demographic Portrait Against Population Processes in Poland - Chances, Dangers, Projections
Autorzy:
Zygmunt, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
demographic capital
vital statistics
migration
population structures
population projection
demographic senility
kapitał demograficzny
ruch naturalny
ruch wędrówkowy
struktury ludności
prognozy demograficzne
starość demograficzna
Opis:
This article presents an analysis of the most important demographic phenomena and processes connected with vital statistics and migration which took place in Silesian viovodeship between 2002 and 2007. The analysis is compared to population transformations in Poland. The authoress describes demographic phenomena in Silesian voivodeship such as: contracting marriages and dissolving marriages, reproduction, fertility and mortality as well as internal and international migration. She also presents population structure by sex and age. The last part of the article contains long-term population projection related to demographic potential of Silesian voivodeship.
Opracowanie stanowi analizę najważniejszych zjawisk i procesów demograficznych, odnoszących się do ruchu naturalnego i wędrówkowego, jakie miały miejsce w województwie śląskim, w latach 2002–2007, zaprezentowaną na tle przemian ludnościowych w Polsce. Omówione zostały zjawiska związane z tworzeniem i rozpadem rodzin, jak również z rozrodczością i umieralnością w badanej populacji. Z kolei analiza ruchu wędrówkowego objęła zarówno migracje wewnętrzne, jak i zewnętrzne. W kontekście zmian, jakie miały miejsce we wspomnianych obszarach, zaprezentowano struktury ludności województwa śląskiego z uwzględnieniem płci oraz wieku. W podsumowaniu zawarto długoterminowe prognozy ludnościowe związane z potencjałem demograficznym województwa śląskiego.
Źródło:
Studia Socjologiczne; 2009, 4(195); 213-229
0039-3371
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A general iterative solver for unbalanced inconsistent transportation problems
Autorzy:
Carp, D.
Popa, C.
Serban, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
inconsistent linear inequalities
least squares solutions
projection-type algorithm
Kaczmarz Extended
transportation problem
simplex algorithm
Han’s algorithm
problemy transportowe
algorytm Simplex
algorytm Hana
Opis:
The transportation problem, as a particular case of a linear programme, has probably the highest relative frequency with which appears in applications. At least in its classical formulation, it involves demands and supplies. When, for practical reasons, the total demand cannot satisfy the total supply, the problem becomes unbalanced and inconsistent, and must be reformulated as e.g. finding a least squares solution of an inconsistent system of linear inequalities. A general iterative solver for this class of problems has been proposed by S. P. Han in his 1980 original paper. The drawback of Han’s algorithm consists in the fact that it uses in each iteration the computation of the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse numerical solution of a subsystem of the initial one, which for bigger dimensions can cause serious computational troubles. In order to overcome these difficulties we propose in this paper a general projection-based minimal norm solution approximant to be used within Han-type algorithms for approximating least squares solutions of inconsistent systems of linear inequalities. Numerical experiments and comparisons on some inconsistent transport model problems are presented.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2016, 37, 1; 7-13
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fifth IPCC Assessment Report now out
Autorzy:
Kundzewicz, Z.W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
IPCC zob.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
climate change
climate change impact
adaptation
mitigation
scenario
projection
climate system
greenhouse
gas emission
Opis:
The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is now available. It provides policymakers with an assessment of information on climate change, its impacts and possible response options (adaptation and mitigation). Summaries for policymakers of three reports of IPCC working groups and of the Synthesis Report have now been approved by IPCC plenaries. This present paper reports on the most essential findings in AR5. It briefly informs on the contents of reports of all IPCC working groups. It discusses the physical science findings, therein observed changes (ubiquitous warming, shrinking cryosphere, sea level rise, changes in precipitation and extremes, and biogeochemical cycles). It deals with the drivers of climate change, progress in climate system understanding (evaluation of climate models, quantification of climate system responses), and projections for the future. It reviews impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, including observed changes, key risks, key reasons for concern, sectors and systems, and managing risks and building resilience. Finally, mitigation of climate change is discussed, including greenhouse gas emissions in the past, present and future, and mitigation in sectors. It is hoped that the present article will encourage the readership of this journal to dive into the AR5 report that provides a wealth of useful information.
Źródło:
Papers on Global Change; 2014, 21
2300-8121
1730-802X
Pojawia się w:
Papers on Global Change
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 18

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