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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16
Tytuł:
Some Useful Results Related with Sampling Theorem and Reconstruction Formula
Autorzy:
Borys, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sampling theorem
cardinal series
reconstruction formula
Opis:
In this paper, we present some useful results related with the sampling theorem and the reconstruction formula. The first of them regards a relation existing between bandwidths of interpolating functions different from a perfectreconstruction one and the bandwidth of the latter. Furthermore, we prove here that two non-identical interpolating functions can have the same bandwidths if and only if their (same) bandwidth is a multiple of the bandwidth of an original unsampled signal. The next result shows that sets of sampling points of two nonidentical (but not necessarily interpolating) functions possessing different bandwidths are unique for all sampling periods smaller or equal to a given period (calculated in a theorem provided). These results are completed by the following one: in case of two different signals possessing the same bandwidth but different spectra shapes, their sets of sampling points must differ from each other.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 3; 471-475
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some Topological Aspects of Sampling Theorem and Reconstruction Formula
Autorzy:
Borys, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
topological issues
reconstruction formula
sampling theorem
Opis:
We present here a few thoughts regarding topological aspects of transferring a signal of a continuous time into its discrete counterpart and recovering an analog signal from its discrete-time equivalent. In our view, the observations presented here highlight the essence of the above transformations. Moreover, they enable deeper understanding of the reconstruction formula and of the sampling theorem. We also interpret here these two borderline cases that are associated with a time quantization step going to zero, on the one hand, and approaching its greatest value provided by the sampling theorem, on the other.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 2; 301-307
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modification of Constrained Rod Casting Mold for New Hot Tearing Measurement
Autorzy:
Malau, V.
Akhyar, H.
Iswanto, P. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hot tearing
CRCM-Horizontal
HTS formula
casting
Opis:
Hot tearing severity was evaluated in this experiment by introducing a new apparatus called Constrained Rod Casting Modified Horizontal (CRCM-Horizontal). Six constraint bars with different lengths can produce hot tearing on the cast sample. Mold position was modified from vertical to horizontal and the shape was changed from a harp shape to a star shape, which allows for the liquid metal to feed into each rod cavity simultaneously. Hot tearing development was recorded along the bars by a digital camera. A new Hot Tearing Susceptibility ( HTS) formula was developed for quantitative investigation of hot tearing on a cast sample. The parameters of the HTS formula are bar length of cast sample (Li), tear severity (Ci) and location of hot tear (Pi). Footprint charts and hot tear scales are used to illustrate hot tearing severity. The experiment was conducted with Al-1.36Zn-1.19Si and Al-5.9Cu-1.9Mg alloys to investigate the sensibility of the apparatus and modification its operation.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1201-1208
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of positive elevation effect and prediction of vibration velocity of bench blasting vibration
Autorzy:
Zhang, X. J.
An, H. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853676.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
drgania wybuchowe
efekt podniesienia pozytywny
formuła kroku
strzał
kopalnia
blasting vibration
positive elevation effect
step formula
mine
blasting
Opis:
Accurate prediction of blasting vibration should be achieved in mine blasting production practice. It is also a critical problem in the field of blasting vibration control technology research. In this research paper, on the basis of the previous research results and taking account into the reflection principle of elastic wave at the free interface, the authours proposes the blasting seismic wave propagation model. In addition, the blasting positive elevation effect are theoretically explained in detail, and the vibration velocity prediction formula of the positive elevation effect is derived. Finally, the positive elevation effect mechanism and the step (positive) formula are calibrated based on the on-site monitoring data of blasting vibration of Qipanjing Jinou coal mine. In beirf, a theoretical basis is laid by this paper for similar blasting projects.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2021, 67, 1; 599-618
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimal allocation of DG units in distribution system considering variation in active power load
Autorzy:
Kumar, M.V. Likith
Bilgundi, Srishail K.
Pradeepa, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
exact loss formula
loss reduction
loss sensitivity formula
optimal DG placement
uncertainties in active power load
voltage profile
Opis:
High distribution system power-losses are predominantly due to lack of investments in R&D for improving the efficiency of the system and improper planning during installation. Outcomes of this are un-designed extensions of the distributing power lines, the burden on the system components like transformers and overhead (OH) lines/conductors and deficient reactive power supply leading to drop in a system voltage. Distributed generation affects the line power flow and voltage levels on the system equipment. These impacts of distributed generation (DG) may be to improve system efficiency or reduce it depending on the operating environment/conditions of the distribution system and allocation of capacitors. For this purpose, allocating of distributed generation optimally for a given radial distribution system can be useful for the system outlining and improve efficiency. In this paper, a new method is used for optimally allocating the DG units in the radial distribution system to curtail distribution system losses and improve voltage profile. Also, the variation in active power load in the system is considered for effective utilization of DG units. To evidence the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, computer simulations are carried out in MATLAB software on the IEEE-33 bus system and Vastare practical 116 bus system.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2019, 68, 2; 265-277
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the Lagrange-Sylvester formula to computation of the solution to state equations of fractional linear systems
Autorzy:
Kaczorek, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
computation
solution
formula Lagrange-Sylvester
fractional
continuous-time
discrete-time
linear
system
obliczenia
rozwiązanie
formuła Lagrange-Sylvester
czas ciągły
czas dyskretny
liniowy
Opis:
The Lagrange-Sylvester formula is applied to the computation of the solutions of state equations of fractional continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems. The solutions are given as finite sums with their numbers of components equal to the degrees of the minimal characteristics polynomials of state matrices of the systems. Procedures for computations of the solutions are given and illustrated by numerical examples of continuous-time and discrete-time fractional linear systems.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136729, 1--5
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the Lagrange-Sylvester formula to computation of the solution to state equations of fractional linear systems
Autorzy:
Kaczorek, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
computation
solution
formula Lagrange-Sylvester
fractional
continuous-time
discrete-time
linear
system
obliczenie
rozwiązanie
formuła Lagrange-Sylvester
czas ciągły
czas dyskretny
liniowy
Opis:
The Lagrange-Sylvester formula is applied to the computation of the solutions of state equations of fractional continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems. The solutions are given as finite sums with their numbers of components equal to the degrees of the minimal characteristics polynomials of state matrices of the systems. Procedures for computations of the solutions are given and illustrated by numerical examples of continuous-time and discrete-time fractional linear systems.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136729, 1--5
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SAW sensor for detection of hydrocarbons. Numerical analysis and experimental results
Autorzy:
Hejczyk, T.
Urbańczyk, M.
Wituła, R.
Maciak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
SAW
gas sensor
piezoelectric substrate
Ingebrigtsen's formula
impedance transformation law
numerical modeling
Opis:
The paper presents the results of numerical analyses of the SAW gas sensor in the steady and non-steady state. The effect of SAW velocity changes vs. the surface electrical conductivity of the sensing layer is predicted. The conductivity of the porous sensing layer above the piezoelectric waveguide depends on the profile of the diffused gas molecule concentration inside the layer. Knudsen's model of gas diffusion was used. Numerical results for the gases CH4, C2H4, C3H8, C6H6 in the steady state and CH4 in the non-steady state in the WO3 sensing layer have been shown. The results of numerical analyzes allow to select the sensor design conditions, including the morphology of the sensor layer, its thickness and operating temperature. Some numerical results were verified in experimental studies concerning methane.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 3; 589-595
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of the main elements of the new funding formula on the block grants for Polish universities
Autorzy:
Cieśliński, Jan L.
Różycki, Edgar Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/704532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
financing of higher education
funding formula
block grants
reform of the higher education system
Opis:
In 2017, the new funding formula for distribution of block grants for Polish universities came into force. Based on the figures, we discuss the impact of the new funding formula on block grants for universities. Besides the analysis of both size and structure (partition into different components) of the grants, we present accurate calculations concerning gains or losses for individual universities resulting from the introduction of elements of the algorithm such as: a reduction of the student component if the student-academic staff ratio is greater than 13, multiplication of the staff component by the academic category (based on the evaluation of the research activity) or benefiting the university for enrolling foreign students. The new funding formula provides powerful and fast-acting incentives, and so will have a great influence on the higher education system in Poland.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2017, 4
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of Reverberation Time in Classrooms Using the Residual Minimization Method
Autorzy:
Nowoświat, A.
Olechowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177635.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
reverberation time
Sabine's formula
classroom
residual minimization method
coefficient correcting the Sabine’s model
ODEON
Opis:
The objective of the residual minimization method is to determine a coefficient correcting the Sabine’s model. The Sabine’s equation is the most commonly applied formula in the designing process of room acoustics with the use of analytical methods. The correction of this model is indispensable for its application in rooms having non-diffusive acoustic field. The authors of the present paper will be using the residual minimization method to work out a suitable correction to be applied for classrooms. For this purpose, five different poorly dampened classrooms were selected, in which the measurements of reverberation time were carried out, and for which reverberation time was calculated with the use of theoretical methods. Three of the selected classrooms had the cubic volume of 258.5 m3 and the remaining two had the cubic volume of 190.8 m3. It was sufficient to estimate the correction for the Sabine’s equation. To verify the results, three other classrooms were selected, in which also the measurements of reverberation time were carried out. The results were verified by means of real measurements of reverberation time and by means of computer simulations in the program ODEON.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2017, 42, 4; 609-617
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Responses of positive standard and fractional linear systems and electrical circuits with derivatives of their inputs
Autorzy:
Kaczorek, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
positive fractional linear system
continuous-time
discrete-time
response formula
dyskretny czas
układ ułamkowy
ciągłość czasowa
Opis:
Responses of positive standard and fractional continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems with derivatives of their inputs are presented herein. It is shown that the formulae for state vectors and outputs are also valid for their derivatives if the inputs and outputs and their derivatives of suitable order are zero for t = 0. Similar results are also shown for positive standard and fractional discrete-time linear systems.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2018, 66, 4; 419-425
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Response of a SAW Structure with WO3 Layers on Action of Carbon Monoxide
Autorzy:
Hejczyk, T.
Urbańczyk, M.
Pustelny, T.
Jakubik, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
gas sensor
carbon monoxide (CO)
piezoelectric substrate
numerical modeling
surface acoustic waves
acoustoelectric effects
Ingebrigtsen's formula
Opis:
The paper presents the results of an analysis of gaseous sensors based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) by means of the equivalent model theory. The applied theory analyzes the response of the SAW sensor in the steady state affected by carbon monoxide (CO) in air. A thin layer of WO3 has been used as a sensor layer. The acoustical replacing impedance of the sensor layer was used, which takes into account the profile of the concentration of gas molecules in the layer. Thanks to implementing the Ingebrigtsen equation, the authors determined analytical expressions for the relative changes of the velocity of the surface acoustic wave in the steady state. The results of the analysis have shown that there is an optimum thickness of the layer of CO sensor at which the acoustoelectric effect (manifested here as a change in the acoustic wave velocity) is at its highest. The theoretical results were verified and confirmed experimentally.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2015, 40, 1; 19-24
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical Analysis of Sensitivity of SAW Structure to the Effect of Toxic Gases
Autorzy:
Hejczyk, T.
Pustelny, T.
Wszołek, B.
Jakubik, W.
Maciak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
surface acoustics wave SAW
SAW
Ingebrigtsen’s formula
gas diffusion equations
gaseous acoustic sensors
numerical analyses of SAW structures
Opis:
The paper presents the results of numerical analysis of the SAW gas sensor in the steady and non-steady states. The effect of SAW velocity changes vs surface electrical conductivity of the sensing layer is predicted. The conductivity of the porous sensing layer above the piezoelectric waveguide depends on the profile of the diffused gas molecule concentration inside the layer. The Knudsen’s model of gas diffusion was used. Numerical results for the effect of gas CH4 on layers: WO3, TiO2, NiO, SnO2 in the steady state and CH4 in the non-steady state in recovery step in the WO3 sensing layer have been shown. The main aim of the investigation was to study thin film interaction with target gases in the SAW sensor configuration based on simple reaction-diffusion equation. The results of the numerical analysis allow to select the sensor design conditions, including the morphology of the sensor layer, its thickness, operating temperature, and layer type. The numerical results basing on the code elaborated numerical system (written in Python language), were analysed. The theoretical results were verified and confirmed experimentally.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2016, 41, 4; 747-755
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seeking realistic upper-bounds for internal reliability of systems with uncorrelated observations
Poszukiwanie realistycznych ograniczeń górnych dla niezawodności wewnętrznej układów z obserwacjami nieskorelowanymi
Autorzy:
Prószyński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
rozkład dwumianowy
prawo błędów grubych
sieć geodezyjna
internal reliability
upper bounds
law of gross errors
probability-derived formula
binomial distribution
Opis:
From the theory of reliability it follows that the greater the observational redundancy in a network, the higher is its level of internal reliability. However, taking into account physical nature of the measurement process one may notice that the planned additional observations may increase the number of potential gross errors in a network, not raising the internal reliability to the theoretically expected degree. Hence, it is necessary to set realistic limits for a sufficient number of observations in a network. An attempt to provide principles for finding such limits is undertaken in the present paper. An empirically obtained formula (Adamczewski 2003) called there the law of gross errors, determining the chances that a certain number of gross errors may occur in a network, was taken as a starting point in the analysis. With the aid of an auxiliary formula derived on the basis of the Gaussian law, the Adamczewski formula was modified to become an explicit function of the number of observations in a network. This made it possible to construct tools necessary for the analysis and finally, to formulate the guidelines for determining the upper-bounds for internal reliability indices. Since the Adamczewski formula was obtained for classical networks, the guidelines should be considered as an introductory proposal requiring verification with reference to modern measuring techniques.
Z teorii niezawodności wynika, że im większy jest nadmiar obserwacyjny w sieci, tym wyższy poziom jej niezawodności wewnętrznej. Biorąc jednakże pod uwagę fi zykalną naturę procesu pomiaru można zauważyć, że projektowane dodatkowe obserwacje mogą zwiększyć liczbę potencjalnych błędów grubych w sieci, nie podnosząc niezawodności wewnętrznej do oczekiwanego według teorii poziomu. Niezbędne jest zatem ustalenie realistycznych poziomów górnych dla liczby obserwacji w sieci. W niniejszym artykule podjęta jest próba sformułowania zasad ustalania takich poziomów. Jako punkt wyjściowy w analizie przyjęto uzyskaną na drodze empirycznej formułę (Adamczewski 2003), nazwaną prawem błędów grubych, pozwalającą wyznaczyć prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia w sieci określonej liczby błędów grubych. Przy użyciu pomocniczej zależności wyprowadzonej na podstawie gaussowskiego rozkładu błędów dokonano modyfikacji formuły Adamczewskiego, przekształcając ją w jawną funkcję liczby obserwacji w sieci. Umożliwiło to skonstruowanie narzędzi niezbędnych do analizy, i ostatecznie sformułowanie wskazań co do wyznaczania górnych limitów niezawodności wewnętrznej sieci. Ponieważ formuła Adamczewskiego uzyskana została dla sieci klasycznych, wskazania niniejsze powinny być potraktowane jako wstępna propozycja wymagająca sprawdzenia w odniesieniu do nowoczesnych technik pomiarowych.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2014, 63, 1; 111-121
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On theoretical and practical aspects of Duhamel’s integral
Autorzy:
Różański, Michał
Sikora, Beata
Smuda, Adrian
Wituła, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083463.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Duhamel’s integral
Duhamel’s principle
Duhamel’s formula
Laplace transformation
semigroup of operators
Leibniz integral rule
Volterra integral equation
Caputo fractional derivative
Opis:
The paper is a new approach to the Duhamel integral. It contains an overview of formulas and applications of Duhamel’s integral as well as a number of new results on the Duhamel integral and principle. Basic definitions are recalled and formulas for Duhamel’s integral are derived via Laplace transformation and Leibniz integral rule. Applications of Duhamel’s integral for solving certain types of differential and integral equations are presented. Moreover, an interpretation of Duhamel’s formula in the theory of operator semigroups is given. Some applications of Duhamel’s formula in control systems analysis are discussed. The work is also devoted to the usage of Duhamel’s integral for differential equations with fractional order derivative.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2021, 31, 4; 815-847
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16

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