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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    An approach to modeling and thermodynamic analysis of modern power engineering systems
    Autorzy:
    Kozaczka, J.
    Kolat, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185820.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    CCS
    energia
    termodynamika
    modelowanie
    power engineering
    energy
    thermodynamics
    Opis:
    The new efficient method of modeling and thermodynamic analysis of power engineering systems has been presented. With its help a comparison of different structures and investigation of the influence of a particular constituent process onto the whole system efficiency is possible. The shaft work or the energy is the main thermodynamic quantity taken into account in analyses, and the appropriate dimensionless modeling parameter has been introduced.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 4; 401-410
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New ideas in distributed cogeneration and power engineering
    Autorzy:
    Kiciński, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/175500.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    distributed generation
    renewable energy sources
    ecological power engineering
    Opis:
    This paper presents examples of technologies for distributed energy generation developed at the The Szewalski Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdańsk. These are combined heat and power (CHP) units (generating heat and electricity) for houses with a power from several to tens of kW and for municipalities in the form of the Municipal Energy Centres (with a capacity of several hundred kW up to several MW). A unique project, specializing in ‘energy-plus’ technologies for individual houses and other buildings, which aims to build a Research Centre of PAS in Jabłonna is also presented. These are key technologies for energy sector with respect to distributed generation. Additionally, the article discusses the conditions and opportunities for the development of civil energy generation in our country. Civic energy generation is a great vision in which the citizen becomes an entity and do not subject to the energy market, and additionally has its virtual advisor in the form of smart grid and data processing technologies in a ‘digital cloud’.
    Źródło:
    Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery; 2015, 127; 7-25
    0079-3205
    Pojawia się w:
    Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Green energy transformation in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kiciński, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environmentally friendly power engineering
    energy transformation
    low-emission technologies
    civic power engineering
    energetyka przyjazna środowisku
    transformacja energii
    technologie niskoemisyjne
    energetyka obywatelska
    Opis:
    Is the world’s power engineering at a crossroads? Will ongoing climate changes and rise of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Smart City or e-mobility give us a completely different perspective on the world’s future energy? What are our actual visions and development forecasts in this matter? Who is right concerning this matter, large energy companies and some politicians, environmentalists, climate researchers and all kinds of visionaries? Is transformation based on solar energy and hydrogen a holy grail for the energy sector? The author of this article tries to find answers to these and many other questions. Today we can already accept as a proven thesis that rapid and dangerous climate changes for our civilisation can also be attributed to high carbon and low-efficient power engineering. Power engineering and climate neutrality are no longer just problems for politicians, companies, and scientists, but have become a challenge for our civilisation. If we are to save the Earth, our civilisation has to change its mentality and develop ideas that will not prioritise economic growth and high consumption but sustainable growth in harmony with nature. For this to happen, the way people think about energy and global transformation must also change. The foregoing general remarks, but also the fact that a gradual transition from traditional large-scale fossil fuel-based energy generation to distributed energy generation based on renewable resources is inevitable, constitute the main message of this article. The article also aims to discuss the role of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IMP PAN) in Gdańsk in the process of energy transformation in our country. The institute, as the coordinating entity of over a dozen of high-budgeted national and European projects in the field of environmentally-friendly power engineering, has contributed to some extent to the creation of conditions required for the development of prosumer power engineering (or more broadly: civic power engineering) in our country.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 1; e136213, 1--15
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Green energy transformation in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kiciński, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173583.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environmentally friendly power engineering
    energy transformation
    low-emission technologies
    civic power engineering
    energetyka przyjazna środowisku
    transformacja energii
    technologie niskoemisyjne
    energetyka obywatelska
    Opis:
    Is the world’s power engineering at a crossroads? Will ongoing climate changes and rise of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Smart City or e-mobility give us a completely different perspective on the world’s future energy? What are our actual visions and development forecasts in this matter? Who is right concerning this matter, large energy companies and some politicians, environmentalists, climate researchers and all kinds of visionaries? Is transformation based on solar energy and hydrogen a holy grail for the energy sector? The author of this article tries to find answers to these and many other questions. Today we can already accept as a proven thesis that rapid and dangerous climate changes for our civilisation can also be attributed to high carbon and low-efficient power engineering. Power engineering and climate neutrality are no longer just problems for politicians, companies, and scientists, but have become a challenge for our civilisation. If we are to save the Earth, our civilisation has to change its mentality and develop ideas that will not prioritise economic growth and high consumption but sustainable growth in harmony with nature. For this to happen, the way people think about energy and global transformation must also change. The foregoing general remarks, but also the fact that a gradual transition from traditional large-scale fossil fuel-based energy generation to distributed energy generation based on renewable resources is inevitable, constitute the main message of this article. The article also aims to discuss the role of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IMP PAN) in Gdańsk in the process of energy transformation in our country. The institute, as the coordinating entity of over a dozen of high-budgeted national and European projects in the field of environmentally-friendly power engineering, has contributed to some extent to the creation of conditions required for the development of prosumer power engineering (or more broadly: civic power engineering) in our country.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 1; art. no. e136213
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Verification of a Novel Method of Detecting Faults in Medium-Voltage Systems with Covered Conductors
    Autorzy:
    Mišák, S.
    Hamacek, Š.
    Bartłomiejczyk, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221694.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    fault trees
    partial discharges
    fault diagnosis
    power engineering
    power overhead lines
    Opis:
    This paper describes the use of new methods of detecting faults in medium-voltage overhead lines built of covered conductors. The methods mainly address such faults as falling of a conductor, contacting a conductor with a tree branch, or falling a tree branch across three phases of a medium-voltage conductor. These faults cannot be detected by current digital relay protection systems. Therefore, a new system that can detect the above mentioned faults was developed. After having tested its operation, the system has already been implemented to protect mediumvoltage overhead lines built of covered conductors.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2017, 24, 2; 277-288
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Risk level analysis in the selected (initial) stage of the project life cycle
    Autorzy:
    Borecki, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841395.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    project management
    risk management
    life cycle
    power engineering
    electrical grid
    Opis:
    This paper focuses on the analysis of selected risks as part of investments in the power engineering at the initial (tender) stage of the life cycle in the context of the method of project management by the Contractor. The study was carried out on the basis of an analysis of over 500 tenders in the power engineering, from the last 5 years, taking into account future forecast data. The analysis carried out in this article was aimed at achieving specific and unique goals and results aimed at creating a useful product, which is the Contractor’s offer in the power engineering, taking into account the most significant risks. The result of this article is to support the project team in implementing risk management in the project at the tender stage. For this purpose, the risks with their basic parameters were defined, which allowed for the development of a risk matrix taking into account the data obtained in the tender procedures of leading electric power distributors. Based on the proposed risk quantification criteria, a list of remedial actions was prepared for all risk types listed in this article. In addition, the aspects of possible elimination/reduction of the impact of the most significant risks that occur at the analyzed stage of the investment life cycle were developed.
    Źródło:
    Management and Production Engineering Review; 2020, 11, 4; 104-112
    2080-8208
    2082-1344
    Pojawia się w:
    Management and Production Engineering Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of manual metal arc multiple repair welding of long operated waterwall on the structure and hardness of the heat affected zone of welded joints
    Autorzy:
    Pikuła, J.
    Łomozik, M.
    Pfeifer, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353851.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    repair welding
    waterwall
    manual metal arc welding
    power engineering
    HAZ
    Opis:
    Welded installations failures of power plants, which are often result from a high degree of wear, requires suitable repairs. In the case of cracks formed in the weld bead of waterwall, weld bead is removed and new welded joint is prepared. However, it is associated with consecutive thermal cycles, which affect properties of heat affected zone of welded joint. This study presents the influence of multiple manual metal arc welding associated with repair activities of long operated waterwall of boiler steel on properties of repair welded joints. The work contains the results of macro and microscopic metallographic examination as well as the results of hardness measurements.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 327-333
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Do we have a chance for small-scale energy generation? The examples of technologies and devices for distributed energy systems in micro & small scale in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kiciński, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201454.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    distributed energy generation
    renewable energy sources
    ecological power engineering
    energy technologies
    Opis:
    This paper presents examples of technologies for distributed energy generation developed under the projects coordinated by the IFFM PAS in Gdańsk. These are CHP units (generating heat and electricity) for houses with a power from several to tens of kW and for municipalities in the form of the Municipal Energy Centers (with a capacity of several hundred kW up to several MW). A unique project, specializing in “energy-plus” technologies for residential houses and other buildings, which aims to build a Research Centre of PAS in Jabłonna is also presented,. These are key technologies for energy sector with respect to distributed generation. Additionally, the article discusses the conditions and opportunities for the development of energy generation or more broadly: civic energy generation in our country. Civic energy generation is a great vision in which the citizen becomes an entity and do not subject to the energy market, and additionally has its virtual advisor in the form of smart grid and data processing technologies in a “digital cloud”.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 4; 749-756
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Risks related to energy policy of Poland until 2040 (EPP 2040)
    Autorzy:
    Tajduś, Antoni
    Tokarski, Stanisław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853860.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    węgiel kamienny
    węgiel brunatny
    energetyka
    redukcja emisji
    lignite
    hard coal
    power engineering
    efficiency of electricity generation
    emission reduction
    Opis:
    The paper presents a brief outline of the European Union Climate and Energy Package in early 2020, as well as the EU’s plans in this respect until 2030 (Winter Package and Green Deal) and even further until 2050 (EU’s climate neutral target). Also the current condition of power generation in Poland and challenges for Polish energy sector in the nearest future are discussed. The Energy Policy of Poland until 2040 (EPP 2040) is analysed in relation to possible risks and dangers. Some improvements are proposed in regard to the implementation of the document. In addition, the current volume and perspectives of hard coal and lignite mining in Poland until 2040 are discussed and compared with an expected demand for coal in Polish power plants and combined heat and power stations. On the basis of the prognosis of energy consumption in the period 2031-2040, there seems to appear a serious risk of energy shortage due to a possible delay in a nuclear power project and lack of lignite mining at the level defined in EPP 2040 policy. Therefore, some variants of providing the security of energy supplies are taken into account and thoroughly analysed in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Mining Sciences; 2020, 65, 4; 877-899
    0860-7001
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Mining Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fusion 2050 : European and Polish Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Romaniuk, R. S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226588.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    European research programs
    7FP
    accelerator science and technology
    large research infrastructures
    JET
    ITER
    IFMIF
    DEMO
    nuclear fusion
    thermonuclear power engineering
    DT fusion
    Neutrons
    aneutronic technologies
    inertial fusion
    tokomak
    stellarator
    fusion reactor
    tritium
    electronics for fusion
    Opis:
    Fusion, in all its varieties, is a very current subject of science and technology. The results of strongly exothermic reaction of thermonuclear fusion between nuclei of deuterium and tritium are: helium nuclei and neutrons, plus considerable kinetic energy of neutrons of over 14 MeV. DT nuclides synthesis reaction is probably not the most favorable one for energy production, but is the most advanced technologically. More efficient would be possibly an aneutronic fusion. The EU by its EURATOM agenda prepared a Road Map for research and implementation of Fusion as a commercial method of thermonuclear energy generation in the time horizon of 2050. The milestones on this road are tokomak experiments JET, ITER and DEMO, and neutron experiment IFMIF. There is a hope, that by engagement of the national government, and all research and technical fusion and plasma communities, part of this Road Map may be realized in Poland. The infrastructure build for fusion experiments may be also used for material engineering research, chemistry, biomedical, associated with environment protection, power engineering, security, etc. Construction of such research and industrial accelerator and tokomak infrastructure may have potentially a profound meaning for the development of science and technology in Poland.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2014, 60, 1; 95-101
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Multiparameter reliability model for SiC power MOSFET subjected to repetitive thermomechanical load
    Autorzy:
    Bąba, Sebastian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173625.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    reliability engineering
    reliability modelling
    power MOSFET
    SiC
    silicon carbide
    inżynieria niezawodności
    modelowanie niezawodności
    węglik krzemu
    tranzystor mocy MOSFET
    Opis:
    The main drawback of any Design for Reliability methodology is lack of easy accessible reliability models, prepared individually for each critical component. In this paper, a reliability model for SiC power MOSFET in SOT – 227 B housing, subjected to power cycling, is presented. Discussion covers preparation of Accelerated Lifetime Test required to develop such reliability model, analysis of semiconductor degradation progress, samples post-failure analysis and identification of reliability model parameters. Such model may be further used for failure prognostics or useful lifetime estimation of High Performance Power Supplies.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 3; art. no. e137386
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Multiparameter reliability model for SiC power MOSFET subjected to repetitive thermomechanical load
    Autorzy:
    Bąba, Sebastian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090738.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    reliability engineering
    reliability modelling
    power MOSFET
    SiC
    silicon carbide
    inżynieria niezawodności
    modelowanie niezawodności
    węglik krzemu
    tranzystor mocy MOSFET
    Opis:
    The main drawback of any Design for Reliability methodology is lack of easy accessible reliability models, prepared individually for each critical component. In this paper, a reliability model for SiC power MOSFET in SOT – 227 B housing, subjected to power cycling, is presented. Discussion covers preparation of Accelerated Lifetime Test required to develop such reliability model, analysis of semiconductor degradation progress, samples post-failure analysis and identification of reliability model parameters. Such model may be further used for failure prognostics or useful lifetime estimation of High Performance Power Supplies.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 3; e137386, 1--8
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Architektoniczny projekt turbiny wiatrowej dla lepszej akceptacji społecznej
    Architectural wind turbine design for improved social acceptance
    Autorzy:
    Gawlikowska, A. P.
    Moy de Vitry, M.
    Chokani, N.
    Abhari, R. S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145807.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    energetyka wiatrowa
    akceptacja społeczności lokalnej
    partycypacja
    architektura
    analiza inżynieryjna
    psychologia formy
    sprawiedliwość proceduralna
    wind power
    acceptance of local community
    participation
    architecture
    engineering analysis
    psychology of form
    procedural justice
    Opis:
    Obecny trend w sektorze energii minimalizacji zależności od paliw kopalnych opiera się na stopniowym rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii. W celu utrzymania ekonomicznie wydajnego tempa rozwoju energetyki wiatrowej, w krajach północnej Europy i która jest technologicznie zaawansowana, należy znaleźć rozwiązania dla powiększającej się bariery społecznej. Proponowane jest w tym celu zastosowanie Architektonicznego Projektu Turbiny Wiatrowej. Sugerowane podejście dostosowuje rozwiązania z innych obszarów ludzkiego doświadczenia, które tradycyjnie stosują rozwiązania dla sytuacji, w których następuje interakcja społeczeństwa ze sztucznymi wyrobami i konstrukcjami. Proponowane podejście wykorzystuje doświadczenia z zakresu architektury, urbanistyki i marketingu, uwzględniając jednocześnie kryteria inżynieryjne i możliwości produkcji. Biorąc pod uwagę psychologię formy, został zaproponowany nowy Architektoniczny Projekt Turbiny Wiatrowej. Projekt uwzględnia estetyczne wytyczne dotyczące proporcji oraz bierze pod uwagę elementy psychologiczne np. poczucie bezpieczeństwa i wprowadzenia strefy buforowej między skalą turbiny a skalą otaczającego krajobrazu. W innowacyjny sposób nadaje tożsamość, proponując wprowadzenie dodatkowych funkcji przestrzennych i partycypacyjnego procesu projektowania. Integralność strukturalna nowatorskiej turbiny wiatrowej jest lepsza od tradycyjnej konstrukcji w warunkach obniżonego naprężenia, odkształcenia i wyboczenia oraz posiada większą obciążalność. Dzieje się to kosztem dodatkowej wagi i złożoności elementów strukturalnych, prowadząc również do możliwej nieznacznej poprawy wydajności rocznej produkcji elektryczności i przedłużenia strukturalnej i mechanicznej długości życia turbiny.
    The current trend in the energy sector to minimize fossil fuel dependency relies on the gradual growth of renewable energy sources. In order to ensure the further development of wind energy, which is economically efficient and technologically advanced, barriers to social acceptance must be mitigated. The use of Architecturally Designed Wind Turbines is proposed as a novel approach to this challenge. By adapting solutions from other fields of human activity, which traditionally address social interaction with man-made products and structures, the proposed approach uses experiences from architecture, urban planning and marketing, and incorporates them into a well-engineered wind turbine mechanical design and manufacturability. Taking account of the psychology of form, a novel architectural design for wind turbines is proposed, which respects aesthetical guidelines for proportions and gives sense of security and gradual scale buffer zone issues. The innovation in addressing the phenomenon of identity is based on additional social functionalities and a participatory design process. The structural integrity of the novel wind turbine design is superior to the traditional one in terms of decreased stresses, deflection and buckling, and increased load capacity. At the cost of additional weight and complexity, the new design allows for a slight improvement of the annual energy yield and increases the structural and mechanical life expectancy of the turbine.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki; 2016, 61, 4; 65-88
    0023-5865
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analyse of the challenges for safe transition from individual intraoperable railway systems to the single European interoperable railway system
    Analiza wyzwań dla bezpiecznego przejścia od indywidualnych intraoperacyjnych krajowych systemów kolejowych do jednego europejskiego interoperacyjnego systemu kolei
    Autorzy:
    Pawlik, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/231150.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    kolej
    interoperacyjność
    intraoperacyjność
    droga kolejowa
    zasilanie trakcyjne
    sterowanie
    kontrola jazdy
    akceptacja wzajemna
    bezpieczeństwo
    railway system
    interoperability
    intraoperability
    railway civil engineering
    traction power supply
    control command
    signaling
    cross-acceptance
    safety
    Opis:
    Due to different reasons a significant modal shift from railway to road transport took place over last decades. The basic reasons are pointed in the paper introduction together with contradicting transport policy taking into account environmental and economical challenges. Political vision to stimulate modal shift from road and air to railway cannot become true without achieving railway technical and operational interoperability. Paper describes wide range of technical barriers between individual intraoperable railway systems in civil engineering structures, traction power supply, control command and signalling and the ways, which are being applied to ensure stepwise converging of the technical solutions taking into account safety and technical compatibility, as well as other essential requirements, namely: reliability, accessibility, health and environment.
    Europejska polityka transportowa od dwudziestu już lat zakłada secesję kolei jako ekonomicznie i środowiskowo cennego środka transportu. Tak się jednak nie dzieje, więc pytanie o przyczyny jest jak najbardziej zasadne. Artykuł wychodzi od powodów i uwarunkowań szybkiego rozwoju kolei w pierwszej połowie dwudziestego wieku by pokazać praprzyczyny dzisiejszego braku konkurencyjności kolei oraz wyzwania i rozwiązania proponowane i stosowane dla właściwego uwzględnienia kolei w zrównoważonym systemie transportu w Unii Europejskiej.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Civil Engineering; 2016, 62, 4/II; 169-180
    1230-2945
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Civil Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

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