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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 103
Tytuł:
The Effect of Oxygen Staging on Nitrogen Conversion in Oxy-Fuel CFB Environment
Autorzy:
Jankowska, S.
Czakiert, T.
Krawczyk, G.
Borecki, P.
Jesionowski, Ł.
Nowak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
paliwo tlenowe
CFB
oxy-fuel
fuel-N
Opis:
This paper presents a study on nitrogen conversion in oxy-fuel coal combustion in a pilot scale CFB 0.1 MWth facility. The paper is focused on fuel-N behaviour in the combustion chamber when the combustion process is accomplished under oxy-fuel CFB conditions. The analysis is based on infurnace sampling of flue gas and calculations of the conversion ratios of fuel-nitrogen (fuel-N) to NO, NO2, N2O, NH3 and HCN. For the tests, O2/CO2 mixtures with the oxygen content of 21 vol.% (primary gas) and with the oxygen content varied from 21 to 35 vol.% (secondary gas), were used as the fluidising gas. Measurements were carried out in 4 control points located along the combustion chamber: 0.43 m, 1.45 m, 2.50 m and 4.88 m. Results presented below indicate that an increased oxygen concentration in the higher part of the combustion chamber has strong influence on the behaviour of fuel based nitrogen compounds.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2014, 35, 4; 489-496
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Operational evaluation of atomization indicators for gasoline with admixtures of ethanol and butanol during Keep-Clean tests
Autorzy:
Pielecha, Ireneusz
Stępień, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fuel additives
fuel injection
Keep-Clean tests
fuel atomization
fuel injector deposits
operational evaluation
dodatki do paliw
wtrysk paliwa
testy zanieczyszczeń
osady
ocena eksploatacyjna
Opis:
The global policy of reducing road transport sector pollution requires the introduction of significantly modified already in use technologies and construction solutions. Currently, direct fuel injection technology is the best solution in terms of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of standard pollutants into the atmosphere, as well as further improving the engine performance. In terms of exhaust emissions, direct injection spark ignition engines are characterized by significantly higher exhaust emissions of particulate matter (approximately 10 times higher) compared to indirect fuel injection SI engines, they show a greater tendency to knocking combustion and are prone to the formation of harmful deposits on engine parts, including in the fuel injectors. The injector tips located in the combustion chamber are exposed to the direct influence of the very high pressure and temperature caused by the combusting fuel-air mixture, which contributes to the rapid formation of harmful deposits. Operation-based injectors contamination in spark ignition engines results in a reduction of the cross-sectional flow diameter of the injector, which then necessitates the extension of the injection time in order to maintain the fuel dose and the expected engine operating parameters. The tests were carried out on an engine dynamometer and an optical test stand for fuel atomization process. The presented research analyzes indicate the possibility of using admixtures that effectively reduce the likelihood of contamination. The paper presents a results analysis of engine tests performed in accordance with the CEC F-113-KC procedure. Additionally, the injectors were tested to conduct an analysis of the injected fuel stream’s geometric indicators. The range, surface area and speed of the injected fuel stream as well as the fuel distribution in the stream were determined based on an equivalent indicator. The obtained results indicated that ethanol and butanol admixtures of 10% (V/V) to gasoline did not significantly extend the fuel injection time as compared to the reference fuel. A further increase in the proportion of ethanol caused a significant deterioration of the fuel flow and the geometric indicators of the fuel spray.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2022, 62, 2; 123--137
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in microbial dehydrogenase activity and pH during bioremediation of fuel contaminated soil
Autorzy:
Wieczorek, D.
Marchut-Mikolajczyk, O.
Antczak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biodiesel fuel
bioremediation
dehydrogenase
soil contamination
bacterial strain
biodegradation
diesel fuel
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2015, 96, 4
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Domestic hydrogen installation in Poland – technical and economic analysis
Autorzy:
Cholewiński, M.
Tomków, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hydrogen
fuel cells
energy storage
Opis:
The application of renewable energy sources poses the problems connected with output volatility. In order to decrease this effect the energy storage technologies can be applied, particularly fuel cells connected with hydrogen storage. In this paper the application of SOFC system for a household in Poland is proposed. Economic and technical analysis is performed. It was found that the proposed installation is profitable after 25 years of operation when compared with conventional solution - heat pumps and gas-fired boilers.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2015, 64, 2; 189-196
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quasi-periodic control technique for minimizing fuel consumption during record vehicle competition
Quasi-okresowa strategia sterowania minimalizujaca zużycie paliwa podczas zawodów pojazdów rekordowych
Autorzy:
Sulikowski, P.
Maroński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Shell Eco-Marathon
fuel consumption
fuel economy
ekologiczny maraton Shella
zużycie paliwa
oszczędność paliwa
Opis:
The problem of the optimal driving technique during the fuel economy competition is reconsidered. The vehicle is regarded as a particle moving on a trace with a variable slope angle. The fuel consumption is minimized as the vehicle covers the given distance in a given time. It is assumed that the run consists of two recurrent phases: acceleration with a full available engine power and coasting down with the engine turned off. The most fuel-efficient technique for shifting gears during acceleration is found. The decision variables are: the vehicle velocities at which the gears should be shifted, on the one hand, and the vehicle velocities when the engine should be turned on and off, on the other hand. For the data of students’ vehicle representing the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering it has been found that such driving strategy is more effective in comparison with a constant speed strategy with the engine partly throttled, as well as a strategy resulting from optimal control theory when the engine is still active.
Rozważono zagadnienie wyznaczenia optymalnej strategii sterowania pojazdem w czasie zawodów pojazdów rekordowych. Pojazd jest modelowany jak punkt materialny poruszający się po trasie o zmiennym kącie pochylenia. Minimalizowana jest ilość zużytego paliwa potrzebna do pokonania zadanego dystansu w zadanym czasie. Opracowano najbardziej efektywną technikę zmiany biegów w czasie przyspieszania. Założono, że pojazd jest napędzany w dwóch trybach: przyspieszania przy pełnej dostępnej mocy silnika i wybiegu, kiedy to silnik jest wyłączony. Zmiennymi decyzyjnymi są: numer biegu oraz prędkość pojazdu, przy której powinno nastąpić jego przełączenie z jednej strony, oraz prędkości pojazdu, przy których silnik powinien być włączony lub wyłączony, z drugiej. Wykorzystując dane pojazdu studentów reprezentujących Wydział Mechaniczny Energetyki i Lotnictwa Politechniki Warszawskiej wykazano, że taka strategia jest bardziej efektywna niż strategia jazdy ze stałą prędkością z częściowym dławieniem silnika oraz pewna strategia wynikająca z teorii sterowania optymalnego, gdzie silnik jest stale włączony.
Źródło:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2013, LX, 2; 185-197
0004-0738
Pojawia się w:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combustion of wood pellets in a low-power multi-fuel automatically stoked heating boiler
Autorzy:
Zima, Wiesław
Ojczyk, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
multi-fuel heating boiler
wood pellets
substitute fuel
thermal tests
boiler optimal operating points
Opis:
This paper presents a test stand equipped, among others, with two boilers intended for the combustion of solid fuels. The first is a single-fuel boiler designed to burn wood pellets only. The second is a multi-fuel boiler intended for the combustion of mainly hard coal (basic fuel) with the grain size of 0.005–0.025 m. Wood pellets can also be fired in this boiler, which in such a case are treated as a substitute fuel. There is a developed and verified algorithm for the control of the multi-fuel boiler operation in a wide range of loads for the basic fuel. However, for the substitute fuel (wood pellets) there are no documented and confirmed results of such testing. The paper presents selected results of testing performed during the combustion of wood pellets in a multi-fuel automatically stoked boiler. Several measuring series were carried out, for which optimal operating conditions were indicated. These conditions may serve as the basis for the development of the boiler operation control algorithm. A detailed analysis was carried out of the flue gas temperatures obtained at the outlet of the boiler combustion chamber and of the contents of carbon monoxide and oxygen in the boiler flue gases.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2022, 43, 1; 169--184
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of applied control strategy on the current-voltage correlation of a solid oxide fuel cell stack during dynamic operation
Autorzy:
Szmyd, J. S.
Komatsu, Y.
Brus, G.
Ghigliazza, F.
Kimijima, S.
Ściążko, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240833.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
solid oxide fuel cells
stack operation
dynamic operation
current-based fuel control
fuel utilization factor
stałotlenkowe ogniwa paliwowe
działania dynamiczne
kontrola
paliwo
utylizacji paliwa
Opis:
This paper discusses the transient characteristics of the planar type SOFC cell stack, of which the standard output is 300 W. The transient response of the voltage to the manipulation of an electric current was investigated. The effects of the response and of the operating condition determined by the operating temperature of the stack were studied by mapping a current-voltage (I-V) correlation. The current-based fuel control (CBFC) was adopted for keeping the fuel utilization factor at constant while the value of the electric current was ramped at the constant rate. The present experimental study shows that the transient characteristics of the cell voltage are determined by primarily the operating temperature caused by the manipulation of the current. Particularly, the slope of the I-V curve and the overshoot found on the voltage was remarkably influenced by the operating temperature. The different values of the fuel utilization factor influence the height of the settled voltages. The CBFC has significance in determining the slope of the I-V characteristic, but the different values of the fuel utilization factor does not affect the slope as the operating temperature does. The CBFC essentially does not alter the amplitude of the overshoot on the voltage response, since this is dominated by the operating temperature and its change is caused by manipulating the current.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2014, 35, 3; 129-143
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parameters estimation and life cycle economic analysis of a PV powered tri-cycle in India
Autorzy:
Das, S.
Sadhu, P. K.
Majhi, A.
Ghatak, U.
Bandyopadhya, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
PV
tri-cycle
LCEA
fuel-based
Opis:
This paper is devoted towards life cycle economic analysis (LCEA) of a solar photovoltaic (PV) powered tri-cycle. The paper is meant to propose a more systematic approach in determining the optimum use of scarce resources in order to determine the most cost-effective option of the solar tri-cycle. This analysis is based on the life cycle cost of this solar vehicle, involving its comparison with the customary fuel-based tri-cycle which exhibits the relatively less expenditure of the solar alternative. The economic analysis takes into account the fact that over 20 years, the overall price of solar component, replacement and electricity charges, is much lower as compared to that of a fuel-based tri-cycle in India taking into consideration the fuel cost, maintenance and annual inflation over the same period.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2018, 67, 3; 655--665
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Transition Time From Air to Oxy-Combustion
Autorzy:
Lasek, J.
Lajnert, R.
Głód, K.
Zuwała, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
oxy-fuel
combustion
dynamic transition
spalanie
Opis:
In this paper some issues of the transition process from air- to oxy-combustion were investigated. Advantages of flexible combustion were described. Flexible combustion tests carried out at four European plants and five plants outside Europe of different scales of process and test parameters were presented. An analysis of the transition time from air to oxy-combustion of different laboratory and pilot scale processes was carried out. The “first-order + dead time” approach was used as a model to describe transition process. Transitional periods between combustion modes and characteristic parameters of the process were determined. The transition time depends not only on the facility’s capacity but also it is impacted by specific operational parameters.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2015, 36, 1; 113-120
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Intensification Factors on Quality of Fe Agglomerates Made with Alternative Fuel
Autorzy:
Semanová, Z.
Legemza, J.
Hrubovčáková, M.
Findorák, R.
Fröhlichová, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
processing
sintering
intensification
microstructure
agglomerate
fuel
Opis:
Currently is the biggest problem of metallurgical companies the increase of fossil fuel prices and strict environmental regulations. As a result of this, companies must look for alternatives that would reduce the amount of fossil fuels and reduce emissions. Wood sawdust has huge energy potential, which can be used in the process of agglomerate production. This type of energy is locally available, has some similar properties as fossil fuels and is economically advantageous. For these reasons, experimental study using laboratory agglomeration pan was realized to study the possibility of agglomerate production with a mixed fuel. Experimental results show the viability of mixed fuel use in the agglomeration process, but also show significant possibility for improvement. The maximum acceptable substitution ratio, which corresponds to qualitatively suitable agglomerate is 20% of pine sawdust. Based on the realized experiments and the obtained results we have acceded to the intensification of the agglomeration process with an objective to increase the amount of added substitution fuel while maintaining the required quality of agglomerate.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1853-1857
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of atmospheric conditions on the migration of diesel fuel spilled in soil
Autorzy:
Vuruna, M.
Veličković, Z.
Perić, S.
Bogdanov, J.
Ivanković, N.
Bučko, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
diesel fuel
spillage
sand
clay
vertical migration
Opis:
The most common chemical’s spills in typical transportation accidents are those with petroleum products such as diesel fuel, the consequence of which is an extensive pollution of the soil. In order to plan properly fuel recovery from the soil, it is important to gain information about the soil depth which may be affected by pollutant and to predict the pollutant concentration in different soil layers. This study deals with the impact of basic atmospheric conditions, i.e. air temperature and humidity on the diesel fuel migration through the soil. The diesel fuel was spilled into columns (L = 30 cm; D = 4.6 cm) filled with sandy and clay soil samples, and its concentrations at various depths were measured after 11 days under various air temperature (20 and 40°C) and relative humidity (30–100%) conditions. The effects observed were explained by understanding physical processes, such as fuel evaporation, diffusion and adsorption on soil grains. The increase in temperature results in higher fuel evaporation loss and its faster vertical migration. The relative humidity effect is less pronounced but more complex, and it depends much on the soil type.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2017, 43, 1; 73-79
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical Studies on Controlling Gaseous Fuel Combustion by Managing the Combustion Process of Diesel Pilot Dose in a Dual-Fuel Engine
Autorzy:
Mikulski, M.
Wierzbicki, S.
Piętak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
dual-fuel engine
gaseous fuel
combustion process
mathematical model
silnik podwójnego paliwa
paliwo gazowe
proces spalania
model matematyczny
Opis:
Protection of the environment and counteracting global warming require finding alternative sources of energy. One of the methods of generating energy from environmentally friendly sources is increasing the share of gaseous fuels in the total energy balance. The use of these fuels in compression-ignition (CI) engines is difficult due to their relatively high autoignition temperature. One solution for using these fuels in CI engines is operating in a dualfuel mode, where the air and gas mixture is ignited with a liquid fuel dose. In this method, a series of relatively complex chemical processes occur in the engine's combustion chamber, related to the combustion of individual fuel fractions that interact with one another. Analysis of combustion of specific fuels in this type of fuel injection to the engine is difficult due to the fact that combustion of both fuel fractions takes place simultaneously. Simulation experiments can be used to analyse the impact of diesel fuel combustion on gaseous fuel combustion. In this paper, we discuss the results of simulation tests of combustion, based on the proprietary multiphase model of a dual-fuel engine. The results obtained from the simulation allow for analysis of the combustion process of individual fuels separately, which expands the knowledge obtained from experimental tests on the engine.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2015, 36, 2; 225-238
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermodynamic analysis of biofuels as fuels for high temperature fuel cells
Autorzy:
Milewski, J.
Bujalski, W.
Lewandowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biopaliwa
modelowanie matematyczne
ogniwo węglanowe
tlenkowe ogniwa paliwowe
biofuels
mathematical modeling
Molten carbonate fuel cell
solid oxide fuel cell
Opis:
Based on mathematical modeling and numerical simulations, applicativity of various biofuels on high temperature fuel cell performance are presented. Governing equations of high temperature fuel cell modeling are given. Adequate simulators of both solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) have been done and described. Performance of these fuel cells with different biofuels is shown. Some characteristics are given and described. Advantages and disadvantages of various biofuels from the system performance point of view are pointed out. An analysis of various biofuels as potential fuels for SOFC and MCFC is presented. The results are compared with both methane and hydrogen as the reference fuels. The biofuels are characterized by both lower efficiency and lower fuel utilization factors compared with methane. The presented results are based on a 0D mathematical model in the design point calculation. The governing equations of the model are also presented. Technical and financial analysis of high temperature fuel cells (SOFC and MCFC) are shown. High temperature fuel cells can be fed by biofuels like: biogas, bioethanol, and biomethanol. Operational costs and possible incomes of those installation types were estimated and analyzed. A comparison against classic power generation units is shown. A basic indicator net present value (NPV) for projects was estimated and commented.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2012, 33, 4; 41-65
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical study on in-cylinder blending by means of a simultaneous direct injection of two liquid fuels in a heavy duty compression ignition engine
Autorzy:
Kapusta, Ł. J.
Teodorczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/175277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
dual fuel
injection
n-hexane
heavy duty engine
Opis:
Dual fuel combustion has been recently of high interest, mainly in terms of utilization of fuels different than diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. Depending on the properties of a fuel which is additional to diesel fuel, and the type of the additional fuel supply method the combustion process may be strongly modified comparing to single fuel combustion. Nowadays the modification of the combustion process becomes the reason for implementing the dual fuelling process. However, still the main reason for its implementation remains the utilization of nonconventional fuels in compression ignition engines. Among different types of dual fuel systems the one based on simultaneous direct injection of two fuels seems to be most flexible one. It allows to stratify the charge in the cylinder, blend two different fuels at any ratio and does not decrease volumetric efficiency. Therefore, this study aims at mixture formation in a heavy duty engine employing simultaneous direct injection of two different liquid fuels. Special attention was paid to spray breakup and simultaneous evaporation of two fuels which are the key processes in mixture formation.
Źródło:
Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery; 2015, 128; 5-18
0079-3205
Pojawia się w:
Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling Fuel Prices. An I(1) Analysis
Autorzy:
Leszkiewicz-Kędzior, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fuel prices
real exchange rate
CHEER model
cointegration
Opis:
This article analyses fuel pricing in Poland in the period January 2000 - March 2011. Two levels of prices are considered: wholesale prices set by Polish refineries and retail prices paid at petrol stations. Because refinery product prices are strongly dependent on the zloty exchange rate, a large part of the article deals with the modelling of the PLN/EUR exchange rate, in which process a CHEER model is used. The multivariate cointegration analysis showed that the wholesale and retail prices of fuels and the exchange rate are linked through long-run relationships. As demonstrated, the wholesale price of fuel depends on the crude-oil price and the PLN/EUR exchange rate. Another finding is that changes in the wholesale price are fully transmitted to retail prices. As far as the exchange rate is concerned, the real interest rate parity hypothesis has been confirmed, as well as the significance of the risk as perceived by financial investors.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2011, 3, 2; 75-95
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 103

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