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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Concepts of energy use of municipal solid waste
    Autorzy:
    Primus, Arkadiusz
    Chmielniak, Tadeusz
    Rosik-Dulewska, Czesława
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845411.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    municipal solid waste
    hydrogen
    fuel cells
    cogeneration
    waste gasification
    Opis:
    The introduction highlights the technologies of converting the chemical energy of biomass and municipal waste into various forms of final energy (electricity, heat, cooling, new fuels) as important in the pursuit of a low- -carbon economy, especially for energy and transport sector. The work continues to focus mainly on gasification as a process of energy valorization of the initial form of biomass or waste, which does not imply that other methods of biomass energy use are not considered or used. Furthermore, the article presents a general technological flowchart of gasification with a gas purification process developed by Investeko S.A. in the framework of Lifecogeneration.pl. In addition, selected properties of the municipal waste residual fraction are described, which are of key importance when selecting the technology for its energy recovery. Significant quality parameters were identified, which have a significant impact on the production and quality of syngas, hydrogen production and electricity generation capacity in SOFC cells. On the basis of the research on the waste stream, a preliminary qualitative assessment was made in the context of the possibility of using the waste gasification technology, syngas production with a significant share of hydrogen and in combination with the technology of energy production in oxide-ceramic SOFC cells. The article presents configurations of energy systems with a fuel cell, with particular emphasis on oxide fuel cells and their integration with waste gasification process. An important part of the content of the article is also the environmental protection requirements for the proposed solution.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2021, 47, 2; 70-80
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Segregation of waste at source reduces the environmental hazards of municipal solid waste in Patna, India
    Autorzy:
    Singh, A.
    Raj, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204624.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    municipal solid waste
    Patna
    environmental pollution
    logistic regression
    Opis:
    Though Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a worldwide problem, the collected wastes are dumped in open dumping at landfilling sites while the uncollected wastes remain strewn on the roadside, many-a-time clogging drainage. Such unsafe and inadequate management of MSW causes spread of bacteria, viruses, particulate matter, dioxins and other harmful pollutants in the surroundings and atmosphere. Hence, due to the repeated exposure of population to these pollutants can lead to serious health problems such as Diarrhea/Dysentery, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and Asthma/Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD). Therefore, two-phase study included secondary data on diseases caused due to environmental pollution and primary data on MSW and lack of MSW management from 127 households in urban Patna, India. The random sampling method was used for collection of primary survey data, conducted during 2015–16 in selected areas of Patna. Logistic regression model odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used to show the strength of the associations among segregation of wastes at source, segregation behavior, collection bins in the area, distance of collection bins from a residential area, and transportation of MSW. The ROC is a statistical technique to validate the logistic regression method that predicts the occurrence of an event through the comparison of probability picture of an event occurrence observed by probability and the predicted probability of the same event. The area under the ROC curve is up to 0.889 extent, which reveals that the ‘segregation of waste at source’ has a very strong scope to accomplish sustainable recycling at urban Patna in order to manage waste with the overall accuracy of 92.126%, which proves a better fi t logistic regression model. Hence, this paper concludes that ‘segregation of waste at source’ helps to attain sustainable recycling which would be the most viable approach to manage MSW in Patna and would eventually reduce environmental pollutants for the public health safety.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2018, 44, 4; 96-110
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact Of Aerobic Biostabilisation And Biodrying Process Of Municipal Solid Waste On Minimisation Of Waste Deposited In Landfills
    Autorzy:
    Dziedzic, K.
    Łapczyńska-Kordon, B.
    Malinowski, M.
    Sikora, J.
    Niemiec, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185690.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    municipal solid waste
    biostabilisation
    biodrying
    stałe odpady komunalne
    biostabilizacja w warunkach tlenowych
    biosuszenie
    Opis:
    The article discusses an innovative system used for aerobic biostabilisation and biological drying of solid municipal waste. A mechanical–biological process (MBT) of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment were carried out and monitored in 5 bioreactors. A two-stage biological treatment process has been used in the investigation. In the first step an undersize fraction was subjected to the biological stabilisation for a period of 14 days as a result of which there was a decrease of loss on ignition, but not sufficient to fulfill the requirements of MBT technology. In the second stage of a biological treatment has been applied 7-days intensive bio-drying of MSW using sustained high temperatures in bioreactor. The article presents the results of the chemical composition analysis of the undersize fraction and waste after biological drying, and also the results of temperature changes, pH ratio, loss on ignition, moisture content, combustible and volatile matter content, heat of combustion and calorific value of wastes. The mass balance of the MBT of MSW with using the innovative aeration system showed that only 14.5% of waste need to be landfilled, 61.5% could be used for thermal treatment, and nearly 19% being lost in the process as CO2 and H2O.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2015, 36, 4; 381-394
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kinetic Constants of Decomposition of the Municipal Solid Waste Prior to and after Mechanical-Biological Processing. Field Scale
    Stałe kinetyczne rozkładu zmieszanych odpadów komunalnych przed i po mechaniczno-biologicznym przetworzeniu. Skala polowa
    Autorzy:
    Suchowska-Kisielewicz, M.
    Jędrczak, A.
    Myszograj, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204887.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    surowe odpady komunalne
    odcieki
    mechaniczno-biologiczne przetwarzanie odpadów
    stała szybkość rozkładu
    landfill
    leachate
    municipal solid waste
    mechanical-biological treatment
    rate constants decomposition
    Opis:
    One of the major tasks of municipal waste management in European Union countries is the systematic reduction of waste that is removed and transported to landfills. This refers particularly to biodegradable waste. One of the methods employed to decrease waste amount is Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) of the waste, before it is stored. The article presents characteristics of MSW and biologically pre-treated municipal solid waste, organic carbon loads emitted in biogas and leachate during waste deposition in a landfill. Its decomposition rate constants were determined on the basis of modified Zacharof and Butler’s stochastic model. The values of decomposition rate constants determined for MSW had similar change trends to those presented in the literature: the hydrolysis constant had the lowest value (2.6 × 10-5 d-1), the highest acid phase constant (4.1 × 10-4 d-1), while the methane phase constant - 2.2 × 10-4 d-1. The PMSW decomposition rate constants in each anaerobic waste degradation phase had similar change trends, though their values were higher, by 21, 11 and 19%, respectively.
    Istotnym zadaniem gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w krajach UE jest systematyczne zmniejszanie ilości odpadów komunalnych usuwanych na składowiska, w tym zwłaszcza odpadów ulegających biodegradacji. Jedną z metod stosowanych do realizacji tego celu jest mechaniczno-biologiczne przetwarzanie odpadów komunalnych (MBP) przed ich składowaniem. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę surowych odpadów komunalnych (ZOK) i wstępnie przetworzonych biologicznie, ładunki węgla organicznego emitowane w biogazie i odciekach podczas ich składowania oraz wyznaczono stałe szybkości rozkładu tych odpadów w oparciu o zmodyfi kowany stochastyczny model Zacharof’a i Butler’a. Wartości wyznaczonych dla ZOK stałych szybkości rozkładu mieściły się w bardzo szerokich zakresach prezentowanych w literaturze, a ich relacje zachowywały podobne tendencje zmian; stała hydrolizy miała najniższą wartość (2,6×10-5 d-1), co potwierdziło limitujący jej wpływ na szybkość rozkładu, stała fazy kwaśnej najwyższą (4,1×10-4 d-1), a stała fazy metanowej – 2,2×10-4 d-1). Stałe szybkości rozkładu PMSW w poszczególnych fazach beztlenowej degradacji odpadów zachowywały podobne tendencje zmian, jednakże ich wartości były wyższe, odpowiednio o 21, 11 i 19%.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2012, 38, 4; 71-86
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recycling of selected fraction of municipal solid waste as artificial soil substrate in support of the circular economy
    Autorzy:
    Alwaeli, Mohamed
    Alshawaf, Mohammad
    Klasik, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2232549.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    municipal solid waste
    artificial soil substrates
    crop production
    soil deficiency
    germination rate
    odpady komunalne stałe
    gleba
    szybkość kiełkowania
    produkcja roślinna
    składniki gleby
    sztuczna gleba
    Opis:
    Regions with warm climate are poor in organic matter or have a deficit of soil. The purpose of the work was to select the optimal mix from biodegradable wastes such as cardboard (Cb), natural textiles (Tx) newspaper (Np), colored newspaper (Cp), and office paper (Op) for creating artificial soil by combining these materials with compost and sand. To select the optimum mix, 15 samples were taken (3 from each type of waste in the following proportions: 25%, 50% and 75% ). The optimum mix was analyzed for grass germination rate and root development. Tests were performed in the laboratory with conditions similar to those of regions with warm climate and soil deficiency in a specially designed testing spot (bioterm). The effects of particular mixes on plant germination rate and growth were measured. Out of all mixes, the textile compositions Tx50 and Tx25 supported best the plant propagation. During the whole experimental process, the grass showed various growth tendencies. The best results for grass height were observed for mixes with textiles and colored newspaper. Based on this data and subsequent laboratory research, the best substrate composition was selected. For the whole period of the tests, germination rate in the pot with the mix was higher than the germination rate in the control sample with compost. Considering the experimental conditions of this research, the tested substrates can be used to aid in plant propagation, especially in regions with warm climate and soil deficiencies, and for restoration of damaged land areas.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2022, 48, 4; 68--77
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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