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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Low Cost Design Methods to Enhance Resolution and Dimensions for Printed Electrodes
    Autorzy:
    Marzęcki, Michał
    Tarapata, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844461.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    technology
    inkjet printing
    resolution
    design method
    interdigital electrodes
    Opis:
    In the paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of interdigital electrodes fabrication with the usage of inkjet printing technology. The emphasis was put to obtain better shape quality and lower spacing between electrodes with respect to typical printing process. The paper presents an analysis of the main factors that have an influence on the dimension and quality of printed structures and proposes two methods that allow eliminating the main problems. The first proposed method is based on controlling the time between patterning of successive drops. While the second method is based on changing the design methods considering printing orientation. Both methods do not require any additional technological processes or the use of any special surface preparation methods. Finally, the obtained results and conclusions were presented and discussed.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 4; 793-799
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A critical review on soil ionisation modelling for grounding electrodes
    Autorzy:
    Mokhtari, M.
    Abdul-Malek, Z.
    Gharehpetian, G.B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950672.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    grounding electrodes
    grounding electrode resistance
    soil ionisation modelling
    Opis:
    Grounding electrode resistance non-linearly changes under impulse conditions due to soil ionisation phenomenon. Several models have been proposed to model soil ionisation for grounding electrodes applications. However, to date, there is yet an attempt made to compile all these works into a comprehensive review article. Therefore, this paper is written with the objective of summarizing all related works in this field as a one– stop reference. With reference to the literature, this paper is written to summarize the working principles of the soil ionisation models as well as the accuracy and performance analysis of the models. This paper, particularly highlights the deficiencies of the available models in terms of accuracy and performance. This knowledge will contribute to the development of a new accurate and efficient soil ionisation model.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2016, 65, 3; 449-461
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research on Changes in Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Welding Caps as a Result of their Usage During Resistance Spot Welding Process
    Autorzy:
    Rdzawski, Zbigniew
    Kwaśniewski, Paweł
    Głuchowski, Wojciech
    Łagoda, Marek
    Maleta, Marcin
    Boczkal, Sonia
    Franczak, Krystian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203749.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    CuCrZr alloy
    resistance spot welding
    mechanical properties
    microanalysis
    tip electrodes
    Opis:
    Mating electrodes made of copper alloys are commonly used for welding galvanized steel sheets used in the production of car bodies. These alloys are characterized by high mechanical properties, a high level of electrical and thermal conductivity as well as the stability of these properties under changing conditions of current, thermal and mechanical load. Much careful attention was paid to the essence of the ongoing structural changes as well as to the mechanical properties in the welding process (RSW - Resistant Spot Welding) of steel sheets, including high-strength ones. There is a lack of research on structural changes and the related mechanical properties occurring in welding electrodes made of copper alloys caused by the welding process. This study is devoted to these issues and contains a critical review of the research results enabling a better understanding of the relationships between the structure and properties of welding electrodes caused by the cyclic welding process. In order to illustrate the phenomena occurring during the welding process, both in the material to be welded and in the tip electrodes, hardness and structural tests were carried out on electrode samples before and after their exploitation. The data collected in the article supplements a certain lack of information in the literature regarding the microstructural aspects of the welding process of galvanized steel sheets for the production of car bodies. The conducted research may be the starting point for the search for more effective materials for the tip electrodes.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 1; 295--306
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improved Long-Term Stability of Transparent Conducting Electrodes Based on Double-Laminated Electrosprayed Antimony Tin Oxides and Ag Nanowires
    Autorzy:
    Koo, B.-R.
    Bae, J.-W.
    Ahn, H.-J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355292.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    transparent conducting electrodes
    Ag nanwories
    antimony tin oxides
    long-term stability
    Opis:
    We fabricated double-laminated antimony tin oxide/Ag nanowire electrodes by spin-coating and electrospraying. Compared to pure Ag nanowire electrodes and single-laminated antimony tin oxide/Ag nanowire electrodes, the double-laminated antimony tin oxide/Ag nanowire electrodes had superior transparent conducting electrode performances with sheet resistance ~19.8 Ω/□ and optical transmittance ~81.9%; this was due to uniform distribution of the connected Ag nanowires because of double lamination of the metallic Ag nanowires without Ag aggregation despite subsequent microwave heating at 250°C. They also exhibited excellent and superior long-term chemical and thermal stabilities and adhesion to substrate because double-laminated antimony tin oxide thin films act as the protective layers between Ag nanowires, blocking Ag atoms penetration.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2B; 1275-1279
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of lightning current surge shape and peak value on grounding parameters
    Autorzy:
    Łukaszewski, Artur
    Nogal, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128139.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    grounding electrodes
    grounding impedance
    grounding coefficient
    transient response
    elektroda uziemiająca
    impedancja uziemienia
    współczynnik uziemienia
    odpowiedź przejściowa
    Opis:
    Groundings are necessary parts included in lightning and shock protection. In the case of a surge current, high current phenomena are observed inside the grounding. They are result of the electrical discharges around the electrode when the critical field is exceeded in a soil. An available mathematical model of grounding was used to conduct computer simulations and to evaluate the influence of current peak value on horizontal grounding parameters in two cases. In the first simulations, electrode placed in two different soils were considered. The second case was a test of the influence of current peak value on grounding electrodes of various lengths. Simulation results show that as soil resistivity increases in value, the surge impedance to static resistance ratio decreases. In the case of grounding electrodes lengths, it was confirmed that there is a need to use an operating parameter named effective grounding electrode length, because when it is exceeded, the characteristics of grounding is not significantly improved during conductance of lightning surges. The mathematical model used in the paper was verified in a comparison with laboratory tests conducted by K.S. Stiefanow and with mathematical model described by L. Grcev.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136730, 1--8
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of lightning current surge shape and peak value on grounding parameters
    Autorzy:
    Łukaszewski, Artur
    Nogal, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173596.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    grounding electrodes
    grounding impedance
    grounding coefficient
    transient response
    elektroda uziemiająca
    impedancja uziemienia
    współczynnik uziemienia
    odpowiedź przejściowa
    Opis:
    Groundings are necessary parts included in lightning and shock protection. In the case of a surge current, high current phenomena are observed inside the grounding. They are result of the electrical discharges around the electrode when the critical field is exceeded in a soil. An available mathematical model of grounding was used to conduct computer simulations and to evaluate the influence of current peak value on horizontal grounding parameters in two cases. In the first simulations, electrode placed in two different soils were considered. The second case was a test of the influence of current peak value on grounding electrodes of various lengths. Simulation results show that as soil resistivity increases in value, the surge impedance to static resistance ratio decreases. In the case of grounding electrodes lengths, it was confirmed that there is a need to use an operating parameter named effective grounding electrode length, because when it is exceeded, the characteristics of grounding is not significantly improved during conductance of lightning surges. The mathematical model used in the paper was verified in a comparison with laboratory tests conducted by K.S. Stiefanow and with mathematical model described by L. Grcev.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; art. no. e136730
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the Covered Electrode Welding Process Stability on the Basis of Linear Regression Equation
    Analiza stabilności procesu spawania elektrodą otuloną na podstawie równań regresji liniowej
    Autorzy:
    Słania, J.
    Ślązak, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356497.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    welding process stability
    manual metal arc welding
    digital welding current-voltage signals
    wedling covered electrodes
    spawanie elektrodą otuloną
    ręczne spawanie łukowe
    stabilność procesu spawania
    Opis:
    The article presents the process of production of coated electrodes and their welding properties. The factors concerning the welding properties and the currently applied method of assessing are given. The methodology of the testing based on the measuring and recording of instantaneous values of welding current and welding arc voltage is discussed. Algorithm for creation of reference data base of the expert system is shown, aiding the assessment of covered electrodes welding properties. The stability of voltage–current characteristics was discussed. Statistical factors of instantaneous values of welding current and welding arc voltage waveforms used for determining of welding process stability are presented. The results of coated electrodes welding properties are compared. The article presents the results of linear regression as well as the impact of the independent variables on the welding process performance. Finally the conclusions drawn from the research are given.
    Omówiono proces produkcji elektrod otulonych oraz ich wymagane właściwości spawalnicze. Przedstawiono wskaźniki właściwości spawalniczych oraz stosowaną dotychczas metodykę oceny. Omówiono metodyką badań polegającą na pomiarze i rejestracji wartości chwilowych natężenia prądu spawania i napięcia łuku spawalniczego. Przedstawiono algorytm tworzenia systemu bazy danych referencyjnych systemu eksperckiego, służącego do oceny właściwości spawalniczych elektrod otulonych. Omówiono stabilność układu źródło prądu – łuk spawalniczy. Przedstawiono wskaźniki statystyczne przebiegu wartości chwilowych natężenia prądu spawania i napięcia łuku spawalniczego służące do opisu stabilności procesu spawania. Zestawiono wyniki badań właściwości spawalniczych elektrod otulonych. Przedstawiono wyniki regresji liniowej oraz wpływ poszczególnych zmiennych niezależnych na wynik procesu spawania. Zaprezentowano wnioski z wykonanych badań.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 3; 905-909
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected requirements for lightning protection in the light of actual standards and regulations on the example of an object to be protected
    Autorzy:
    Dąda, Anna
    Błaut, Paweł
    Miller, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086826.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lightning protection system
    LPS
    62305 standard
    air-termination system
    earth electrodes
    protection of building objects
    system odgromowy
    standard 62305
    elektroda uziemiająca
    ochrona obiektów budowlanych
    Opis:
    Elements of the lightning protection system (LPS) often perform additional functions in the facility. Correct and economical design of these elements is possible with the fulfillment of specific requirements, close coordination and inter-branch cooperation. The article draws attention to important aspects of LPS design and highlights the ambiguities that may arise during this process. Firstly, the history of changes in national standardization in the field of lightning protection is approximated. Secondly, the individual components of external LPS are presented. Subsequently, the normative material requirements for earthing are compiled, depending on their function (for lightning protection and protection against electric shock in MV and LV installations). The last part of the paper is devoted to the comparison of the protective angle method and the rolling sphere method. The analysis was made on the example of a simple object for which LPS class I is required. It has been shown that despite the possibility of using both methods, they may result in different solutions. Depending on the choice of method, the difference in the arrangement of the air-termination system is indicated. Examples of generally available LPS solutions are also given, taking account of various materials and assembly technologies.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 4; e137548, 1--8
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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