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Tytuł:
Whether the opinion about superiority of fuzzy controllers is justified
Autorzy:
Gessing, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fuzzy logic
fuzzy regulators
conventional regulators
Opis:
In the paper, using some MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox Demos, in which the fuzzy controllers are compared with the classical PID ones, it is shown that the well tuned classical PID controllers are significantly better than those fuzzy presented in the Demos. It is shown, that using fuzzy approach, it is very difficult to shape the input-output nonlinearity, describing the so called fuzzy block of the fuzzy controller. It is also shown, that the linear fuzzy block (created to obtain comparable results with the classical PID controllers) is not justified at all, because it may be replaced by the usual summing junction, which is significantly simpler. The considerations of the paper do not support the idea of fuzzy controllers.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2010, 58, 1; 59-65
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design and evaluation of solar parabolic trough collector system integrated with conventional oil boiler
Autorzy:
Taha, Mustefa Jibril
Kibret, Fiseha Bogale
Ramayya, Venkata
Zeru, Balewgize Amare
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conventional oil boiler
energy
solar parabolic trough
Opis:
In this paper an attempt has been made towards the design and evaluation of a solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) system integrated with a conventional oil boiler (COB) to increase the energy utilization effectiveness and reduce the environmental emission of the existing conventional oil boiler in the Kombolcha textile factory, in Ethiopia. The factory uses 8500 ton/annum of heavy fuel oil to generate 26 ton/hour of pressurized hot water at 140◦C temperature which causes an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, so the solar parabolic trough collector hot water generation system will be an appropriate solution for this application. Based on the available annual solar radiation, estimates of the solar fraction, solar energy unit price and system pay-back period have been carried out. The proposed system has the potential to save 1055.9 ton/year of fuel oil. The unit cost of PTC solar energy is estimated to be 0.0088 $/kWh and the payback period of the plant is five years. Since the unit price of oil energy (0.0424 $/kWh) is much greater than the unit price of solar energy by a substantial margin (0.033 $/kWh) in Ethiopia, therefore the water heating system by a solar parabolic trough collector is a feasible alternative to heating by a conventional oil boiler.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2021, 70, 3; 657-673
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Analysis of Force Parameters in Drawing Process of High Carbon Steel Wires in Conventional and Hydrodynamic Dies
Autorzy:
Suliga, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353988.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
wire
conventional and hydrodynamic dies
friction
drawing power
drawing stresses
Opis:
The paper analyzes force parameters in the process of multistage drawing of steel wires in conventional and hydrodynamic dies. The drawing process of the wire rod with a diameter of 5.5 mm for wires with a diameter of 1.70 mm was performed in 12 drafts with the usage of the multistage drawbench Koch KGT with the speed range of 5-25 m/s. Modern software of multistage drawbenches allows direct reading of many parameters during the drawing process, including drawing power. The force and drawing stress in each drafts were determined relying on experimental measurements. A complement to the research was a theoretical analysis of the drawing process. The results of the theoretical studies were compared to those obtained by experiment. The significant impact of the drawing speed on the force parameters of the drawing process in conventional and hydrodynamic dies was demonstrated. Depending on the real conditions of the drawing, ie. temperature, friction and lubrication, enhancing the drawing speed can result in both an increase and a decrease in drawing stress.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2231-2236
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spark Plasma Sintering of Mn-Zn Ferrite Powders by High Energy Ball Milling
Autorzy:
Suh, Jun Young
Song, Yo-Seung
Chang, Si Young
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high energy ball milling
nano-sized particles
SPS
conventional sintering
density
Opis:
The Mn-Zn ferrite powders prepared by high energy ball milling were heat-treated, subsequently compacted and sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Based on the observation of microstructure, the characteristics of samples after SPS were investigated and compared with ones after conventional sintering. The size of initial powders was approximately 650 nm and decreased to 230 nm after milling at 300 rpm for 3 h. After heat treatment at 973 K for 1 h, the milled powders became larger to approximately 550 nm in size again and the peaks of Mn2 O3 disappeared in XRD patterns. In the samples after SPS, the Fe2 O3 and MnZnFe2 O4 phases decomposed at the higher temperatures than 1173 K and 1373 K, respectively, while only MnZnFe2 O4 phase was detected in the samples conventionally sintered at 1273~1673 K. As the sintering temperature increased, the relative density after SPS increased more quickly than that after conventional sintering. In particular, it reached approximately 99% after SPS at 1473 K.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 2; 565-569
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The psycholinguistic world of “zdziwienie” - “astonishment” and “zaskoczenie” - “surprise”
Autorzy:
Jasielska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
surprise
astonishment
psycholinguistics
denotative and connotative meaning
emotional valence
conventional sound symbolism
Opis:
The aim of the study was to answer the question whether the words “zaskoczenie” [phon. zaskɔˈʧ̑ɛ̃ɲɛ]- “surprise” and “zdziwienie” [phon. ʑʥ̑iˈvjɛ̇̃ɲɛ]- “astonishment”, which are treated in the Polish language as synonyms, possess a fixed pattern of application, and whether the colloquial context of using these words differs in terms of its emotional valence. The theoretical background for this investigation was the triadic approach to language cognition that includes perception, conceptualization and symbolization, and corresponding to this approach concept of mental representation of emotions. The obtained results have shown that people tend to use the word “zaskoczenie” to describe emotions that occur in positive situations, whereas the word “zdziwienie” is more frequently applied in negative situations. The observed emotive connotation of the investigated words has been explained by the rules of phonetic symbolism and implicative meaning of the words preserved in the popular/colloquial understanding.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 3; 384-392
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O nowych miarach zaawansowania procesu starzenia się ludności
ON NEW MEASURES OF THE POPULATION AGEING PROCESS
Autorzy:
Abramowska-Kmon, Anita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418282.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
population ageing
conventional measures of population ageing
alternative measures of population ageing
Opis:
The main aim of the article was to review measures of the population ageing process. In the first part, traditional (conventional) measures of population ageing are presented (i.e. old-age rate, median age, ageing index, dependency ratios, potential support ratio, parent support ratio). These measures are based on chronological age and give a coherent picture of population ageing. However, they do not take into account changes in life expectancy. In other words, they are based on the assumption that a 65-year-old person in 2000 is considered to be just as old as a 65-year-old person in 1900. But the probability of surviving in these two years is different: the remaining life expectancy at age 65 was much higher in 2000 than in 1900. Therefore, the second part of the article presents the new (alternative) measures of population ageing, which are adjusted to life expectancy. In particular, it describes the following measures: proportion of the population in age groups that have a remaining life expectancy of 15 years or less (Prop. RLE15-), prospective median age, population average remaining years of life, and prospective old-age dependency ratio. In the last section, the results of a comparison between conventional and alternative measures are presented. The new measures indicate a slower pace of population ageing in the future than the traditional ones. Thus, the measures recommended for designing governmental programmes aimed at the elderly are the new measures, which take into account life expectancy.
Źródło:
Studia Demograficzne; 2011, 1(159); 3-22
0039-3134
Pojawia się w:
Studia Demograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The quantitative changes of ground beetles (Col., Carabidae) in Bt and conventional maize crop in southern Poland
Autorzy:
Twardowski, J.P.
Beres, P.K.
Hurej, M.
Klukowski, Z.
Dabrowski, Z.T.
Sowa, S.
Warzecha, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65047.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
quantitative change
beetle
ground beetle
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Bt maize
conventional plant
maize
crop
Polska
Opis:
In the southern part of Poland, ground beetle fauna was studied in the first large-scale Bt maize experiment. The aim of this study was to determine the long term impact of the Bt maize cultivar in comparison to conventional plants, on selected non-target arthropods. The DKC 3421 YG cultivar (Bt maize) and the respective isogenic non-Bt varieties (DKC 3420) were cultivated at two locations: (a) Budziszów near Wrocław and in Głuchów near Rzeszów in the south-eastern region of Poland, in the 2008-2010 growing seasons. For comparative analysis, two additional non-Bt cultivars sprayed with a lambda-cyhalotrine insecticide were also included. To monitor population density of surface-active invertebrates of the Carabidae family, eighty pitfall traps were used at each location. The average number of ground beetle populations in the Bt-maize cultivar DKC 3421 YG did not significantly differ from the number of beetles in the conventional ones. Significant differences between the number of beetles occurred on individual dates only. Usually, these differences related to the considerably smaller total number of beetles in the whole replication. Probably, the variation in the number of beetles was caused by climatic factors or the terrain layout, therefore it cannot be related to the cultivar effect.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2012, 52, 4
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Isolation and purification of stevioside from stevia leaves
Autorzy:
Joshi, Jignesh
Gautam, Alok
Gautam, Shina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ST
rebaudioside-A
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
conventional extraction
rebaudiozyd-A
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni
ekstrakcja konwencjonalna
Opis:
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni which has gained industrial and scientific interests is a suitable nutritional alternative to sucrose as a sweetener. Recently, there have been studies which show the extraction of this phytochemical substance from stevia leaves and purification methods by several alcohols and chromatographic methods. However, these methods are not cost-effective. Therefore, an attempt was made to extract and purify ST using inexpensive, scalable and simple techniques where different steps like extraction, electrocoagulation, ion exchange, activated charcoal, vacuum evaporation and butanol wash were used as purification steps. The present study established a new improved technology of extraction of ST from stevia leaves using water as a solvent followed by various purification steps. 496 mg of Stevioside extracted in the form of crystals was obtained from 100 g of leaves which is 10 times more than the reported yield of 54 mg from 100 g stevia leaves in literature. This methodology can be scaled up at the industry level for future large production to meet the huge demand for natural sweeteners.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2022, 43, 2; 193--202
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of an ultra-low volume (ULV) sprayer against a conventional sprayer, for foliar fertiliser and fungicide applications in turfgrass
Autorzy:
Ferguson, J.C.
Gaussoin, R.E.
Eastin, J.A.
Sousek, M.D.
Kruger, G.R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
comparison
ultra-low volume sprayer
sprayer
conventional sprayer
foliar fertilizer
fungicide
application
turf grass
Rhizoctonia solani
Opis:
Two field studies (I and II) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln: John Seaton Anderson Turfgrass Research Facility near Mead, NE, USA, were conducted to determine if a new ultra-low volume (ULV) sprayer can apply foliar nutrient, growth regulator, and fungicide treatments, in a manner similar to that of a conventional sprayer. Treatments were applied over creeping bentgrass ‘L-93’ (Agrostis stolonifera L.) managed as a fairway at 561 l · ha−1 and 47 l · ha−1 with the conventional and ULV sprayer, respectfully. Data were collected for chlorophyll content with a chlorophyll meter, and for the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) with a turf colour meter. Each plot was harvested for biomass at 21 days after treatment. Study II compared the ULV sprayer and a conventional sprayer, for the control of brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) in creeping bentgrass. The treatments were propiconazole and azoxystrobin. Spray volume was 561 l · ha−1 for the conventional sprayer, and 19 l · ha−1 for the ULV sprayer. Statistical differences in turf quality or dry weight reductions between the conventional and ULV sprayer were not detected. Brown patch control was also similar between the two sprayers, but azoxystrobin provided better control than propiconazole. Even with a 30-fold decrease in application volume, the results indicated that the Kamterter ULV sprayer may be a useful and effective management option for foliar fertiliser and fungicide applications in turfgrass.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2016, 56, 1
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation and Study of Mode Splitting in Near Field Inductive Communication Systems
Autorzy:
Thanh, H. D.
Agbinya, J. I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
splitting frequencies
modes
nearest and second neighbour interactions
coupling coefficient
conventional resonant frequency
power efficiency
transfer function
Opis:
Frequency splitting is a near field inductive communication phenomenon where the resonant frequency divides into many separate frequencies or to different modes. In this paper, we show that this phenomenon depends on the coupling coefficients or the natural response of the circuit by using the circuit theory to derive these splitting frequencies. Also, the rules for the general matrix that is used to solve for splitting frequencies are also demonstrated clearly. Mode splitting is observed for peer-to-peer, three coils and four coil systems due to the existence of the nearest and second neighbour interactions. In particular, two, three and four modes have been analysed for two, three, and four coil systems respectively. However, the number of modes for these systems can be changed according to the degree of coupling. The differences in the resultant splitting frequencies with and without the second neighbour interaction are shown in the simulation results. Furthermore, we assess the system performances regarding to power efficiency through the inductive transfer functions. Besides, either coupling coefficients at resonance or the simplified transfer functions in some specific scenarios can be obtained by having an insight into these transfer functions. Finally, we recognise and propose that splitting frequency phenomenon can be deployed to transmit signals at many frequencies concurrently.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2013, 59, 2; 185-194
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy carriers use in the world: natural gas – conventional and unconventional gasresources
Wykorzystanie nośników energii w świecie: zasoby gazu ziemnego w złożach konwencjonalnych i niekonwencjonalnych
Autorzy:
Siemek, J.
Nagy, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/218816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
gaz ziemny
niekonwencjonalny gaz
konwencjonalny gaz
zasoby
technologia
energia
conventional gas
natural gas
unconventional gas
resources
technology
energy
Opis:
This paper discusses forecasts of energy carrier use with particular emphasis on the changing position of natural gas due to global climatic conditions and the increasing role of unconventional natural gas reservoirs. Allocation of natural gas resources in the world are discussed as well as global gas consumption and conditions for development of transport infrastructure and storage. The most important indicators of the energy security of countries are presented. The basic properties of unconventional deposits, and differences in the production/extraction of gas from the conventional and unconventional fields are given. In the paper are also discussed natural gas reserves in Poland, including possible non-conventional resources in the fields and issues of increasing the role of gas as an energy carrier in Poland in the background of the energy changes in Europe and the world.
W pracy omówiono prognozy energetyczne wykorzystania energii ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmieniającej się pozycji gazu ziemnego z uwagi na uwarunkowania klimatyczne oraz wzrastającą role niekonwencjonalnych złóż gazu ziemnego. Omówiono alokację zasobów gazu ziemnego w świecie, zużycie gazu w regionach oraz warunki rozbudowy infrastruktury transportu i magazynowania. Przedstawiono najważniejsze wskaźniki dotyczące bezpieczeństwa energetycznego krajów. Omówiono podstawowe własności złóż niekonwencjonalnych oraz różnice w charakterze wydobycia gazu ze złóż konwencjonalnych i niekonwencjonalnych. Omówiono zasoby gazu w Polsce, w tym możliwe zasoby w złożach niekonwencjonalnych oraz zagadnienia zwiększenia roli gazu jako nośnika energii w Polsce w tle energetycznych zmian Europy i świata.
Źródło:
Archives of Mining Sciences; 2012, 57, 2; 283-312
0860-7001
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Mining Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of air pollutant emissions in flower roundabouts and in conventional roundabouts
Autorzy:
Corriere, F.
Guerrieri, M.
Ticali, D.
Messineo, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/230692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
rondo kwiatowe
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
emisja
rondo konwencjonalne
pojemność
opóźnienie
flower roundabout
air pollution
emission
conventional roundabout
capacity
delay
Opis:
The road pollutant emissions, above all in urban context, are correlated to many infrastructural parameters and to traffic intensity and typology. The research work on road junction geometry, carried out in European research centres, has recently allowed to design new road intersection types which are of undoubted interest, especially in terms of traffic functionality and safety, like the flower roundabouts (in which right-turn manoeuvres do not conflict with the circulating flow). The main objective of this paper is to propose a model for the estimation the capacity, delay, levels of service and the pollutant emissions into flower roundabouts. A comparative analysis between conventional roundabout and flower roundabout has been carried out in terms of CO, CO2, CH4, NO, PM2,5 and PM10 vehicular emissions, evaluated by mean of COPERT Software which is developed as a European tool for the calculation of emissions from the road transport sector.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2013, 59, 2; 229-246
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Structural Changes in Starch- Aluminosilicate Binder and Molding Sand with its Participation after Physical Curing
Autorzy:
Kaczmarska, K.
Grabowska, B.
Cukrowicz, S.
Bobrowski, A.
Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382686.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conventional heating
microwave curing
starch aluminosilicate binder
FTIR
hydrogen bonds
ogrzewanie konwencjonalne
utwardzanie mikrofalami
spoiwo skrobiowo-glinokrzemianowe
wiązania wodorowe
Opis:
The organo-inorganic commercial binder Albertine F/1 (Hüttenes-Albertus) constituting the starch-aluminosilicate mixture was directed to structural studies. The paper presents a detailed structural analysis of the binder before and after exposure to physical curing agents (microwaves, high temperature) based on the results of infrared spectroscopy studies (FTIR). An analysis of structural changes taking place in the binder system with the quartz matrix was also carried out. Based on the course of the obtained IR spectra, it was found that during the exposure on physical agents there are structural changes within the hydroxyl groups in the polymeric starch chains and silanol groups derived from aluminosilicate as well as in the quartz matrix (SiO2). The curing of the molding sand takes place due to the evaporation of the solvent water and the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cross-linking hydrogen bonds. Type and amount of hydrogen bonds presence in cured molding sand have an impact on selected properties of molding sand. Results indicates that for molding sand with Albertine F/1 during conventional heating a more extensive network of hydrogen bonds is created.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 3; 138-143
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effectiveness of weed regulation methods in spring wheat cultivated in integrated, conventional and organic crop production systems
Autorzy:
Feledyn-Szewczyk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65185.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
effectiveness
weed
weed control
regulation method
spring wheat
wheat
plant cultivation
integrated cultivation
conventional cultivation
organic crop
production system
Opis:
The research was conducted from 2008 to 2010, and compared the influence of different weed control methods used in spring wheat on the structure of the weed communities and the crop yield. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Osiny as part of a long-term trial where these crop production systems had been compared since 1994. In the conventional and integrated systems, spring wheat was grown in a pure stand, whereas in the organic system, the wheat was grown with undersown clover and grasses. In the conventional system, herbicides were applied two times in a growing season, but in the integrated system - only once. The effectiveness of weed management was lower in the organic system than in other systems, but the dry matter of weeds did not exceed 60 g/m2. In the integrated system, the average dry matter of weeds in spring wheat was 4 times lower, and in the conventional system 10 times lower than in the organic system. Weed diversity was the largest in spring wheat cultivated in the organic system. In the conventional and integrated systems, compensation of some weed species was observed (Viola arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus, Equisetum arvense). The comparison of weed communities using Sorenson’s indices revealed more of a similarity between systems in terms of number of weed species than in the number of individuals. Such results imply that qualitative changes are slower than quantitative ones. The yield of grain was the biggest in the integrated system (5.5 t/ha of average). It was 35% higher than in the organic system, and 20% higher than in conventional ones.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2012, 52, 4
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of High Carbon Steel Wires after Multipass High Speed Drawning Process in Conventional and Hydrodynamic Dies
Analiza własności mechanicznych drutów ze stali wysokowęglowej po procesie wielostopniowego ciągnienia z dużymi prędkościami w ciągadłach konwencjonalnych i hydrodynamicznych
Autorzy:
Suliga, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352858.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
drawing speed
lubricant conditions
conventional and hydrodynamic dies
mechanical properties
prędkość ciągnienia
warunki smarowania
ciągadła konwencjonalne
ciągadła hydrodynamiczne
właściwości mechaniczne
Opis:
In this work the influence of the drawing speed on lubrication conditions and mechanical properties of high carbon steel wires drawn in conventional and hydrodynamic dies has been assessed. The drawing process of ϕ5.5 mm wires to the final wire of ϕ1.7 mm was conducted in 12 passes, in industrial conditions, by means of a modern Koch multi-die drawing machine. The drawing speeds in the last passes were: 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m/s. For final wires ϕ1.7 mm the investigation of mechanical properties has been carried out, in which yield strength, tensile strength, uniform and total elongation and also number of twists were determined. It has been shown that the increase of drawing speed from 5 m/s up to 25 m/s caused the increase by 6% strength properties and decrease of plasticity properties by 10%. Higher values of tensile strength and yield strength of the wires drawn conventionally with high speeds are associated with worse conditions, while in case of wires drawn hydrodynamically the main factor which caused the increase of strength properties was high lubricant pressure in hydrodynamic die, which caused the increase of total draft.
W pracy określono wpływ dużej prędkości ciągnienia na warunki smarowania i własności mechaniczne drutów ze stali wysokowęglowej ciągnionych w ciągadłach konwencjonalnych i hydrodynamicznych. Proces ciągnienia drutów o średnicy 5,5 mm na średnicę końcową 1,70 mm zrealizowano w 12 ciągach, w warunkach przemysłowych, na nowoczesnej ciągarce wielostopniowej Kocha. Prędkości ciągnienia na ostatnim ciągu wynosiły odpowiednio: 5, 10, 15, 20 i 25 m/s. Dla drutów ϕ1,70 mm przeprowadzono badania własności mechanicznych, w których określono umowną granicę plastyczności, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, wydłużenie równomierne i całkowite oraz liczbę skręceń. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że wzrost prędkości ciągnienia z 5 do 25 m/s nie zależnie od metody ciągnienia, spowodował zwiększenie o około 6% własności wytrzymałościowych drutu, przy jednoczesnym około 10% spadku własności plastycznych. Wyższe wartości wytrzymałości na rozciąganie i granicy plastyczności w drutach ciągnionych konwencjonalnie z dużymi prędkościami, należy wiązać z gorszymi dla tego wariantu warunkami smarowania, natomiast w przypadku ciągnienia hydrodynamicznego głównym czynnikiem wzrostu własności wytrzymałościowych, był większy gniot całkowity spowodowany oddziaływaniem wysokiego ciśnienia smaru w ciągadle hydrodynamicznym.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 2; 681-685
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 17

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