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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Proposed Methodology for the Annoyance Penalty of Amplitude Modulated Wind Turbine Noise
    Autorzy:
    Makarewicz, Rufin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141682.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    annoyance
    wind turbine noise
    amplitude modulation.
    Opis:
    Amplitude modulation increases the annoyance caused by wind turbine noise. One gets the improved annoyance when a penalty is added to the measured or calculated time-average sound level. The amplitude modulated wind turbine noise consists of pulses. Each of them could be characterized by the short time-average sound level and the modulation depth. The latter determines the pulse penalty. This paper shows how to calculate the improved annoyance of amplitude modulated wind turbine noise, when the short time-average sound level and the penalty for each pulse are known. A special case of identical pulses is discussed. The proposed methodology needs to be tested by research.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Acoustics; 2022, 47, 1; 125-128
    0137-5075
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Acoustics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Resource allocation in MIMO systems specific to radio communication
    Autorzy:
    Ghaderi, Bahar
    Parhizgar, Naser
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140794.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    spatial modulation
    multi quadrature amplitude modulation
    modulation
    Huffman coding
    MIMO systems
    Opis:
    The performance of the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems can be improved by spatial modulation. By using spatial modulation, the transmitter can select the best transmit antenna based on the channel variations using channel state information (CSI). Also, the modulation helps the transmitter to select the best modulation level such that the system has the best performance in all situations. Hence, in this paper, two issues are considered including spatial modulation and information modulation selection. For the spatial modulation, an optimal solution for obtaining the probability of selecting antenna is calculated and then Huffman coding is used such that the transmitter can select the best transmit antenna to maximize the channel capacity. For the information modulation, a multi quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) strategy is used. In this modulation, the modulation size is changed based on the channel state variations; therefore, the best modulation index is used for transmitting data in all channel situations. In simulation results, the optimal method is compared with Huffman mapping. In addition, the effect of modulation on channel capacity and a bit error rate (BER) is shown.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2019, 68, 1; 91-100
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trellis Coded 4-ary PAM using Distance-Preserving Mapping
    Autorzy:
    Shongwe, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226278.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    distance-preserving mappings
    hamming distance
    euclidean distance
    pulse amplitude modulation
    Opis:
    A trellis coded 4-ary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (4-PAM) is presented, where the encoding algorithm is derived from Distance Preserving Mapping (DPM) algorithm. In this work, we modify the DPM algorithm for 4-PAM and obtain a new construction for mapping binary sequences to permutation sequences, where the permutation sequences are obtained by permuting symbols of a 4-PAM constellation. The resulting codebook of permutation sequences formed this way are termed mappings. We also present several metrics for assessing the performance of the mappings from our construction, and we show that a metric called the Sum of Product of Distances (SOPD) is the best metric to use when judging the performance of the mappings. Finally, performance results are presented, where the mappings from our construction are compared against each other and also against the conventional mappings in the literature.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2018, 64, 4; 527-533
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Permutation Coding with Injections for Modified PAM System
    Autorzy:
    Ogunyanda, Opeyemi O.
    Shongwe, Thokozani
    Swart, Theo G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226518.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    injection
    permutation codes
    power line communications
    pulse amplitude modulation
    jitter
    Opis:
    Arriving at a good combination of coding and modulation schemes that can achieve good error correction constitutes a challenge in digital communication systems. In this work, we explore the combination of permutation coding (PC) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) for mitigating channel errors in the presence of background noise and jitter. Since PAM is characterised with bi-polar constellations, Euclidean distance is a good choice for predicting the performance of such coded modulation setup. In order to address certain challenges facing PCs, we therefore introduce injections in the coding system, together with a modified form of PAM system. This modification entails constraining the PAM constellations to the size of the codeword’s symbol. The results obtained demonstrate the strength of the modified coded PAM system over the conventional PC coded PAM system.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 3; 399-404
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Noise Annoyance Caused by Amplitude Modulated Sounds Resembling the Main Characteristics of Temporal Wind Turbine Noise
    Autorzy:
    Hafke-Dys, H.
    Preis, A.
    Kaczmarek, T.
    Biniakowski, A.
    Kleka, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177437.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    wind turbines amplitude modulation
    noise annoyance
    modulacja amplitudy turbin wiatrowych
    uciążliwości hałasu
    Opis:
    Annoyance ratings for artificially created noises, resembling the main characteristics of temporal wind turbine noise, were studied by means of a listening experiment involving 21 participants with normal hearing. Three types of stimuli were examined: broadband noise (−4 dB/octave), noise generated by moving cars, and narrowband noise. All stimuli had the sound level fluctuations typical for wind turbine noise. The magnitude of the sound level fluctuations was measured in a quantitative way, by using the characteristics of amplitude modulated sound: modulation rate and modulation depth. Our aim was to examine how the modulation rate and the modulation depth influence the noise annoyance assessment of broadband and narrowband amplitude modulated noises. Three different modulation rates, 1, 2 and 4 Hz, and sound level fluctuations (a measure of the modulation depth), 3, 6, 9 dB, were applied to each type of stimuli (with exception of noise generated by the moving cars) and investigated. The participants in the listening experiment were presented with sound stimuli in laboratory conditions and asked to rate their annoyance on a numerical scale. The results have shown a significant difference between the investigated conditions. The effect was particularly strong between the annoyance judgments of different types of noise (narrow and broadband), and modulated versus unmodulated noises. Temporal fluctuations occurring in wind turbine noise are very pertinent to the perception of annoyance and could be responsible for its being a relatively annoying noise source. The obtained results were discussed and compared to the typical modulation rates and level changes that occur in recordings of real wind turbine noise.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Acoustics; 2016, 41, 2; 221-232
    0137-5075
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Acoustics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modernization of DVB-S2 Standard Using Signal-Code Constructions Based on Amplitude Modulation of Many Components
    Autorzy:
    Horbatyi, Ivan
    Yashchyshyn, Yevhen
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227156.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    DVB-S2 standard
    frequency efficiency
    energy efficiency
    amplitude modulation of many components
    Opis:
    It is proposed to modernize the DVB-S2 standard by using AMMC (amplitude modulation of many components) signals instead of 8PSK (8-phase shift keying) and APSK (amplitude-phase shift keying) signals, and to modernize the DVB-S2 standard equipment by using the AMMC modulator and AMMC demodulator. Usage of AMMC makes it possible to reduce the symbol error rate in communication channel up to 52 times. The satellite digital video broadcast systems that apply signal-code constructions based on AMMC are characterized by a higher energy efficiency from 1 to 2.6 dB compared with signal-code constructions based on 8PSK and APSK.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 2; 315-320
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of the FPAA to Sample Input Signal for Laboratory Exercise: Pulse Amplitude Modulation
    Autorzy:
    Grzechca, Damian
    Chruszczyk, Lukas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227335.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    field programmable analog array (FPAA)
    signal processing
    pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)
    student laboratory
    Opis:
    This paper presents exemplary exercise on the fundamentals of signal processing course which is offered for second year bachelor level students. Application of Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) exercise is described with signal processing laboratory. There are presented two methods for implementing PAM modulation and demodulation technique in FPAA module. Example configuration files are available form Authors’ web site.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 1; 25-28
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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